filter: use the O(log(n)) instead of O(n) method

[Brambor]

Summary

None

Purpose of change

I used O(n) and complicated the way of getting itype from itype_id in:

• Filter items by can_contain L:, V:, M: (longest_side, volume, mass); affects AIM, inventory… #78519
• Crafting GUI: Filter recipes by what can fit into the result (longest_side, volume, mass) #78384 / Refactor filters in crafting GUI to use a template #78518

Describe the solution

Use the correct and faster method.

Describe alternatives you've considered

Testing

1. Launch the game.
2. Try filters L:122 cm in AIM and crafting GUI.
3. Observe: They throw no errors and work.

Additional context

• I mentioned it should be faster in the additional context of Filter items by can_contain L:, V:, M: (longest_side, volume, mass); affects AIM, inventory… #78519 but I didn't know I just missed the correct method.