Update vcpkg to new mainline commit and instructions

[akrieger]

Summary

Build "Update vcpkg commit to new mainline, remove portfile override"

Purpose of change

New devs setting up with vcpkg are having a hell of a time because the 'blessed' commit doesn't work with newer vcpkg binaries. Older vcpkg binaries no longer recognize new VS2022 installs. There is a range of binaries which would work, but it's unnecessarily complicated to require that. Updating simplifies the setup process by not requiring a convoluted two step checkout.

Describe the solution

Update the vcpkg commit in docs and github workflows.

Describe alternatives you've considered

Complicating the vcpkg setup further at risk of encountering even more breakages down the line.

Testing

Check out a new vcpkg commit. Build locally in debug and release modes, with llvm thin archives enabled, and fix the resulting linker errors. Validate the builds run. Sounds are not glitchy (confirmed the sdl2 release includes Qrox's remixer fix). grep for the old commit hash to ensure it's gone.

Additional context