CMake: Add LLVM build for Windows and other linker fixes

[alef]

Summary

Build "CMake: Add LLVM build for Windows and other linker fixes"

Purpose of change

• Compile and link using LLVM v17 for Windows.
• Simplify logic for embedding the manifest.
• Fix MINGW executable not running right after the build.
• Fix LNK4098 from MSVC

Describe the solution

• Add a new CMake preset for using LLVM on Windows. Requires LLVM_ROOT to be defined. Default C:\Program Files\LLVM
• LLVM build uses clang-cl.exe so that we can reuse flags from MSVC.cmake toolchain file
• Removed a weird logic to handle manifest because it wasn't clear /MANIFEST:NO was about commanding the linker to not automatically generate and embed a manifest.
• Instead of manually stripping the MSYS/MINGW build manually, just add --strip-debug to ld.exe to make the executable run on native Windows.
• Handle /NODEFAULTLIB: and CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to fix MSVC's linker warning LNK4098 about conflicting libraries.
• Do not always write version.h when configuring the build. Avoid version.cpp to be rebuilt when there is no need.

Describe alternatives you've considered

Split this PR in smaller ones.

Testing

✅ Build and run LLVM, MSVC and UCRT64 executables

Additional context

N/A