Skip to content

Commit

Permalink
精简 ch05_热浪研究方法
Browse files Browse the repository at this point in the history
  • Loading branch information
kongdd committed Dec 20, 2023
1 parent a8e7ef7 commit 97eb02d
Show file tree
Hide file tree
Showing 11 changed files with 467 additions and 399 deletions.
19 changes: 11 additions & 8 deletions build_html.ps1
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -45,21 +45,24 @@ $options = ""

# build_marp "README.md"
# build_marp "2023期满考核.md"
build_marp "ch03_位势高度与气压场.md"
build_marp "ch02_大气的基本特征.md"
build_marp "ch01_补充_天气学网站.md"
build_marp "ch01_补充_全球气候变化.md"
build_marp "ch01_绪论.md"
build_marp "ch00_课程介绍.md"

# build_marp "ch03_位势高度与气压场.md"
# build_marp "ch02_大气的基本特征.md"
# build_marp "ch01_补充_天气学网站.md"
# build_marp "ch01_补充_全球气候变化.md"
# build_marp "ch01_绪论.md"
# build_marp "ch00_课程介绍.md"
build_marp "index.md"
# pandoc README.md -o docs/README.html

# build_marp "./examples/high_level.md" "beamer_high"
# build_marp "./examples/low_level.md" "beamer_low"
# build_marp "./ch02_大气的基本特征.md"
# build_marp "./ch03_位势高度与气压场.md"
# build_marp "./ch04_第1讲-水汽通量与暴雨分析.md"
# build_marp "./ch04_第2讲-辐散与垂直运动.md"
build_marp "./ch04_第1讲-水汽通量与暴雨分析.md"

build_marp "./ch04_第2讲-辐散与垂直运动.md"

# build_marp "./ch05_第1讲-辐射与能量平衡.md"
# build_marp "./ch05_第2讲-热浪研究方法.md"
# build_marp "./ch06_大气环流.md"
Expand Down
15 changes: 9 additions & 6 deletions build_pdf.ps1
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -35,12 +35,15 @@ function build_marp{
$options = "--pdf --pdf-outlines true --pdf-outlines.pages false" #
# $options = "--pptx"

build_marp "./ch02_大气的基本特征.md"
build_marp "./ch03_位势高度与气压场.md"
# build_marp "./ch04_第1讲-水汽通量与暴雨分析.md"
# build_marp "./ch04_第2讲-辐散与垂直运动.md"
# build_marp "./ch05_第1讲-辐射与能量平衡.md"
# build_marp "./ch05_第2讲-热浪研究方法.md"
# build_marp "./ch02_大气的基本特征.md"
# build_marp "./ch03_位势高度与气压场.md"
build_marp "./ch04_第1讲-水汽通量与暴雨分析.md"
build_marp "./ch04_第2讲-辐散与垂直运动.md"

build_marp "./ch05_辐射三定律.md"
build_marp "./ch05_热浪研究方法.md"
build_marp "./ch05_太阳辐射.md"

# build_marp "./ch06_大气环流.md"
# build_marp "./ch07_天气系统.md"
# build_marp "./地信研究生_现代气候学_part1.md"
Expand Down
3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion ch03_位势高度与气压场.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -793,7 +793,8 @@ $$

:::info: Recall: 位势高度与虚温
$$
\Delta H = H_2 - H_1 = \frac{R_d \overline{T_v}}{g_0} ln\frac{p_1}{p_2}
\Delta H = H_2 - H_1 = \frac{R_d \overline{T_v}}{g_0} ln\frac{p_1}{p_2},
V_g = -\frac{g_0}{f} \nabla_p H × \boldsymbol{k}
$$
:::

Expand Down
118 changes: 112 additions & 6 deletions ch04_第1讲-水汽通量与暴雨分析.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ paginate: true
# footer: 'Footer space'
title: 'ch04_水汽通量与暴雨来源分析'
# theme: nordic-beamer
theme: 'my-theme'
theme: 'beamer'
---
<!-- page_number: true -->

Expand All @@ -29,6 +29,20 @@ theme: 'my-theme'

---

<h4>引言</h4>

- 下辈子要好好上学,<https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1B94y1A7o4>

- 加州大气河流:<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDDUtOZ92Tk>

- 大气河流3D model: <https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12Y411b7XY/>, <https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4960>

- 中国天河过程:<https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13s4y1m7zX>

- 王光谦院士答天河工程:<https://www.qhu.edu.cn/jxky/51516.htm>

---

<style scoped>
p {
font-size: 36px
Expand All @@ -49,13 +63,13 @@ p {

<h2>黄河的水量有多大?</h2>


![](images/ch04_水汽通量与暴雨分析/黄河流域大洪水-01.png)

<https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fggz/fzzlgh/gjjzxgh/201604/P020191104623960850846.doc>

---


# 1. 水平运动与垂直运动的关系

---
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -133,20 +147,32 @@ $$
\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} \delta x \delta y \delta z \delta t =
- ({\partial \rho u \over \partial x} +
{\partial \rho v \over \partial y} +
{\partial \rho w \over \partial z}) \delta x \delta y \delta z \delta t \\
{\partial \rho w \over \partial z}) \delta x \delta y \delta z \delta t
$$

$$
\begin{align*}
\\
\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + {\partial \rho u \over \partial x} +
{\partial \rho v \over \partial y} +
{\partial \rho w \over \partial z} = 0 \\
\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla · (\rho V) = 0 \\
\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + V \nabla · \rho + \rho \nabla · V= 0
\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + V \nabla · \rho + \rho \nabla · V= 0 \\
\end{align*}
$$

:::info:Recall
$$
\frac{d \rho}{dt} = {\partial \rho \over \partial t} + V \nabla · \rho
$$
:::

$$
\begin{align*}
% (\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + V \nabla · \rho ) + \rho \nabla · V = 0 \\
\frac{d \rho}{dt} + \rho \nabla · V = 0
% (\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + V \nabla · \rho ) + \rho \nabla · V = 0 \\
\end{align*}
$$

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -453,7 +479,87 @@ $$

---

## 2.5. 大气水量平衡
<h4>变量的单位:水汽通量散度</h4>

<br>

- $100 kg ~m^{-2} s^{-1}$转化为$mm/d$

<!-- > 8.64 mm/d -->

- $1×10^{-6} g·cm^{-2}·s^{-1}·hPa^{-1}$转化为$mm/d$

假设$850hPa$,可近似认为代表900hPa~800hPa的平均状态,即气压层厚度可以认为是100hPa。若该层的水汽通量散度为<span style='background-color:yellow'>$1×10^{-6} g·cm^{-2}·s^{-1}·hPa^{-1}$,转化为$mm/d$大概是多少</span>?

---

$$
\begin{align*}
10^{-6} g·cm^{-2}·s^{-1}·hPa^{-1} &=10^{-6}·10^{-3}~ kg · 10^{4} m^{-2}·s^{-1}·hPa^{-1} \\
&= 10^{-6} · 10 ~kg · m^{-2} · s^{-1}·hPa^{-1} \\
&= 0.864 ~kg · m^{-2} · d^{-1}·hPa^{-1} \\
&= 0.864 ~mm ~d^{-1} hPa^{-1}
\end{align*}
$$

然后乘气压层的厚度(如果认为dp = 100hPa),转化为mm约为$86.4mm/s$;

---

## 2.5. 水汽通量公式总结

<h4>a. 水汽含量</h4>

P = F/A, F = mg (力的单位N = kg m s-2,气压的单位Pa = N /m2 = kg m-1 s-2)

> $dp/g$单位:$kg$,因此W的单位也是$kg/m^2$.
$$
\begin{align*}
W &= \int_{P_s}^{P_t} dW = -\frac{1}{g} \int_{P_s}^{P_t} q dp \\
% &= \frac{1}{g} \sum_{P_t}^{P_s} q dp
\end{align*}
$$

<h4>b. 水汽通量</h4>

$$
\begin{aligned}
&F=\int_{z_s}^{z_t} q \rho v d z,(d p=-\rho g d z) \\
&=-\int_{p_s}^{p_t} q \rho v \frac{d p}{\rho g}
% =-\int_{p_s}^{p_t} q v \frac{d p}{g}
=-\frac{1}{g} \int_{p_s}^{p_t} q v d p
\end{aligned}
$$

> F的单位: $kg ~m/s / m^2$ = $kg~m^{-1} s^{-1}$
---

<h4>c. 水汽通量散度</h4>

<!-- <hr> -->
$$
\begin{align*}
d &= \nabla_h (q \rho v) \\
\mathbf{Div} &= -\frac{1}{g} \int_{p_s}^{p_t} \nabla_h(q v) d p
\end{align*}
$$

> $\mathbf{Div}$的单位: $kg ~s^{-1} / m^2$ = $kg~m^{-2} s^{-1}$
---

### 2.5.1. 实战

- 大气河流(丁一汇)

- 2011-08-01河南暴雨

- 2021-07-21河南暴雨

---

## 2.6. 大气水量平衡


较难观测变量:$E$、$\Delta S$、$\Delta W$
Expand Down
95 changes: 3 additions & 92 deletions ch04_第2讲-辐散与垂直运动.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -9,90 +9,7 @@ title: 'ch04_水汽通量与暴雨来源分析'
theme: 'my-theme'
---


## 1. 水汽通量公式总结

<h4>a. 水汽含量</h4>

P = F/A, F = mg (力的单位N = kg m s-2,气压的单位Pa = N /m2 = kg m-1 s-2)

> $dp/g$单位:$kg$,因此W的单位也是$kg/m^2$.
$$
\begin{align*}
W &= \int_{P_s}^{P_t} dW = -\frac{1}{g} \int_{P_s}^{P_t} q dp \\
% &= \frac{1}{g} \sum_{P_t}^{P_s} q dp
\end{align*}
$$

<h4>b. 水汽通量</h4>

$$
\begin{aligned}
&F=\int_{z_s}^{z_t} q \rho v d z,(d p=-\rho g d z) \\
&=-\int_{p_s}^{p_t} q \rho v \frac{d p}{\rho g}
% =-\int_{p_s}^{p_t} q v \frac{d p}{g}
=-\frac{1}{g} \int_{p_s}^{p_t} q v d p
\end{aligned}
$$

> F的单位: $kg ~m/s / m^2$ = $kg~m^{-1} s^{-1}$
---

<h4>c. 水汽通量散度</h4>

<!-- <hr> -->
$$
\begin{align*}
d &= \nabla_h (q \rho v) \\
\mathbf{Div} &= -\frac{1}{g} \int_{p_s}^{p_t} \nabla_h(q v) d p
\end{align*}
$$

> $\mathbf{Div}$的单位: $kg ~s^{-1} / m^2$ = $kg~m^{-2} s^{-1}$
---

### 1.1. 变量的单位

<h4>水汽通量散度</h4>

- $100×kg ~m^{-2} s^{-1}$转化为$mm/d$

<!-- > 8.64 mm/d -->

- $1×10^{-6} g·cm^{-2}·s^{-1}·hPa^{-1}$转化为$mm/d$

假设$850hPa$,可近似认为代表900hPa~800hPa的平均状态,即气压层厚度可以认为是100hPa。若该层的水汽通量散度为<span style='background-color:yellow'>$1×10^{-6} g·cm^{-2}·s^{-1}·hPa^{-1}$,转化为$mm/d$大概是多少</span>?

---

$$
\begin{align*}
10^{-6} g·cm^{-2}·s^{-1}·hPa^{-1} &=10^{-6}·10^{-3}~ kg · 10^{4} m^{-2}·s^{-1}·hPa^{-1} \\
&= 10^{-6} · 10 ~kg · m^{-2} · s^{-1}·hPa^{-1} \\
&= 0.864 ~kg · m^{-2} · d^{-1}·hPa^{-1} \\
&= 0.864 ~mm ~d^{-1} hPa^{-1} \\
&= 0.036 ~mm ~d^{-1} hPa^{-1}
\end{align*}
$$

然后乘气压层的厚度,转化为mm;

---


### 1.2. 实战

- 大气河流(丁一汇)

- 2011-08-01河南暴雨

- 2021-07-21河南暴雨

---

## 2. 水平运动与垂直运动的关系
## 1. 水平运动与垂直运动的关系


<h3>理论</h3>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -145,7 +62,7 @@ $$

---

### 2.1. 地表辐合
### 1.1. 地表辐合

<h4>地表辐合</h4>

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -203,7 +120,7 @@ $$

---

### 2.2. 地表辐散
### 1.2. 地表辐散

$$
\begin{align*}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -235,9 +152,3 @@ $$
<br>

1. 浅薄的地表辐散,中间或者高空,有可能是上升运动。

---

## 3. 案例分析

- 长江流域热浪(辐合辐散与垂直运动)
Loading

0 comments on commit 97eb02d

Please sign in to comment.