Improve the running speed of the test and application modules

PlatEMO/Algorithms/ALGORITHM.m

@@ -198,4 +198,4 @@ function cb_menu(h)
 
     set(get(get(h,'Parent'),'Children'),'Checked','off');
     set(h,'Checked','on');
-end
+end

PlatEMO/Algorithms/Multi-objective optimization/HEA/DominationCal_HEA.m

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+function [non_dominated, hd] = DominationCal_HEA(Objs, zmin, zmax, T)
+[Objs_num, M] = size(Objs);
+objs_dominated = zeros(1, Objs_num);
+hd = zeros(1, Objs_num);
+NormalizedObj = Objs ./ (zmax - zmin);
+for i = 1: Objs_num
+    err = NormalizedObj(i, :) - NormalizedObj;
+    eq = zeros(Objs_num, 1);
+    max_err = max(err, [],  2);
+    min_err = min(err, [],  2);
+    H = -min_err ./ max_err;
+    for j = i + 1: Objs_num
+        for k = 1: M
+            if err(j, k) ~= 0
+                break
+            end
+            if k == M
+                eq(j) = 1;
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    objs_dominated(eq == 1) = 1;
+    H(eq == 1) = -inf;  
+    H(max_err <= 0) = inf;
+    hd(i) = min(H);
+end
+objs_dominated(hd < T) = 1;
+non_dominated = 1 - objs_dominated; 
+end

PlatEMO/Algorithms/Multi-objective optimization/HEA/EnvironmentalSelection_HEA.m

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+function [Population, Population_hd] = EnvironmentalSelection_HEA(Solutions, hd, zmin, zmax, N, W)
+PopObj = Solutions.objs;
+[P, ~] = size(PopObj);
+zmin       = min(zmin, min(PopObj,[],1));
+nf         = zmax - zmin;  % normalization factor
+nf(nf < 1e-6)   = 1e-6;                     % Prevent dividing by zero
+PopObj       = (PopObj - zmin) ./ nf;
+Fitness = pdist2(PopObj,W,'cosine');
+[~, index] = min(Fitness, [], 1);
+non_dominated = zeros(P, 1);
+for i = 1: N
+    non_dominated(index(i)) = 1;
+end
+Population = Solutions(non_dominated == 1);
+Population_hd = hd(non_dominated == 1);
+K = N - sum(non_dominated);
+for i = 1: K
+    [~, Maxhd_index] = max(hd);
+    Population = [Population, Solutions(Maxhd_index)];
+    Population_hd = [Population_hd, hd(Maxhd_index)];
+    hd(Maxhd_index) = -inf;
+end
+end

PlatEMO/Algorithms/Multi-objective optimization/HEA/HEA.m

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+classdef HEA < ALGORITHM
+% <multi/many> <real/binary/permutation>
+% Hyper-dominance based evolutionary algorithm
+% MaxT ---  0.05 --- The maximum value of tolerance
+
+%------------------------------- Reference --------------------------------
+% Z. Liu, F. Han, Q. Ling, H. Han, and J. Jiang, A many-objective 
+% optimization evolutionary algorithm based on hyper-dominande degree, 
+% Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 2023, 83: 101411.
+%------------------------------- Copyright --------------------------------
+% Copyright (c) 2023 BIMK Group. You are free to use the PlatEMO for
+% research purposes. All publications which use this platform or any code
+% in the platform should acknowledge the use of "PlatEMO" and reference "Ye
+% Tian, Ran Cheng, Xingyi Zhang, and Yaochu Jin, PlatEMO: A MATLAB platform
+% for evolutionary multi-objective optimization [educational forum], IEEE
+% Computational Intelligence Magazine, 2017, 12(4): 73-87".
+%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+% This function is written by Zhe Liu
+
+    methods
+        function main(Algorithm,Problem)
+        %% Parameter setting
+            MaxT = Algorithm.ParameterSet(0.05);
+            [W, Problem.N] = UniformPoint(Problem.N,Problem.M);
+            T = 0;
+            step = MaxT/(Problem.maxFE / Problem.N);
+        %% Generate random population
+            Population          = Problem.Initialization(); 
+            Solutions =  Population;
+            zmin = min(Population.objs,[],1);
+            zmax = max(max(Population.objs, [], 1), zmin + 1e-6);
+        %% External archive initialization
+            while Algorithm.NotTerminated(Solutions)
+        %% Optimization        
+                MatingPool = randperm(length(Population));
+                Offsprings = OperatorGA(Problem, Population(MatingPool));
+                Population = [Offsprings, Solutions];  
+                zmin = min(zmin, min(Population.objs,[],1));          
+                [non_dominated, hd] = DominationCal_HEA(Population.objs, zmin, zmax, T);
+                Population = Population(non_dominated == 1);
+                zmax = max(max(Population.objs, [], 1), zmin + 1e-6);
+                hd = hd(non_dominated == 1);
+           %% Environmental Selection
+                [Solutions, hd] = EnvironmentalSelection_HEA(Population, hd, zmin, zmax, Problem.N, W);
+                T = T + step;   
+           %% Population regeneration
+                Population = Solutions;
+                r = unidrnd(Problem.N,[1,Problem.N]);
+                for i = 1: Problem.N
+                    if hd(i) < hd(r(i))
+                        Population(i) = Solutions(r(i));
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+

PlatEMO/GUI/Draw.m

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-function currentAxes = Draw(Data,varargin)
+function currentAxes = Draw(Data,PRO,varargin)
 %Draw - Display data.
 %
 %   Draw(P) displays all the points in P, where each row of P indicates one
@@ -32,21 +32,35 @@
     persistent ax;
     if length(Data) == 1 && isgraphics(Data)
         ax = Data;
-        cla(ax);
+        k = length(ax.Children);
+        if PRO.fastdraw == 0 || k <= 1
+            cla(ax)
+        else
+            K = zeros(1, k);
+            for i = 1: k
+                if strcmp(ax.Children(i).Marker, 'o')
+                    K(i) = 1;
+                end
+            end
+            delete(ax.Children(K==1))
+        end
     elseif ~isempty(Data) && ismatrix(Data)
         if isempty(ax) || ~isgraphics(ax)
             ax = gca;
         end
         if size(Data,2) == 1
             Data = [(1:size(Data,1))',Data];
         end
-        set(ax,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',13,'NextPlot','add','Box','on','View',[0 90],'GridLineStyle','none');
-        if islogical(Data)
-            [ax.XLabel.String,ax.YLabel.String,ax.ZLabel.String] = deal('Solution No.','Dimension No.',[]);
-        elseif size(Data,2) > 3
-            [ax.XLabel.String,ax.YLabel.String,ax.ZLabel.String] = deal('Dimension No.','Value',[]);
-        elseif ~isempty(varargin) && iscell(varargin{end})
-            [ax.XLabel.String,ax.YLabel.String,ax.ZLabel.String] = deal(varargin{end}{:});
+        if PRO.fastdraw == 0
+            cla(ax)
+            set(ax,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',13,'NextPlot','add','Box','on','View',[0 90],'GridLineStyle','none');
+            if islogical(Data)
+                [ax.XLabel.String,ax.YLabel.String,ax.ZLabel.String] = deal('Solution No.','Dimension No.',[]);
+            elseif size(Data,2) > 3
+                [ax.XLabel.String,ax.YLabel.String,ax.ZLabel.String] = deal('Dimension No.','Value',[]);
+            elseif ~isempty(varargin) && iscell(varargin{end})
+                [ax.XLabel.String,ax.YLabel.String,ax.ZLabel.String] = deal(varargin{end}{:});
+            end
         end
         if ~isempty(varargin) && iscell(varargin{end})
             varargin = varargin(1:end-1);
@@ -77,9 +91,11 @@
             Label(2:2:end,:) = fliplr(Label(2:2:end,:));
             plot(ax,reshape(Label',[],1),reshape(Data',[],1),varargin{:});
         end
-        axis(ax,'tight');
-        set(ax.Toolbar,'Visible','off');
-        set(ax.Toolbar,'Visible','on');
+        if PRO.fastdraw == 0
+            axis(ax,'tight');
+            set(ax.Toolbar,'Visible','off');
+            set(ax.Toolbar,'Visible','on');
+        end
     end
     currentAxes = ax;
-end
+end

PlatEMO/GUI/module_app.m

@@ -726,31 +726,40 @@ function cb_slider(obj,~,~,ax)
                 obj.app.labelD.Text = sprintf('%d evaluations',ALG.result{index,1});
                 % Clear the default or specified axes
                 if nargin > 3
-                    Draw(ax);
+                    Draw(ax, PRO);
                 else
-                    Draw(obj.app.axes);
+                    Draw(obj.app.axes, PRO);
                 end
                 if PRO.M > 1
                     % Show the result of multi-objective optimization
+                    if ~strcmp(PRO.display, obj.app.dropD(1).Value)
+                        PRO.fastdraw = 0;
+                    end
                     switch obj.app.dropD(1).Value
                         case 'Population (objectives)'
                             PRO.DrawObj(ALG.result{index,2});
                         case 'Population (variables)'
                             PRO.DrawDec(ALG.result{index,2});
                         otherwise
                             obj.app.waittip.Visible = 'on'; drawnow();
-                            Draw(ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropD(1).Value),'-k.','LineWidth',1.5,'MarkerSize',10,{'Number of function evaluations',strrep(obj.app.dropD(1).Value,'_',' '),[]});
+                            Draw(ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropD(1).Value), PRO,'-k.','LineWidth',1.5,'MarkerSize',10,{'Number of function evaluations',strrep(obj.app.dropD(1).Value,'_',' '),[]});
                             obj.app.waittip.Visible = 'off';
                     end
+                    PRO.display = obj.app.dropD(1).Value;
                 else
                     % Show the result of single-objective optimization
+                    if ~strcmp(PRO.display, obj.app.dropD(2).Value)
+                        PRO.fastdraw = 0;
+                    end
                     switch obj.app.dropD(2).Value
                         case 'Population (variables)'
                             PRO.DrawDec(ALG.result{index,2});
                         otherwise
-                            Draw(ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropD(2).Value),'-k.','LineWidth',1.5,'MarkerSize',10,{'Number of function evaluations',strrep(obj.app.dropD(2).Value,'_',' '),[]});
+                            Draw(ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropD(2).Value),PRO,'-k.','LineWidth',1.5,'MarkerSize',10,{'Number of function evaluations',strrep(obj.app.dropD(2).Value,'_',' '),[]});
                     end
+                    PRO.display = obj.app.dropD(2).Value
                 end
+                PRO.fastdraw = 1;
             end
         end
         %% Create the gif
@@ -869,4 +878,4 @@ function cb_toolbutton2(obj,~,~)
         end
         obj.cb_updateFilter();
     end
-end
+end

PlatEMO/GUI/module_exp.m

@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ function cb_tableShow(obj,ui,~,type)
                 movegui(figure('NumberTitle','off','Name','','Position',[0 0 240*nCol 220*nRow]),'center');
                 for r = 1 : nRow
                     for c = 1 : nCol
-                        ax    = Draw(axes('Unit','pixels','Position',[(c-1)*240+35 (nRow-r)*220+35 200 170]));
+                        ax    = Draw(axes('Unit','pixels','Position',[(c-1)*240+35 (nRow-r)*220+35 200 170]),obj.data.PRO);
                         valid = find(reshape(~cellfun(@isempty,obj.data.result(r+loc(1)-1,c+loc(2)-1,:)),1,[]));
                         if ~isempty(valid)
                             [~,rank] = sort(obj.GetMetricValue(r+loc(1)-1,c+loc(2)-1,metric,false));
@@ -624,11 +624,11 @@ function cb_tableShow(obj,ui,~,type)
             else
                 movegui(figure('NumberTitle','off','Name','','Position',[0 0 290*nRow 260]),'center');
                 for r = 1 : nRow
-                    ax = Draw(axes('Unit','pixels','Position',[(r-1)*290+50 40 220 200]));
+                    ax = Draw(axes('Unit','pixels','Position',[(r-1)*290+50 40 220 200]),obj.data.PRO);
                     s  = {'o','+','s','*','^','x';'-k','--k','-b','--b','-g','--g'};
                     for c = 1 : nCol
                         value = obj.GetMetricValue(r+loc(1)-1,c+loc(2)-1,metric,true);
-                        Draw(value,[s{1,mod(c-1,size(s,2))+1},s{2,mod(ceil(c/size(s,2))-1,size(s,2))+1}],'MarkerSize',5,'LineWidth',0.6);
+                        Draw(value,obj.data.PRO,[s{1,mod(c-1,size(s,2))+1},s{2,mod(ceil(c/size(s,2))-1,size(s,2))+1}],'MarkerSize',5,'LineWidth',0.6);
                     end
                     legend(ax,arrayfun(@(s)class(s),obj.data.ALG(loc(2):loc(4)),'UniformOutput',false),'Location','best');
                     set(ax,'FontSize',10);
@@ -792,4 +792,4 @@ function table2mat(filename,Metric,metricName)
     end
     eval([metricName,'=Data;'])
     save(filename,metricName);
-end
+end

PlatEMO/GUI/module_test.m

@@ -315,22 +315,25 @@ function cb_slider(obj,~,~,ax)
                 obj.app.labelC.Text = sprintf('%d evaluations',ALG.result{index,1});
                 % Clear the default or specified axes
                 if nargin > 3
-                    Draw(ax);
+                    Draw(ax, PRO);
                 else
-                    Draw(obj.app.axes);
+                    Draw(obj.app.axes, PRO);
                 end
                 isMetric = false;
                 if PRO.M > 1    % Multi-objective optimization
+                    if ~strcmp(PRO.display,obj.app.dropC(1).Value)
+                        PRO.fastdraw = 0;
+                    end
                     switch obj.app.dropC(1).Value
                         case 'Population (objectives)'
                             PRO.DrawObj(ALG.result{index,2});
                         case 'Population (variables)'
                             PRO.DrawDec(ALG.result{index,2});
                         case 'True Pareto front'
-                            Draw(PRO.optimum,{'\it f\rm_1','\it f\rm_2','\it f\rm_3'});
+                            Draw(PRO.optimum,PRO,{'\it f\rm_1','\it f\rm_2','\it f\rm_3'});
                         otherwise
                             obj.app.waittip.Visible = 'on'; drawnow();
-                            Draw(ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropC(1).Value),'-k.','LineWidth',1.5,'MarkerSize',10,{'Number of function evaluations',strrep(obj.app.dropC(1).Value,'_',' '),[]});
+                            Draw(ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropC(1).Value),PRO,'-k.','LineWidth',1.5,'MarkerSize',10,{'Number of function evaluations',strrep(obj.app.dropC(1).Value,'_',' '),[]});
                             obj.app.waittip.Visible = 'off';
                             isMetric = true;
                     end
@@ -342,12 +345,16 @@ function cb_slider(obj,~,~,ax)
                         value = ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropD(2).Value);
                         obj.app.labelD.Text = sprintf('%.4e',value(end));
                     end
+                    PRO.display = obj.app.dropC(1).Value;
                 else            % Single-objective optimization
+                    if ~strcmp(PRO.display,obj.app.dropC(2).Value)
+                        PRO.fastdraw = 0;
+                    end
                     switch obj.app.dropC(2).Value
                         case 'Population (variables)'
                             PRO.DrawDec(ALG.result{index,2});
                         otherwise
-                            Draw(ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropC(2).Value),'-k.','LineWidth',1.5,'MarkerSize',10,{'Number of function evaluations',strrep(obj.app.dropC(2).Value,'_',' '),[]});
+                            Draw(ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropC(2).Value),PRO,'-k.','LineWidth',1.5,'MarkerSize',10,{'Number of function evaluations',strrep(obj.app.dropC(2).Value,'_',' '),[]});
                             isMetric = true;
                     end
                     if ~isMetric
@@ -358,7 +365,9 @@ function cb_slider(obj,~,~,ax)
                         value = ALG.CalMetric(obj.app.dropD(3).Value);
                         obj.app.labelD.Text = sprintf('%.4e',value(end));
                     end
+                    PRO.display = obj.app.dropC(2).Value;
                 end
+                PRO.fastdraw = 1;
             end
         end
         %% Create the gif
@@ -445,4 +454,4 @@ function cb_dropdown2(obj,~,~)
             end
         end
     end
-end
+end

PlatEMO/Problems/PROBLEM.m

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@
         N          = 100;      	% Population size
         maxFE      = 10000;     % Maximum number of function evaluations
         FE         = 0;        	% Number of consumed function evaluations
+	fastdraw   = 0;         % Draw method (0.normal 1.fast)
+	display    = ''         % Item of displayed result
     end
     properties(SetAccess = protected)
         M;                    	% Number of objectives
@@ -304,9 +306,9 @@ function DrawDec(obj,Population)
         %       Problem.DrawDec(Population)
 
             if all(obj.encoding==4)
-                Draw(logical(Population.decs));
+                Draw(logical(Population.decs),obj);
             else
-                Draw(Population.decs,{'\it x\rm_1','\it x\rm_2','\it x\rm_3'});
+                Draw(Population.decs,obj,{'\it x\rm_1','\it x\rm_2','\it x\rm_3'});
             end
         end
         function DrawObj(obj,Population)
@@ -319,8 +321,8 @@ function DrawObj(obj,Population)
         %   Example:
         %       Problem.DrawObj(Population)
 
-            ax = Draw(Population.objs,{'\it f\rm_1','\it f\rm_2','\it f\rm_3'});
-            if ~isempty(obj.PF)
+            ax = Draw(Population.objs,obj,{'\it f\rm_1','\it f\rm_2','\it f\rm_3'});
+            if ~isempty(obj.PF) && obj.fastdraw == 0
                 if ~iscell(obj.PF)
                     if obj.M == 2
                         plot(ax,obj.PF(:,1),obj.PF(:,2),'-k','LineWidth',1);
@@ -335,7 +337,7 @@ function DrawObj(obj,Population)
                     end
                     set(ax,'Children',ax.Children(flip(1:end)));
                 end
-            elseif size(obj.optimum,1) > 1 && obj.M < 4
+            elseif size(obj.optimum,1) > 1 && obj.M < 4 && obj.fastdraw == 0
                 if obj.M == 2
                     plot(ax,obj.optimum(:,1),obj.optimum(:,2),'.k');
                 elseif obj.M == 3
@@ -363,4 +365,4 @@ function DrawObj(obj,Population)
             varargout(specified) = obj.parameter(specified);
         end
     end
-end
+end