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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions pgt52m/week-8/study_after_workshop.html
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Expand Up @@ -679,9 +679,9 @@ <h1 class="title">Independent Study to consolidate this week</h1>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Answer - don’t look until you have tried!</summary><div class="sourceCode" id="cb16"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co"># Carry out the post-hoc test</span></span>
<span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://github.com/rvlenth/emmeans">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/emmeans/man/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">spray</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/reference/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">spray</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># the signifcant comparisons are:</span></span>
<span><span class="co"># contrast estimate SE df t.ratio p.value</span></span>
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions pgt52m/week-8/workshop.html
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Expand Up @@ -735,11 +735,11 @@ <h1 class="title">Workshop</h1>
<p>The ANOVA is significant but this only tells us that species matters, meaning at least two of the means differ. To find out which means differ, we need a post-hoc test. A post-hoc (“after this”) test is done after a significant ANOVA test. There are several possible post-hoc tests and we will be using Tukey’s HSD (honestly significant difference) test <span class="citation" data-cites="tukey1949">(<a href="#ref-tukey1949" role="doc-biblioref">Tukey 1949</a>)</span> implemented in the <strong><code>emmeans</code></strong> <span class="citation" data-cites="emmeans">(<a href="#ref-emmeans" role="doc-biblioref">Lenth 2023</a>)</span> package.</p>
<p><img src="images/do_in_R.png" class="img-fluid"> Load the package</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://github.com/rvlenth/emmeans">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><img src="images/do_in_R.png" class="img-fluid"> Carry out the post-hoc test</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/emmeans/man/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">species</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/reference/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">species</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> contrast estimate SE df t.ratio p.value
Bladdernose Seal - Harbour Seal -6.69 2.08 87 -3.224 0.0050
Expand All @@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ <h1 class="title">Workshop</h1>
<p>A plot can be used to visualise the result of the post-hoc which can be especially useful when there are very many comparisons.</p>
<p><img src="images/do_in_R.png" class="img-fluid"> Plot the results of the post-hoc test:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/emmeans/man/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">species</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/plot.default.html">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/reference/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">species</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/plot.default.html">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure class="figure"><p><img src="workshop_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions r4babs2/week-4/study_after_workshop.html
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -547,9 +547,9 @@ <h1 class="title">Independent Study to consolidate this week</h1>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Answer - don’t look until you have tried!</summary><div class="sourceCode" id="cb16"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co"># Carry out the post-hoc test</span></span>
<span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://github.com/rvlenth/emmeans">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/emmeans/man/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">spray</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/reference/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">spray</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># the signifcant comparisons are:</span></span>
<span><span class="co"># contrast estimate SE df t.ratio p.value</span></span>
Expand Down
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions r4babs2/week-4/workshop.html
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -603,11 +603,11 @@ <h1 class="title">Workshop</h1>
<p>The ANOVA is significant but this only tells us that species matters, meaning at least two of the means differ. To find out which means differ, we need a post-hoc test. A post-hoc (“after this”) test is done after a significant ANOVA test. There are several possible post-hoc tests and we will be using Tukey’s HSD (honestly significant difference) test <span class="citation" data-cites="tukey1949">(<a href="#ref-tukey1949" role="doc-biblioref">Tukey 1949</a>)</span> implemented in the <strong><code>emmeans</code></strong> <span class="citation" data-cites="emmeans">(<a href="#ref-emmeans" role="doc-biblioref">Lenth 2023</a>)</span> package.</p>
<p><img src="images/do_in_R.png" class="img-fluid"> Load the package</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://github.com/rvlenth/emmeans">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><img src="images/do_in_R.png" class="img-fluid"> Carry out the post-hoc test</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/emmeans/man/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">species</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/reference/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">species</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> contrast estimate SE df t.ratio p.value
Bladdernose Seal - Harbour Seal -6.69 2.08 87 -3.224 0.0050
Expand All @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ <h1 class="title">Workshop</h1>
<p>A plot can be used to visualise the result of the post-hoc which can be especially useful when there are very many comparisons.</p>
<p><img src="images/do_in_R.png" class="img-fluid"> Plot the results of the post-hoc test:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/emmeans/man/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">species</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/plot.default.html">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/reference/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">species</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/plot.default.html">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure class="figure"><p><img src="workshop_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions r4babs2/week-5/study_after_workshop.html
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Expand Up @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ <h1 class="title">Independent Study to consolidate this week</h1>
<p>If you have just opened RStudio you will want to load the <strong><code>tidyverse</code></strong> and <strong><code>emmeans</code></strong> packages.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://github.com/rvlenth/emmeans">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="exercises" class="level1"><h1>Exercises</h1>
<ol type="1">
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ <h1 class="title">Independent Study to consolidate this week</h1>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Answer - don’t look until you have tried!</summary><div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/emmeans/man/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">spp</span> <span class="op">*</span> <span class="va">region</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Answer - don’t look until you have tried!</summary><div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/reference/emmeans.html">emmeans</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mod</span>, <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">spp</span> <span class="op">*</span> <span class="va">region</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/pairs.html">pairs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># As we suspected all the difference are between F.concocti north</span></span>
<span><span class="co"># and the other three groups. </span></span>
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