Expand capabilities of the `debug` instruction #4106

Job	Run time
Clippy	50s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets --no-default-features	57s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets	1m 23s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets --all-features	1m 19s
Test Rust nightly on windows-2022	0s
rustfmt	9s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets --no-default-features	1m 7s
no-std (stable, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	1m 11s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets	1m 25s
Test Rust stable on ubuntu with --profile test-release	10m 0s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets --all-features	1m 14s
no-std (nightly, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	1m 21s
Test Rust stable on ubuntu with --profile test-release --doc	4m 16s
Test Rust nightly on ubuntu with --profile test-release	8m 31s
Test Rust nightly on ubuntu with --profile test-release --doc	5m 19s
	39m 2s

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