Expand capabilities of the `debug` instruction #4102

Job	Run time
rustfmt	25s
no-std (stable, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	1m 9s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets --no-default-features	1m 17s
no-std (nightly, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	1m 22s
Clippy	49s
Test Rust stable on ubuntu with --profile test-release	10m 35s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets	1m 34s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets --all-features	1m 34s
Test Rust stable on ubuntu with --profile test-release --doc	5m 29s
Test Rust nightly on windows-2022	0s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets --no-default-features	2m 49s
Test Rust nightly on ubuntu with --profile test-release	8m 13s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets	1m 9s
Test Rust nightly on ubuntu with --profile test-release --doc	4m 58s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets --all-features	1m 33s
	42m 56s

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