Expand capabilities of the `debug` instruction #4096

Job	Run time
rustfmt	16s
Clippy	51s
no-std (stable, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	1m 24s
no-std (nightly, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	1m 27s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets --no-default-features	1m 6s
Test Rust stable on ubuntu with --profile test-release	11m 0s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets	1m 9s
Test Rust nightly on windows-2022	0s
Test Rust stable on ubuntu with --profile test-release --doc	5m 12s
Test Rust nightly on ubuntu with --profile test-release	9m 59s
Test Rust nightly on ubuntu with --profile test-release --doc	4m 39s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets --all-features	1m 14s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets --no-default-features	1m 5s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets	1m 18s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets --all-features	1m 35s
	42m 15s

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