Expand capabilities of the `debug` instruction #4087

Job	Run time
Clippy	59s
rustfmt	20s
no-std (stable, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	54s
no-std (nightly, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	58s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets --no-default-features	1m 9s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets	1m 11s
Test Rust stable on ubuntu with --profile test-release	11m 44s
Check Rust stable on ubuntu with --all-targets --all-features	1m 31s
Test Rust stable on ubuntu with --profile test-release --doc	5m 2s
Test Rust nightly on windows-2022	0s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets --no-default-features	1m 22s
Test Rust nightly on ubuntu with --profile test-release	8m 17s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets	1m 6s
Test Rust nightly on ubuntu with --profile test-release --doc	6m 14s
Check Rust nightly on ubuntu with --all-targets --all-features	1m 40s
	42m 27s

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