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class="nav-text">1.分类</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93"><span class="nav-text">(1).关系型数据库</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93"><span class="nav-text">(2).非关系型数据库</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B"><span class="nav-text">2.简介</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85"><span class="nav-text">3.安装</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4"><span class="nav-text">4.指令</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC"><span class="nav-text">(1).基本</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-CRUD"><span class="nav-text">(2).CRUD</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F"><span class="nav-text">5.注意</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link"><span class="nav-text">二、进阶内容</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB"><span class="nav-text">1.文档之间的联系</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%E5%92%8C%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1"><span class="nav-text">2.排序和投影</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F"><span class="nav-text">(1).排序</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1"><span class="nav-text">(2).投影</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-Mongoose"><span class="nav-text">3.Mongoose</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B"><span class="nav-text">(1).简介</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93"><span class="nav-text">(2).连接数据库</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%EF%BC%81%E7%9B%91%E5%90%AC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81"><span class="nav-text">！监听数据库的连接状态</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BASchema"><span class="nav-text">(3).创建Schema</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BAModel"><span class="nav-text">(4).创建Model</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-Module%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="nav-text">(5).Module的方法</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3"><span class="nav-text">1).插入文档</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3"><span class="nav-text">2).查询文档</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3"><span class="nav-text">3).修改文档</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3"><span class="nav-text">4).删除文档</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3"><span class="nav-text">5).统计文档</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-Document%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="nav-text">(6).Document的方法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a 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itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Wrysmile 的博客"></span><header class="post-header"><h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">学习笔记：MongoDB（尚硅谷）</h1><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2021-06-27 10:16:52" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2021-06-27T10:16:52+08:00">2021-06-27</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2023-01-31 18:23:56" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-01-31T18:23:56+08:00">2023-01-31</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">学习笔记</span></a> </span></span><span id="/Learn-MongoDB.html" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="学习笔记：MongoDB（尚硅谷）" title="阅读次数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span></span></div><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-file-word"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span> <span>5.7k</span> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-clock"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span>5 分钟</span></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h1>介绍</h1><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2">本文主要记录在学习尚硅谷的 MongoDB 课程时的一些笔记</li><li class="lvl-2">尚硅谷前端学科全套课程请点击<a target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="https://pan.baidu.com/s/1BM_OKMXXAGxMNqaBN_7tRg">这里</a>进行下载，提取码：afyt<span id="more"></span></li></ul><h1>一、基础内容</h1><h2 id="1-分类">1.分类</h2><h3 id="1-关系型数据库">(1).关系型数据库</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>关系型数据库（RDBMS）中全都是表</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>例如：MySQL、Oracle、DB2、SQL Server</p></li></ul><h3 id="2-非关系型数据库">(2).非关系型数据库</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>非关系型数据库（NoSQL、Not Only SQL）分为好多种类，主要有：</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>键值对数据库：Redis</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>文档数据库：MongoDB</p></li></ul><h2 id="2-简介">2.简介</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>MongoDB 的数据模型是面向文档的，即类似于 JSON 的结构（又名BSON）</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>主要概念如下：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">数据库（database）：一个仓库，可以存放集合</li><li class="lvl-4">集合（collection）：类似于数组，可以存放文档</li><li class="lvl-4">文档（document）：文档数据库中的最小单位，存储和操作的内容都是文档</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="3-安装">3.安装</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>可以去<a target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mongodb.com/">官网</a>下载最新版，也可以去<a target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mongodb.org/dl/win32/">这里</a>下载，下载社区版即可（3.2版本之后不支持32位系统，且最新版安装无需配置 data 目录，会自动生成）</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>配置环境变量：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">打开 MongoDB 安装目录下的 <code>bin</code> 文件夹，将该路径添加到系统的环境变量中</li></ul></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>打开 cmd 窗口，直接输入 <code>mongo</code> 命令即可连接到 MongoDB 数据库</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>可通过以下命令更改默认数据库位置和端口号</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mongod --dbpath 数据库路径 --port 端口号 // 端口号一般介于1000-65535之间</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="4-指令">4.指令</h2><h3 id="1-基本">(1).基本</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>show dbs/datebases</code>：显示当前的所有数据库</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>use 数据库名</code>：进入到指定的数据库中</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>db</code>：显示当前所处的数据库</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>show collections</code>：显示数据库中所有集合</p></li></ul><h3 id="2-CRUD">(2).CRUD</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>插入：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.insert(doc)</code>：向集合中插入文档（可一个可多个）</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.insertOne(doc)</code>：向集合中插入一个文档</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.insertMany(doc)</code>：向集合中插入多个文档</li></ul></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>查询：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.find()</code>：查询集合中的所有文档，返回的是一个数组</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.find().count()</code>：查询集合中所有文档的数量</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.find({属性:值})</code>：查询集合中属性是指定值的文档，若需要查询指定的属性，需要使用“查询操作符”来完成查询<ul class="lvl-4"><li class="lvl-6"><code>$gt</code>：大于指定属性的值</li><li class="lvl-6"><code>$lt</code>：小雨指定属性的值</li></ul></li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.findOne()</code>：查询集合中符合条件的第一个文档，返回的是一个对象</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.find().limit(10)</code>：设置显示数据的上限</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.find().skip(10).limit(10)</code>：跳过前10条数据<ul class="lvl-4"><li class="lvl-6">skip((页码 -1 ) * 每页显示的条数)</li><li class="lvl-6">limit(每页显示的条数)</li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>修改：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.update({查询条件},{新对象})</code>：默认情况会使用新对象覆盖旧对象，若需要修改指定的属性，需要使用“修改操作符”来完成修改<ul class="lvl-4"><li class="lvl-6"><code>$set</code>：修改文档中的指定属性</li><li class="lvl-6"><code>$unset</code>：删除文档中的指定属性</li><li class="lvl-6"><code>$push/$addToSet</code>：向数组中添加一个新的元素（后者如果数组中已存在该元素，则不会添加）</li><li class="lvl-6"><code>$inc</code>：进行自增操作</li></ul></li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.updateMany()</code>：同时修改多个符合条件的文档</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.updateOne()</code>：修改一个符合条件的文档</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.replaceOne()</code>：替换一个文档</li></ul></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>删除：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.remove()</code>：删除符合条件的所有文档（默认情况下会删除多个，但第二个参数传true时只会删除一个）</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.remove({})</code>：删除集合中的所有文档</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.deleteOne()</code>：删除符合条件的一个文档</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.deleteMany()</code>：删除符合条件的多个文档</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.<集合名>.drop()</code>：删除集合</li><li class="lvl-4"><code>db.dropDatabase()</code>：删除数据库</li><li class="lvl-4"><strong style="color:red">!注意：一般数据库中的数据都不会删除，一般会在数据中添加一个字段，来表示数据是否被删除</strong></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="5-注意">5.注意</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>在 MongoDB 中当一个文档的属性值是一个文档时，这个文档为内嵌文档</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>在 MongoDB 中支持直接通过内嵌文档的属性进行查询，如果要查询内嵌文档则可通过 <code>.</code> 的形式来匹配，<strong style="color:red">但此时的属性名必须使用引号</strong></p></li></ul><h1>二、进阶内容</h1><h2 id="1-文档之间的联系">1.文档之间的联系</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>一对一</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">例子：夫妻</li><li class="lvl-4">可以通过内嵌文档的形式来体现出一对一的关系</li></ul></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>一对多</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">例子：父母 - 孩子、用户 - 订单、文章 - 评论、</li><li class="lvl-4">可以通过内嵌文档来映射一对多的关系</li></ul></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>多对多</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">例子：分类 - 商品、老师 - 学生</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="2-排序和投影">2.排序和投影</h2><h3 id="1-排序">(1).排序</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>在使用 <code>find()</code> 查询文档时，默认是按照 <code>_id</code> 的值进行升序排序的</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>我们可以使用 <code>sort()</code> 来指定文档的排序规则，且需要传递一个对象来指定排序规则</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">1 表示升序</li><li class="lvl-4">-1 表示降序</li></ul></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>当在 <code>sort()</code> 中输入第二个参数时，表示先以第一个参数排序，当第一个参数相等时按第二个参数排序</p></li></ul><h3 id="2-投影">(2).投影</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>当我们只想要获取某个文档中的某个字段时可以使用 <strong>投影</strong></p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>在查询时，可以在第二个参数的位置来设置查询结果的投影</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">1 表示显示</li><li class="lvl-4">0 表示不显示</li><li class="lvl-4">默认显示 <code>_id</code></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="3-Mongoose">3.Mongoose</h2><h3 id="1-简介">(1).简介</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>官网：点击<a target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="https://mongoosejs.com/">这里</a></p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>Mongoose 是一个对象文档模型（ODM）库，对 Node 原生的 MongoDB 模块进一步的优化封装并提供了更多的功能</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>Mongoose 的好处：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">可以为文档创建一个模式结构（Schema）</li><li class="lvl-4">可以对模型中的对象/文档进行验证</li><li class="lvl-4">数据可以通过类型转换转换为对象模型</li><li class="lvl-4">可以使用中间件来应用业务逻辑挂钩</li><li class="lvl-4">比 Node 原生的 MongoDB 驱动更容易</li></ul></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>Mongoose 新对象：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">Schema（模式对象）：约束数据库中的文档结构</li><li class="lvl-4">Model：作为集合中的所有文档的标识，相当于数据库中的集合 Collection</li><li class="lvl-4">Document：表示集合中的具体文档</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="2-连接数据库">(2).连接数据库</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>在当前项目路径的终端中进行安装</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm i mongoose --save</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>在当前项目中引入 Mongoose</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const mongoose = require("mongoose");</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>连接 MongoDB 数据库</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mongoose.connect("mongodb://数据库的ip地址:端口号/数据库名", {useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true});</span><br><span class="line">mongoose.connect("mongodb://localhost:27017/mongoose_test");</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>断开 MongoDB 数据库（一般不调用，连接一次后除非项目停止、服务器关闭，否则连接一般不会断开）</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mongoose.disconnect()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="！监听数据库的连接状态">！监听数据库的连接状态</h4><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>在 Mongoose 对象中，有一个属性叫做 connection，该对象表示的就是数据库连接，通过监视该对象的状态就可以监听数据库的连接与断开</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>数据库连接成功的事件：</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mongoose.connection.once("open", function (){</span><br><span class="line"> console.log("数据库连接成功");</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>数据库连接断开的事件：</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mongoose.connection.once("close", function (){</span><br><span class="line"> console.log("数据库连接断开");</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="3-创建Schema">(3).创建Schema</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>通过创建 Schema 对象来进行</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const Schema = mongoose.Schema;</span><br><span class="line">const stuSchema = new Schema({</span><br><span class="line"> name: String,</span><br><span class="line"> age: Number,</span><br><span class="line"> gender: {</span><br><span class="line"> type: String,</span><br><span class="line"> default: "male"</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>如果想要设置默认值，可以通过以下方式进行设置：</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gender: {</span><br><span class="line"> type: String,</span><br><span class="line"> default: "male"</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="4-创建Model">(4).创建Model</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>可通过以下命令来创建 Model，参数一为要映射的集合名，参数二为创建好的 Schema 对象</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>mongoose 会自动将集合名变为复数</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const StuModel = mongoose.model("students", stuSchema);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="5-Module的方法">(5).Module的方法</h3><h4 id="1-插入文档">1).插入文档</h4><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>使用以下命令来插入文档，参数一为需要插入的文档内容，参数二为回调函数</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">StuModel.create({</span><br><span class="line"> name: "孙悟空",</span><br><span class="line"> age: 18</span><br><span class="line">}, function (err){</span><br><span class="line"> if(!err){</span><br><span class="line"> console.log("插入成功！");</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="2-查询文档">2).查询文档</h4><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.find()</code>：查询所有符合条件的文档</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.findOne()</code>：查询符合条件的第一个文档</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.findById()</code>：根据文档id属性查询文档</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>参数有：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">condition：查询的条件（对象）</li><li class="lvl-4">projection：投影（可以使用传统方式，也可以传入一个对象 <code>"name age -_id"</code> 来投影）</li><li class="lvl-4">options：查询选项（skip、limit）</li><li class="lvl-4">callback：回调函数，必传否则不会查询</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="3-修改文档">3).修改文档</h4><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.update()</code></p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.updateMany()</code></p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.updateOne()</code></p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.replaceOne()</code></p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>参数有：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">condition：查询条件</li><li class="lvl-4">doc：修改后的对象</li><li class="lvl-4">options：配置参数</li><li class="lvl-4">callback：回调函数</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="4-删除文档">4).删除文档</h4><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.remove()</code></p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.deleteOne()</code></p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.deleteMany()</code></p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>参数有：</p><ul class="lvl-2"><li class="lvl-4">conditions：查询条件</li><li class="lvl-4">callback：回调函数</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="5-统计文档">5).统计文档</h4><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>Module.count(conditions, callback)</code>：统计文档的数量</p></li></ul><h3 id="6-Document的方法">(6).Document的方法</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>Document 是 Module 的实例，和集合中的文档一一对应</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>document.save()</code>：保存到数据库</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>document.update()</code>：修改对象</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>document.remove()</code>：删除对象</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>document.get()</code>：获取文档中的指定属性值</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>document.set()</code>：设置文档中的指定属性值</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>document.id()</code>：获取文档的 _id 属性值</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>document.toJSON()</code>：转换为一个 JSON 对象</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p><code>document.toObject()</code>：转换为一个 Object 对象，转换之后所有的 Document 对象的方法或属性都不能使用</p></li></ul><h3 id="7-模块化">(7).模块化</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>把连接数据库的代码封装到一个工具文件中，如下：</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><-- conn_mongodb.js --></span><br><span class="line">const mongoose = require("mongoose");</span><br><span class="line">mongoose.connect("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/mongoose_test");</span><br><span class="line">mongoose.connection.once("open", function (){</span><br><span class="line"> console.log("数据库连接成功");</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">mongoose.connection.once("close", function (){</span><br><span class="line"> console.log("数据库连接关闭");</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>把创建 Schema 和 Model 的代码封装到专门存放Model对象的文件夹中，如下：</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><-- student.js --></span><br><span class="line">const mongoose = require("mongoose")</span><br><span class="line">const Schema = mongoose.Schema;</span><br><span class="line">const stuSchema = new Schema({</span><br><span class="line"> name: String,</span><br><span class="line"> age: Number,</span><br><span class="line"> gender: {</span><br><span class="line"> type: String,</span><br><span class="line"> default: "male"</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">const StuModel = mongoose.model("student", stuSchema);</span><br><span class="line">module.exports = StuModel;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>最后在所需的文件中直接引入这两个内容即可</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><-- model.js --></span><br><span class="line">require("./tools/conn_mongodb");</span><br><span class="line">const student = require("./modules/student");</span><br><span class="line">student.find({}, function (err, docs){</span><br><span class="line"> console.log(docs);</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h1>三、案例分析</h1><h2 id="1-向数据库中添加20000条数据">1.向数据库中添加20000条数据</h2><h3 id="1-普通方法">(1).普通方法</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>将数据库插入操作放入循环中，<strong style="color:red">性能极差，耗时长</strong></p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for(let i = 1; i <= 20000; i++){</span><br><span class="line"> db.numbers.insert({num:i})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="2-优化方法">(2).优化方法</h3><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>先循环将20000条数据添加到数组中，再将这个数组插入到数据库的集合中，<strong style="color:red">性能好，耗时短，推荐</strong></p></li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">let arr = [];</span><br><span class="line">for(let i = 1; i <= 20000; i++){</span><br><span class="line"> arr.push({num : i})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">db.numbers.insert(arr);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div><footer class="post-footer"><div class="my_post_copyright"><script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/clipboard.js/1.5.10/clipboard.min.js"></script><script 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