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content="保持独立思考，不卑不亢不怂，长成自己想要的样子！"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Wrysmile 的博客"></span><header class="post-header"><h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">学习笔记：数据库</h1><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2019-09-01 21:34:29" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-09-01T21:34:29+08:00">2019-09-01</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2023-01-31 18:23:56" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-01-31T18:23:56+08:00">2023-01-31</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">学习笔记</span></a> </span></span><span id="/Learn-Date.html" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="学习笔记：数据库" title="阅读次数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span></span></div><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-file-word"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span> <span>805</span> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-clock"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span>1 分钟</span></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h1>介绍</h1><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2">本文主要记录在学习数据库课程时的一些笔记</li></ul><span id="more"></span><h1>一、基本概念</h1><h2 id="1-数据">1.数据</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>数据是数据库中存储的基本对象</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>描述事物的符号记录称为数据</p></li></ul><h2 id="2-数据的解释">2.数据的解释</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>是指对数据含义的说明，<font color="#FF0000">数据的含义称为数据的语义，数据与其语义是不可分的</font></p></li></ul><h2 id="3-记录">3.记录</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>将所需要描述的信息组织在一起，构成一个记录</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>记录是计算机中表示和存储数据的一种格式或方法</p></li></ul><h2 id="4-数据库">4.数据库</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>数据库是长期储存在计算机内、有组织的、可共享的大量数据的集合。数据库中的数据按一定的数据模型组织、描述和储存，具有较小的冗余度、较高的数据独立性和易扩展性，并可为各种用户共享</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>数据库数据具有永久存储、有组织和可共享三个基本特点</p></li></ul><h2 id="5-数据库管理系统">5.数据库管理系统</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>位于用户与操作系统之间的一层数据管理软件，是计算机的基础软件，也是一个大型复杂的软件系统</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>主要功能：数据定义功能；数据组织、存储和管理；数据操纵功能；数据库的事务管理和运行管理；数据库的建立和维护功能；数据库管理系统与网络中其他软件系统的通信功能；一个数据库管理系统与另一个数据库管理系统或文件系统的数据转换功能；异构数据库之间的互访和互操作功能</p></li></ul><h2 id="6-数据库系统">6.数据库系统</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>是由数据库、数据库管理系统（及其应用开发工具）、应用程序和数据库管理员组成的存储、管理、处理和维护数据的系统</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>数据库系统简称为数据库</p></li></ul><h2 id="7-数据库系统的特点">7.数据库系统的特点</h2><ol><li class="lvl-3"><p>数据结构化：实现整体数据的的结构化（<font color="#ff0000">主要特征</font>），是数据库系统与文件系统的本质区别</p></li><li class="lvl-3"><p>数据的共享性高、冗余度低且易扩充：数据共享可以大大减少数据冗余，节省存储空间，避免数据之间的不相容性与不一致性</p></li><li class="lvl-3"><p>数据的独立性高：包括数据的物理独立性和逻辑独立性，是由数据库管理系统提供的二级映像功能来保证的</p></li><li class="lvl-3"><p>数据由数据库管理系统统一管理和控制</p></li></ol><h2 id="8-数据模型">8.数据模型</h2><ul class="lvl-0"><li class="lvl-2"><p>是对现实世界数据特征的抽象，是数据库系统的核心和基础</p></li><li class="lvl-2"><p>根据模型应用的不同目的，分为两类：一类是概念模型，一类是逻辑模型和物理模型</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>逻辑模型主要包括层次模型、网状模型、关系模型、面向对象数据模型和对象关系数据模型、半结构化数据模型</p></blockquote></div><footer class="post-footer"><div 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