diff --git a/src/ops/attention.cc b/src/ops/attention.cc
index 9c9c87bd56..584a84f503 100644
--- a/src/ops/attention.cc
+++ b/src/ops/attention.cc
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ bool MultiHeadAttention::measure_operator_cost(
     cost_metrics.outputs_memory +=
         cost_metrics.total_mem_diff_from(sim->offset);
 
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper(m,
                               query_ptr,
                               query_grad_ptr,
diff --git a/src/ops/batch_norm.cc b/src/ops/batch_norm.cc
index 4027313a20..03ef486e5f 100644
--- a/src/ops/batch_norm.cc
+++ b/src/ops/batch_norm.cc
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ bool BatchNorm::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
     cost_metrics.weights_memory +=
         cost_metrics.total_mem_diff_from(sim->offset);
 
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel(m,
                       input_ptr,
                       output_grad_ptr,
diff --git a/src/ops/concat.cc b/src/ops/concat.cc
index 2c86b80cb7..8014d1e145 100644
--- a/src/ops/concat.cc
+++ b/src/ops/concat.cc
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ bool Concat::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
       cost_metrics.backward_time = Simulator::MAXIMUM_TASK_RUN_TIME;
       return true;
     }
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper(
           m, output_grad_acc, input_grad_accs, numInputs, legion_axis);
     };
diff --git a/src/ops/dropout.cc b/src/ops/dropout.cc
index 55f6730827..e4021a404e 100644
--- a/src/ops/dropout.cc
+++ b/src/ops/dropout.cc
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ bool Dropout::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
     cost_metrics.outputs_memory +=
         cost_metrics.total_mem_diff_from(sim->offset);
 
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper(m, output_grad_ptr, input_grad_ptr);
     };
   }
diff --git a/src/ops/element_binary.cc b/src/ops/element_binary.cc
index b90e85588b..dfe60fcee8 100644
--- a/src/ops/element_binary.cc
+++ b/src/ops/element_binary.cc
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ bool ElementBinary::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
     cost_metrics.outputs_memory +=
         cost_metrics.total_mem_diff_from(sim->offset);
 
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper(m,
                               output_grad_ptr,
                               input1_ptr,
diff --git a/src/ops/element_unary.cc b/src/ops/element_unary.cc
index f99d9f7496..252f66b7e8 100644
--- a/src/ops/element_unary.cc
+++ b/src/ops/element_unary.cc
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ bool ElementUnary::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
     cost_metrics.outputs_memory +=
         cost_metrics.total_mem_diff_from(sim->offset);
 
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper(m,
                               input_ptr,
                               input_grad_ptr,
diff --git a/src/ops/flat.cc b/src/ops/flat.cc
index b5490ddc99..669c457709 100644
--- a/src/ops/flat.cc
+++ b/src/ops/flat.cc
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ bool Flat::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
 
     assert(output_grad_ptr != NULL);
     assert(input_grad_ptr != NULL);
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper(input_grad_ptr, output_grad_ptr, num_elements);
     };
   }
diff --git a/src/ops/layer_norm.cc b/src/ops/layer_norm.cc
index a6928e7d17..4ad7fb4447 100644
--- a/src/ops/layer_norm.cc
+++ b/src/ops/layer_norm.cc
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ bool LayerNorm::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
       return true;
     }
 
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper<float>(m,
                                      out_grad_ptr,
                                      in_ptr,
diff --git a/src/ops/linear.cc b/src/ops/linear.cc
index 75c51b41b9..4c9bb8dc51 100644
--- a/src/ops/linear.cc
+++ b/src/ops/linear.cc
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ bool Linear::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
       cost_metrics.backward_time = Simulator::MAXIMUM_TASK_RUN_TIME;
       return true;
     }
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper(m,
                               input_ptr,
                               input_grad_ptr,
diff --git a/src/ops/reduce.cc b/src/ops/reduce.cc
index 5761281686..e25d810c6c 100644
--- a/src/ops/reduce.cc
+++ b/src/ops/reduce.cc
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ bool Reduce::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
     GenericTensorAccessorR output_grad_acc(
         outputs[0]->data_type, sub_output.get_domain(), output_grad_ptr);
 
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper(m, output_grad_acc, input_grad_acc);
     };
   }
diff --git a/src/ops/reverse.cc b/src/ops/reverse.cc
index e78962f697..04c744f774 100644
--- a/src/ops/reverse.cc
+++ b/src/ops/reverse.cc
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ bool Reverse::measure_operator_cost(Simulator *sim,
     cost_metrics.outputs_memory +=
         cost_metrics.total_mem_diff_from(sim->offset);
 
-    backward = [&] {
+    backward = [=] {
       backward_kernel_wrapper(output_grad_ptr,
                               input_grad_ptr,
                               num_out_blks,