diff --git a/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/shader/Pipeline.java b/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/shader/Pipeline.java
index dd2ee5c8a..f574b8087 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/shader/Pipeline.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/shader/Pipeline.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import net.vulkanmod.vulkan.shader.descriptor.UBO;
 import net.vulkanmod.vulkan.shader.layout.AlignedStruct;
 import net.vulkanmod.vulkan.shader.layout.PushConstants;
+import net.vulkanmod.vulkan.texture.SamplerManager;
 import net.vulkanmod.vulkan.texture.VTextureSelector;
 import net.vulkanmod.vulkan.texture.VulkanImage;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
@@ -100,12 +101,13 @@ protected void createDescriptorSetLayout() {
                 uboLayoutBinding.stageFlags(ubo.getStages());
             }
 
+            final LongBuffer immutableSampler = stack.longs(SamplerManager.getTextureSampler((byte) 0)); //vertex stage samplers always use nearest Sampling
             for (ImageDescriptor imageDescriptor : this.imageDescriptors) {
                 VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding samplerLayoutBinding = bindings.get(imageDescriptor.getBinding());
                 samplerLayoutBinding.binding(imageDescriptor.getBinding());
                 samplerLayoutBinding.descriptorCount(1);
                 samplerLayoutBinding.descriptorType(imageDescriptor.getType());
-                samplerLayoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers(null);
+                samplerLayoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers(imageDescriptor.getStages()==VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT ? immutableSampler : null);
                 samplerLayoutBinding.stageFlags(imageDescriptor.getStages());
             }
 
@@ -670,7 +672,7 @@ public static int getStageFromString(String s) {
             return switch (s) {
                 case "vertex" -> VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
                 case "fragment" -> VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
-                case "all" -> VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS;
+                case "all" -> VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT; //VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS includes tessellation/geometry stages, which are unused
                 case "compute" -> VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
 
                 default -> throw new RuntimeException("cannot identify type..");
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/shader/descriptor/ImageDescriptor.java b/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/shader/descriptor/ImageDescriptor.java
index 40ad7b070..43cae4b7f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/shader/descriptor/ImageDescriptor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/shader/descriptor/ImageDescriptor.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package net.vulkanmod.vulkan.shader.descriptor;
 
+import net.vulkanmod.vulkan.shader.Pipeline;
 import net.vulkanmod.vulkan.texture.VTextureSelector;
 import net.vulkanmod.vulkan.texture.VulkanImage;
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ public class ImageDescriptor implements Descriptor {
     public final int imageIdx;
 
     public final boolean isStorageImage;
+    private final int stage;
     public boolean useSampler;
     public boolean isReadOnlyLayout;
     private int layout;
@@ -24,12 +26,19 @@ public ImageDescriptor(int binding, String type, String name, int imageIdx) {
     }
 
     public ImageDescriptor(int binding, String type, String name, int imageIdx, boolean isStorageImage) {
+        final int stage1 = switch (name) {
+            case "Sampler0", "DiffuseSampler", "SamplerProj" -> VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
+            case "Sampler1", "Sampler2" -> VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
+            default -> VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
+        };
+
         this.binding = binding;
         this.qualifier = type;
         this.name = name;
         this.isStorageImage = isStorageImage;
         this.useSampler = !isStorageImage;
         this.imageIdx = imageIdx;
+        this.stage = stage1;
 
         descriptorType = isStorageImage ? VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE : VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
         setLayout(isStorageImage ? VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL : VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
@@ -47,7 +56,7 @@ public int getType() {
 
     @Override
     public int getStages() {
-        return VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS | VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
+        return stage;
     }
 
     public void setLayout(int layout) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/texture/VTextureSelector.java b/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/texture/VTextureSelector.java
index 0b3903d7f..2c7ac86bb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/texture/VTextureSelector.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/vulkanmod/vulkan/texture/VTextureSelector.java
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public static void uploadSubTexture(int mipLevel, int width, int height, int xOf
     public static int getTextureIdx(String name) {
         return switch (name) {
             case "Sampler0", "DiffuseSampler" -> 0;
-            case "Sampler1" -> 1;
+            case "Sampler1", "SamplerProj" -> 1;
             case "Sampler2" -> 2;
             case "Sampler3" -> 3;
             case "Sampler4" -> 4;
diff --git a/src/main/resources/assets/vulkanmod/shaders/minecraft/core/rendertype_end_portal/rendertype_end_portal.json b/src/main/resources/assets/vulkanmod/shaders/minecraft/core/rendertype_end_portal/rendertype_end_portal.json
index 8854d96e4..6a971c82b 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/assets/vulkanmod/shaders/minecraft/core/rendertype_end_portal/rendertype_end_portal.json
+++ b/src/main/resources/assets/vulkanmod/shaders/minecraft/core/rendertype_end_portal/rendertype_end_portal.json
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     "attributes": [],
     "samplers": [
         { "name": "Sampler0" },
-        { "name": "Sampler1" }
+        { "name": "SamplerProj" }
     ],
     "uniforms": [
         { "name": "GameTime", "type": "float", "count": 1, "values": [ 0.0 ] },