diff --git a/crates/rspack_plugin_javascript/src/dependency/esm/provide_dependency.rs b/crates/rspack_plugin_javascript/src/dependency/esm/provide_dependency.rs
index 65fad19679c..8ceacb6f463 100644
--- a/crates/rspack_plugin_javascript/src/dependency/esm/provide_dependency.rs
+++ b/crates/rspack_plugin_javascript/src/dependency/esm/provide_dependency.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ impl DependencyTemplate for ProvideDependency {
     } = code_generatable_context;
     let module_graph = compilation.get_module_graph();
     let Some(con) = module_graph.connection_by_dependency(&self.id) else {
-      unreachable!();
+      // not find connection, maybe because it's not resolved in make phase, and `bail` is false
+      return;
     };
     let exports_info = module_graph.get_exports_info(con.module_identifier());
     let used_name =
diff --git a/packages/rspack-test-tools/tests/configCases/builtins/provide-not-resolved/errors.js b/packages/rspack-test-tools/tests/configCases/builtins/provide-not-resolved/errors.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..86e9297b88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rspack-test-tools/tests/configCases/builtins/provide-not-resolved/errors.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module.exports = [
+	/Can't resolve 'not-exist'/
+]
diff --git a/packages/rspack-test-tools/tests/configCases/builtins/provide-not-resolved/index.js b/packages/rspack-test-tools/tests/configCases/builtins/provide-not-resolved/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7e79053af59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rspack-test-tools/tests/configCases/builtins/provide-not-resolved/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+try {
+	foo;
+} catch (_) {
+
+}
diff --git a/packages/rspack-test-tools/tests/configCases/builtins/provide-not-resolved/rspack.config.js b/packages/rspack-test-tools/tests/configCases/builtins/provide-not-resolved/rspack.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce4c39f1c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rspack-test-tools/tests/configCases/builtins/provide-not-resolved/rspack.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+const { rspack } = require("@rspack/core");
+
+/** @type {import("@rspack/core").Configuration} */
+module.exports = {
+	entry: {
+		main: ["./index.js"]
+	},
+	plugins: [
+		new rspack.ProvidePlugin({
+			foo: "not-exist",
+		})
+	],
+};