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GraphIK

GraphIK is a library for solving inverse kinematics problems by modelling robots as geometric graphs and using concepts from distance geometry.

Dependencies

GraphIK is implemented in Python 3. See setup.py for a full list of dependencies.

Usage

Use of GraphIK can be summarized by four key steps, which we'll walk through below (see the scripts in experiments/ for more details).

1. Load a Robot

In this example, we'll parse a URDF file describing a Schunk LWA4P manipulator.

from graphik.utils.roboturdf import load_schunk_lwa4d
robot, graph = load_schunk_lwa4d()

GraphIK's interface between robot models and IK solvers is the abstract ProblemGraph class. For the LWA4P, we'll use ProblemGraphRevolute, a subclass of ProblemGraph that can represent 3D robots with revolute joints.

2. Instantiate a ProblemGraph Object with Obstacles

If you are considering an environment with spherical obstacles, you can include constraints that prevent collisions. In this example, we will use a set of spheres that approximate a table:

from graphik.utils.utils import table_environment
obstacles = table_environment()
# This loop is not needed if you are not using obstacle avoidance constraints 
for idx, obs in enumerate(obstacles):
    graph.add_spherical_obstacle(f"o{idx}", obs[0], obs[1])

3. Specify a Goal Pose

Interfaces to our solvers require a goal pose defined by the liegroups library. For this simple example, using the robot's forward kinematics is the fastest way to get a sample goal pose:

q_goal = robot.random_configuration()
T_goal = robot.pose(q_goal, f"p{robot.n}")

4. Solve the IK Problem

The main purpose of our graphical interpretation of robot kinematics is to develop distance-geometric IK solvers. One example is the Riemannian optimization-based solver implemented in RiemannianSolver.

from graphik.solvers.riemannian_solver import solve_with_riemannian
q_sol, solution_points = solve_with_riemannian(graph, T_goal, jit=False)  # Returns None if infeasible or didn't solve

For faster computation, precompile costs and gradients using numba by running python costs.py in graphik/solvers/.

For a similar example using CIDGIK, a convex optimization-based approach, please see experiments/cidgik_example.py.

Publications and Related Work

If you use any of this code in your research work, please kindly cite the relevant publications listed here.

Riemannian Optimization

IEEE Transactions on Robotics: Riemannian Optimization for Distance-Geometric Inverse Kinematics

@article{marić2022riemannian,
  author = {Filip Mari\'{c} and Matthew Giamou and Adam W. Hall and Soroush Khoubyarian and Ivan Petrović and Jonathan Kelly},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Robotics},
  month = {June},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1703--1722},
  title = {Riemannian Optimization for Distance-Geometric Inverse Kinematics},
  volume = {38},
  year = {2022}
}

arXiv: Riemannian Optimization for Distance-Geometric Inverse Kinematics

@misc{marić2021riemannian_arxiv,
  author={Filip Marić and Matthew Giamou and Adam W. Hall and Soroush Khoubyarian and Ivan Petrović and Jonathan Kelly},
  title={Riemannian Optimization for Distance-Geometric Inverse Kinematics}, 
  year={2021},
  eprint={2108.13720},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.RO}
}

arXiv: Inverse Kinematics as Low-Rank Euclidean Distance Matrix Completion

Semidefinite Programming (SDP) Relaxations

CIDGIK

IEEE Robotics & Automation Letters: Convex Iteration for Distance-Geometric Inverse Kinematics

@article{giamou2022convex,
  author = {Matthew Giamou and Filip Marić and David M. Rosen and Valentin Peretroukhin and Nicholas Roy and Ivan Petrović and Jonathan Kelly},
  journal = {{IEEE} Robotics and Automation Letters},
  month = {April},
  number = {2},
  pages = {1952--1959},
  title = {Convex Iteration for Distance-Geometric Inverse Kinematics},
  volume = {7},
  year = {2022}
}

arXiv: Convex Iteration for Distance-Geometric Inverse Kinematics

@misc{giamou2022convex_arxiv,
  author={Matthew Giamou and Filip Marić and David M. Rosen and Valentin Peretroukhin and Nicholas Roy and Ivan Petrović and Jonathan Kelly},
  title={Convex Iteration for Distance-Geometric Inverse Kinematics}, 
  year={2022},
  eprint={2109.03374},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.RO}
}

Sparse Sum-of-Squares Optimization for Planar and Spherical IK

IEEE ICRA 2020: Inverse Kinematics for Serial Kinematic Chains via Sum of Squares Optimization

@inproceedings{marić2020inverse,
  address = {Paris, France},
  author = {Filip Marić and Matthew Giamou and Soroush Khoubyarian and Ivan Petrović and Jonathan Kelly},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} International Conference on Robotics and Automation {(ICRA})},
  pages = {7101--7107},
  title = {Inverse Kinematics for Serial Kinematic Chains via Sum of Squares Optimization},
  year = {2020}
}

arXiv: Inverse Kinematics for Serial Kinematic Chains via Sum of Squares Optimization

@misc{marić2022convex_arxiv,
  author={Filip Marić and {Matthew Giamou and Soroush Khoubyarian and Ivan Petrović and Jonathan Kelly},
  title={Inverse Kinematics for Serial Kinematic Chains via Sum of Squares Optimization}, 
  year={2020},
  eprint={1909.09318},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.RO}
}

MATLAB Code: https://github.com/utiasSTARS/sos-ik