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1258. 近义词句子

English Version

题目描述

给你一个近义词表 synonyms 和一个句子 text ， synonyms 表中是一些近义词对 ，你可以将句子 text 中每个单词用它的近义词来替换。

请你找出所有用近义词替换后的句子，按 字典序排序 后返回。

 

示例 1：

输入：
synonyms = [["happy","joy"],["sad","sorrow"],["joy","cheerful"]],
text = "I am happy today but was sad yesterday"
输出：
["I am cheerful today but was sad yesterday",
"I am cheerful today but was sorrow yesterday",
"I am happy today but was sad yesterday",
"I am happy today but was sorrow yesterday",
"I am joy today but was sad yesterday",
"I am joy today but was sorrow yesterday"]

 

提示：

  • 0 <= synonyms.length <= 10
  • synonyms[i].length == 2
  • synonyms[0] != synonyms[1]
  • 所有单词仅包含英文字母，且长度最多为 10 。
  • text 最多包含 10 个单词，且单词间用单个空格分隔开。

解法

方法一：并查集 + DFS

我们可以发现，题目中的近义词是可以传递的，即如果 a 和 b 是近义词，b 和 c 是近义词，那么 a 和 c 也是近义词。因此，我们可以用并查集找出近义词的连通分量，每个连通分量中的单词都是近义词，并且按字典序从小到大排列。

接下来，我们将字符串 text 按空格分割成单词数组 sentence，对于每个单词 sentence[i]，如果它是近义词，那么我们就将它替换成连通分量中的所有单词，否则不替换。这样，我们就可以得到所有的句子。这可以通过 DFS 搜索实现。

我们设计一个函数 $dfs(i)$，表示从 sentence 的第 $i$ 个单词开始，将其替换成连通分量中的所有单词，然后递归地处理后面的单词。

如果 $i$ 大于等于 sentence 的长度，那么说明我们已经处理完了所有的单词，此时将当前的句子加入答案数组中。否则，如果 sentence[i] 不是近义词，那么我们不替换它，直接将它加入当前的句子中，然后递归地处理后面的单词。否则，我们将 sentence[i] 替换成连通分量中的所有单词，同样递归地处理后面的单词。

最后，返回答案数组即可。

时间复杂度 $O(n^2)$，空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是单词的数量。

Python3

class UnionFind:
    def __init__(self, n):
        self.p = list(range(n))
        self.size = [1] * n

    def find(self, x):
        if self.p[x] != x:
            self.p[x] = self.find(self.p[x])
        return self.p[x]

    def union(self, a, b):
        pa, pb = self.find(a), self.find(b)
        if pa != pb:
            if self.size[pa] > self.size[pb]:
                self.p[pb] = pa
                self.size[pa] += self.size[pb]
            else:
                self.p[pa] = pb
                self.size[pb] += self.size[pa]


class Solution:
    def generateSentences(self, synonyms: List[List[str]], text: str) -> List[str]:
        def dfs(i):
            if i >= len(sentence):
                ans.append(' '.join(t))
                return
            if sentence[i] not in d:
                t.append(sentence[i])
                dfs(i + 1)
                t.pop()
            else:
                root = uf.find(d[sentence[i]])
                for j in g[root]:
                    t.append(words[j])
                    dfs(i + 1)
                    t.pop()

        words = list(set(chain.from_iterable(synonyms)))
        d = {w: i for i, w in enumerate(words)}
        uf = UnionFind(len(d))
        for a, b in synonyms:
            uf.union(d[a], d[b])
        g = defaultdict(list)
        for i in range(len(words)):
            g[uf.find(i)].append(i)
        for k in g.keys():
            g[k].sort(key=lambda i: words[i])
        sentence = text.split()
        ans = []
        t = []
        dfs(0)
        return ans

Java

class UnionFind {
    private int[] p;
    private int[] size;

    public UnionFind(int n) {
        p = new int[n];
        size = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            p[i] = i;
            size[i] = 1;
        }
    }

    public int find(int x) {
        if (p[x] != x) {
            p[x] = find(p[x]);
        }
        return p[x];
    }

    public void union(int a, int b) {
        int pa = find(a), pb = find(b);
        if (pa != pb) {
            if (size[pa] > size[pb]) {
                p[pb] = pa;
                size[pa] += size[pb];
            } else {
                p[pa] = pb;
                size[pb] += size[pa];
            }
        }
    }
}

class Solution {
    private List<String> ans = new ArrayList<>();
    private List<String> t = new ArrayList<>();
    private List<String> words;
    private Map<String, Integer> d;
    private UnionFind uf;
    private List<Integer>[] g;
    private String[] sentence;

    public List<String> generateSentences(List<List<String>> synonyms, String text) {
        Set<String> ss = new HashSet<>();
        for (List<String> pairs : synonyms) {
            ss.addAll(pairs);
        }
        words = new ArrayList<>(ss);
        int n = words.size();
        d = new HashMap<>(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
            d.put(words.get(i), i);
        }
        uf = new UnionFind(n);
        for (List<String> pairs : synonyms) {
            uf.union(d.get(pairs.get(0)), d.get(pairs.get(1)));
        }
        g = new List[n];
        Arrays.setAll(g, k -> new ArrayList<>());
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            g[uf.find(i)].add(i);
        }
        for (List<Integer> e : g) {
            e.sort((i, j) -> words.get(i).compareTo(words.get(j)));
        }
        sentence = text.split(" ");
        dfs(0);
        return ans;
    }

    private void dfs(int i) {
        if (i >= sentence.length) {
            ans.add(String.join(" ", t));
            return;
        }
        if (!d.containsKey(sentence[i])) {
            t.add(sentence[i]);
            dfs(i + 1);
            t.remove(t.size() - 1);
        } else {
            for (int j : g[uf.find(d.get(sentence[i]))]) {
                t.add(words.get(j));
                dfs(i + 1);
                t.remove(t.size() - 1);
            }
        }
    }
}

C++

class UnionFind {
public:
    UnionFind(int n) {
        p = vector<int>(n);
        size = vector<int>(n, 1);
        iota(p.begin(), p.end(), 0);
    }

    void unite(int a, int b) {
        int pa = find(a), pb = find(b);
        if (pa != pb) {
            if (size[pa] > size[pb]) {
                p[pb] = pa;
                size[pa] += size[pb];
            } else {
                p[pa] = pb;
                size[pb] += size[pa];
            }
        }
    }

    int find(int x) {
        if (p[x] != x) {
            p[x] = find(p[x]);
        }
        return p[x];
    }

private:
    vector<int> p, size;
};

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> generateSentences(vector<vector<string>>& synonyms, string text) {
        unordered_set<string> ss;
        for (auto& pairs : synonyms) {
            ss.insert(pairs[0]);
            ss.insert(pairs[1]);
        }
        vector<string> words{ss.begin(), ss.end()};
        unordered_map<string, int> d;
        int n = words.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            d[words[i]] = i;
        }
        UnionFind uf(n);
        for (auto& pairs : synonyms) {
            uf.unite(d[pairs[0]], d[pairs[1]]);
        }
        vector<vector<int>> g(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            g[uf.find(i)].push_back(i);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            sort(g[i].begin(), g[i].end(), [&](int a, int b) {
                return words[a] < words[b];
            });
        }
        vector<string> sentence;
        string s;
        istringstream iss(text);
        while (iss >> s) {
            sentence.emplace_back(s);
        }
        vector<string> ans;
        vector<string> t;
        function<void(int)> dfs = [&](int i) {
            if (i >= sentence.size()) {
                string s;
                for (int j = 0; j < t.size(); ++j) {
                    if (j) {
                        s += " ";
                    }
                    s += t[j];
                }
                ans.emplace_back(s);
                return;
            }
            if (!d.count(sentence[i])) {
                t.emplace_back(sentence[i]);
                dfs(i + 1);
                t.pop_back();
            } else {
                for (int j : g[uf.find(d[sentence[i]])]) {
                    t.emplace_back(words[j]);
                    dfs(i + 1);
                    t.pop_back();
                }
            }
        };
        dfs(0);
        return ans;
    }
};

Go

type unionFind struct {
	p, size []int
}

func newUnionFind(n int) *unionFind {
	p := make([]int, n)
	size := make([]int, n)
	for i := range p {
		p[i] = i
		size[i] = 1
	}
	return &unionFind{p, size}
}

func (uf *unionFind) find(x int) int {
	if uf.p[x] != x {
		uf.p[x] = uf.find(uf.p[x])
	}
	return uf.p[x]
}

func (uf *unionFind) union(a, b int) {
	pa, pb := uf.find(a), uf.find(b)
	if pa != pb {
		if uf.size[pa] > uf.size[pb] {
			uf.p[pb] = pa
			uf.size[pa] += uf.size[pb]
		} else {
			uf.p[pa] = pb
			uf.size[pb] += uf.size[pa]
		}
	}
}

func generateSentences(synonyms [][]string, text string) (ans []string) {
	ss := map[string]bool{}
	for _, pairs := range synonyms {
		ss[pairs[0]] = true
		ss[pairs[1]] = true
	}
	words := []string{}
	for w := range ss {
		words = append(words, w)
	}
	d := map[string]int{}
	for i, w := range words {
		d[w] = i
	}
	uf := newUnionFind(len(words))
	for _, pairs := range synonyms {
		uf.union(d[pairs[0]], d[pairs[1]])
	}
	g := make([][]int, len(words))
	for i := range g {
		g[uf.find(i)] = append(g[uf.find(i)], i)
	}
	for i := range g {
		sort.Slice(g[i], func(a, b int) bool { return words[g[i][a]] < words[g[i][b]] })
	}
	t := []string{}
	sentences := strings.Split(text, " ")
	var dfs func(int)
	dfs = func(i int) {
		if i >= len(sentences) {
			ans = append(ans, strings.Join(t, " "))
			return
		}
		if _, ok := ss[sentences[i]]; !ok {
			t = append(t, sentences[i])
			dfs(i + 1)
			t = t[:len(t)-1]
			return
		} else {
			for _, j := range g[uf.find(d[sentences[i]])] {
				t = append(t, words[j])
				dfs(i + 1)
				t = t[:len(t)-1]
			}
		}
	}
	dfs(0)
	return
}

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