diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 6b1dbfa..b69cb21 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
         "v-click-outside": "^3.2.0",
         "vue": "^3.3.4",
         "vue-router": "^4.2.2",
-        "vue-window-size": "^2.0.0"
+        "vue-window-size": "^2.0.0",
+        "vuetify": "^3.3.23"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "@rushstack/eslint-patch": "^1.2.0",
@@ -4944,7 +4945,7 @@
       "version": "5.0.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.0.4.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-cW9T5W9xY37cc+jfEnaUvX91foxtHkza3Nw3wkoF4sSlKn0MONdkdEndig/qPBWXNkmplh3NzayQzCiHM4/hqw==",
-      "dev": true,
+      "devOptional": true,
       "bin": {
         "tsc": "bin/tsc",
         "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
@@ -5196,6 +5197,39 @@
         "vue": "^3.0 || ^2.7"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/vuetify": {
+      "version": "3.3.23",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vuetify/-/vuetify-3.3.23.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EVEFvDyKr/HK2+hQJyhQSjIDULDaBi9vfgAAB0ekm+2Tvc8AkaDwb7VK44R2eilGFGpju6iN52FV7Uasj8SmIg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^12.20 || >=14.13"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/johnleider"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "typescript": ">=4.7",
+        "vite-plugin-vuetify": "^1.0.0-alpha.12",
+        "vue": "^3.2.0",
+        "vue-i18n": "^9.0.0",
+        "webpack-plugin-vuetify": "^2.0.0-alpha.11"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "typescript": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "vite-plugin-vuetify": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "vue-i18n": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "webpack-plugin-vuetify": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/which": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which/-/which-2.0.2.tgz",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 3d72091..649be63 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
     "v-click-outside": "^3.2.0",
     "vue": "^3.3.4",
     "vue-router": "^4.2.2",
-    "vue-window-size": "^2.0.0"
+    "vue-window-size": "^2.0.0",
+    "vuetify": "^3.3.23"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@rushstack/eslint-patch": "^1.2.0",
diff --git a/src/assets/dna_mobile.png b/src/assets/dna_mobile.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5026d23
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/assets/dna_mobile.png differ
diff --git a/src/assets/thiolation.png b/src/assets/thiolation.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dad9f6f
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/assets/thiolation.png differ
diff --git a/src/components/CustomTable2.vue b/src/components/CustomTable2.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5e5979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/CustomTable2.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+defineProps<{
+  tableData: {
+    headers: string[]
+    rowHeaders: string[]
+    rowsPerRowHeader: number
+    data: any[][]
+  }
+}>()
+
+const border = 'border-notebookText'
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <table class="table-fixed border-collapse lg:w-full">
+    <tr class="bg-slate">
+      <th
+        v-for="(header, i) in tableData.headers"
+        :key="i"
+        :class="'w-1/' + tableData.headers.length"
+        class="py-2 px-4 text-sm lg:text-base"
+      >
+        {{ header }}
+      </th>
+    </tr>
+    <tbody class="bg-[#303030]">
+      <tr v-for="(row, i) in tableData.data" :key="i">
+        <th
+          v-if="i % tableData.rowsPerRowHeader == 0"
+          :rowspan="tableData.rowsPerRowHeader"
+          class="text-sm lg:text-base"
+        >
+          {{ tableData.rowHeaders[i / tableData.rowsPerRowHeader] }}
+        </th>
+        <td v-for="(item, j) in row" :key="j" class="py-4 px-2 lg:text-lg">{{ item }}</td>
+      </tr>
+    </tbody>
+  </table>
+</template>
diff --git a/src/components/Equation.vue b/src/components/Equation.vue
index 87b1bce..0b027b8 100644
--- a/src/components/Equation.vue
+++ b/src/components/Equation.vue
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ onMounted(() => {
 </script>
 <template>
   <div
-    class="w-full overflow-x-scroll bg-transparent invisible-scroller text-center"
     ref="containerRef"
+    class="w-full overflow-x-scroll bg-transparent invisible-scroller text-center"
   ></div>
 </template>
 <!-- 
diff --git a/src/components/Timeline.vue b/src/components/Timeline.vue
index 6b4c19a..c3afd6a 100644
--- a/src/components/Timeline.vue
+++ b/src/components/Timeline.vue
@@ -1 +1,137 @@
-<script setup lang="ts"></script>
+<template>
+  <v-timeline :side="$windowWidth < 768 ? 'end' : undefined">
+    <v-timeline-item dot-color="#E2B764" size="small" fill-dot>
+      <v-card>
+        <v-card-title class="bg-gold">
+          <h2 class="text-subtitle font-semibold text-slate">April</h2>
+        </v-card-title>
+        <v-card-text class="bg-[#303030] text-white">
+          <ul class="list-dic pl-2">
+            <li>
+              Research and protocol development for liposome formation, enzyme activity and enzyme
+              conjugation
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              Beginning of de novo structure design of Trigonal and Pentagonal Bipyrimidal DNA
+              Origami shapes
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              Replication of the design of the scaffold and staple strands of the Octahedron
+              structure in Cadnano
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </v-card-text>
+      </v-card>
+    </v-timeline-item>
+
+    <v-timeline-item dot-color="#E2B764" size="small" fill-dot>
+      <v-card>
+        <v-card-title class="bg-gold justify-end">
+          <h2 class="me-4 text-subtitle font-semibold text-slate">May</h2>
+        </v-card-title>
+        <v-card-text class="bg-[#303030] text-white">
+          <ul class="list-dic pl-2">
+            <li>Simulation of the formation stability of Octahedron using CanDO</li>
+            <li>
+              Finalization of the enzyme conjugation protocols and ordering of required reagents
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              Carrying out enzyme docking simulations to pick an enzyme to test conjugation with
+              liposome
+            </li>
+            <li>Implementation of Trigonal and Pentagonal Bipyramid into Cadnano</li>
+          </ul>
+        </v-card-text>
+      </v-card>
+    </v-timeline-item>
+
+    <v-timeline-item dot-color="#E2B764" size="small" fill-dot>
+      <v-card>
+        <v-card-title class="bg-gold">
+          <h2 class="text-subtitle font-semibold text-slate">June</h2>
+        </v-card-title>
+        <v-card-text class="bg-[#303030] text-white">
+          <ul class="list-dic pl-2">
+            <li>
+              Ordering of p7308 scaffold and staple strand sequences for octahedron structure to
+              test in lab
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              Performing activity assays on chosen enzyme (DNAseI) in different buffer components
+              required for conjugation (via thiolation)
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </v-card-text>
+      </v-card>
+    </v-timeline-item>
+
+    <v-timeline-item dot-color="#E2B764" size="small" fill-dot>
+      <v-card>
+        <v-card-title class="bg-gold justify-end">
+          <h2 class="me-4 text-subtitle font-semibold text-slate">July</h2>
+        </v-card-title>
+        <v-card-text class="bg-[#303030] text-white">
+          <ul class="list-dic pl-2">
+            <li>Testing of different methods to produce liposomes within 100 d.nm</li>
+            <li>
+              Optimize production of octahedron by testing different ratios of scaffold: staples
+            </li>
+            <li>Finalize Cadnano designs of Trigonal and Pentagonal structures</li>
+          </ul>
+        </v-card-text>
+      </v-card>
+    </v-timeline-item>
+
+    <v-timeline-item dot-color="#E2B764" size="small" fill-dot>
+      <v-card>
+        <v-card-title class="bg-gold">
+          <h2 class="text-subtitle font-semibold text-slate">August</h2>
+        </v-card-title>
+        <v-card-text class="bg-[#303030] text-white">
+          <ul class="list-dic pl-2">
+            <li>Produce liposomes with and without maleimide linkages</li>
+            <li>
+              Test methods of thiolating DNase I in lab performing PicoGreen activity assays to
+              verify enzyme function
+            </li>
+            <li>Run CanDo simulations on trigonal and pentagonal bipyramid structures</li>
+          </ul>
+        </v-card-text>
+      </v-card>
+    </v-timeline-item>
+
+    <v-timeline-item dot-color="#E2B764" size="small" fill-dot>
+      <v-card>
+        <v-card-title class="bg-gold justify-end">
+          <h2 class="me-4 text-subtitle font-semibold text-slate">September</h2>
+        </v-card-title>
+        <v-card-text class="bg-[#303030] text-white">
+          <ul class="list-dic pl-2">
+            <li>
+              Attempt to prepare Octahedron samples for visualization through atomic force
+              microscopy (AFM)
+            </li>
+            <li>Purify thiolated DNase I and attempt conjugation with maleimide-liposomes</li>
+            <li>If resources availible, form liposome using octahedron structure</li>
+          </ul>
+        </v-card-text>
+      </v-card>
+    </v-timeline-item>
+
+    <v-timeline-item dot-color="#E2B764" size="small" fill-dot>
+      <v-card>
+        <v-card-title class="bg-gold">
+          <h2 class="text-subtitle font-semibold text-slate">October</h2>
+        </v-card-title>
+        <v-card-text class="bg-[#303030] text-white">
+          <ul class="list-dic pl-2">
+            <li>Troubleshooting for enzyme thiolation and/or conjugation</li>
+            <li>
+              Finalization of data analysis of results and completion of writeups for competiion
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </v-card-text>
+      </v-card>
+    </v-timeline-item>
+  </v-timeline>
+</template>
diff --git a/src/main.ts b/src/main.ts
index bd4e76b..1cd794f 100644
--- a/src/main.ts
+++ b/src/main.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@ import {
 } from 'oh-vue-icons/icons'
 import { VueWindowSizePlugin } from 'vue-window-size/plugin'
 import vClickOutside from 'v-click-outside'
+import { createVuetify } from 'vuetify'
+import * as components from 'vuetify/components'
+
+const vuetify = createVuetify({
+  components
+})
 
 addIcons(HiSolidArrowSmLeft, HiSolidArrowSmRight, RiArrowDropRightLine, RiArrowDropLeftLine, RiTeamFill)
 
@@ -30,6 +36,7 @@ app.directive('click-outside', {
   }
 })
 app.use(router)
+app.use(vuetify)
 app.use(VueWindowSizePlugin)
 app.component('VIcon', OhVueIcon)
 
diff --git a/src/views/IdeasView.vue b/src/views/IdeasView.vue
index 805fc7d..cb5ed93 100644
--- a/src/views/IdeasView.vue
+++ b/src/views/IdeasView.vue
@@ -1,239 +1,748 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import IdeaCard from '@/components/IdeaCard.vue'
+import Timeline from '@/components/Timeline.vue'
+import CustomTable2 from '@/components/CustomTable2.vue'
+import SingleColumn from '@/components/lab-notebook/SingleColumn.vue'
+
+const tableData = {
+  headers: ['Enzyme', 'Biofilm Component Targeted', 'Optimal pH', 'Size'],
+  rowHeaders: [
+    'DNase I (specifically bovine pancreatic DNaseI)',
+    'Alginate-Lyase (specifically Alg17C)',
+    'Alpha-Amylase (specifically pancreatic α-amylase)'
+  ],
+  rowsPerRowHeader: 1,
+  data: [
+    [
+      'Hydrolyzes both single-and double-stranded DNA in extracellular matrices and on the surface of bacterial cells (Yin et al., 2022). In biofilms, eDNA is critical for early adhesion and formation of biofilms (Nijland et al., 2010).',
+      '~6.5 (Kishi et al., 2001)',
+      '4.5x4x3.5nm 63nm3 (Chen, 2006)'
+    ],
+    [
+      'Cleaves β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in Alginate (Zhu & Yin, 2015). Alginate is an exopolysaccharide often produced in the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms that has structural and protective functions in the biofilm (Colvin et al., 2011).',
+      '~6 (Kim et al., 2012)',
+      'Various sizes (Zhu & Yin, 2015)'
+    ],
+    [
+      'Degrades α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of various starches (Lahiri et al., 2021). Starches are the substrate for amylase, a polysaccharide of amylose and amylopectin, commonly found in biofilm matrices (Lahiri et al., 2021).',
+      '~7(Sky-peck & Thuvasethakul, 1977)',
+      '7x11.4x11.8nm 941(nm3) (Larson et al., 2011)'
+    ]
+  ]
+}
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <div class="flex flex-col h-screen overflow-y-auto">
-    <NavBar />
+  <div
+    class="flex flex-col bg-[url('../assets/dna_mobile.png')] md:bg-[url('../assets/sponsors/dna.png')] bg-repeat-round bg-contain bg-[center_top_58%] lg:bg-[center_top_65%]"
+  >
+    <div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-y-20">
+      <main class="pt-2 flex flex-col items-center mt-40">
+        <h1 class="text-gold font-title text-title text-center">Project Ideas</h1>
+        <p class="text-subtitle-sm lg:text-subtitle w-3/4 lg:w-1/2 text-center">
+          This project focuses on addressing the challenges posed by bacterial biofilms, structures
+          that play a significant role in infectious diseases and are highly resistant to
+          conventional antibiotic treatments. Follow along to see what factors played a role in our
+          decisions.
+        </p>
+      </main>
 
-    <main class="pt-2 flex flex-col items-center">
-      <h1 class="text-gold font-title text-title">Project Ideas</h1>
-      <p class="text-center">
-        Our project is always of our team's interest. Follow along to see how we incorperated our
-        intersts into this year's project.
-      </p>
-    </main>
+      <div class="px-4 flex justify-center w-full lg:w-auto space-x-10 overflow-x-scroll">
+        <a href="#relevance" class="hover:opacity-100">
+          <IdeaCard class="flex-grow">
+            <template #svg>
+              <svg
+                class="stroke-gold group-hover:stroke-white w-[100px] h-[100px] stroke-[0.9px] transition-all duration-200"
+                width="62"
+                height="101"
+                viewBox="0 0 62 101"
+                fill="none"
+                xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+              >
+                <path
+                  d="M43.8279 94.6792L44.0263 95.1382L43.8279 94.6792ZM32.0084 99.7897L32.2068 100.249L32.0084 99.7897ZM29.9916 99.7897L29.7931 100.249H29.7931L29.9916 99.7897ZM18.1721 94.6792L17.9737 95.1382L18.1721 94.6792ZM43.9878 74.9467L43.6731 75.3352L43.9878 74.9467ZM26.2641 80.3578C25.988 80.3578 25.7641 80.5817 25.7641 80.8578C25.7641 81.134 25.988 81.3578 26.2641 81.3578V80.3578ZM22.771 85.5367C23.0472 85.5367 23.271 85.3129 23.271 85.0367C23.271 84.7606 23.0472 84.5367 22.771 84.5367V85.5367ZM31.2127 88.7119C30.9366 88.7119 30.7127 88.9357 30.7127 89.2119C30.7127 89.488 30.9366 89.7119 31.2127 89.7119V88.7119ZM32.7066 23.1172C32.9828 23.1172 33.2066 22.8933 33.2066 22.6172C33.2066 22.341 32.9828 22.1172 32.7066 22.1172V23.1172ZM32.5148 72.8379C32.5148 73.114 32.7387 73.3379 33.0148 73.3379C33.2909 73.3379 33.5148 73.114 33.5148 72.8379H32.5148ZM33.0148 50.5786L33.0124 50.0786L33.0148 50.5786ZM33.0148 44.752L33.0124 45.252L33.0148 44.752ZM33.0148 39.5112L33.0182 40.0112L33.0148 39.5112ZM33.0148 61.6463H33.5148C33.5148 61.3702 33.2909 61.1463 33.0148 61.1463V61.6463ZM1.5 29.6987C1.5 14.1457 14.6865 1.5 31 1.5V0.5C14.1764 0.5 0.5 13.552 0.5 29.6987H1.5ZM31 1.5C47.3135 1.5 60.5 14.1457 60.5 29.6987H61.5C61.5 13.552 47.8236 0.5 31 0.5V1.5ZM12.3557 55.8526C12.3557 50.8969 9.53307 46.896 6.84193 42.9193C4.11998 38.8971 1.5 34.8646 1.5 29.6987H0.5C0.5 35.2105 3.30786 39.4813 6.01375 43.4798C8.75045 47.5238 11.3557 51.261 11.3557 55.8526H12.3557ZM60.5 29.6987C60.5 34.8665 57.8779 38.9856 55.1566 43.0497C52.4692 47.0633 49.6442 51.0674 49.6442 55.8526H50.6442C50.6442 51.4327 53.2472 47.6987 55.9876 43.6061C58.6942 39.5639 61.5 35.2086 61.5 29.6987H60.5ZM43.6294 94.2203L31.81 99.3308L32.2068 100.249L44.0263 95.1382L43.6294 94.2203ZM30.19 99.3308L18.3705 94.2203L17.9737 95.1382L29.7931 100.249L30.19 99.3308ZM31.81 99.3308C31.2881 99.5564 30.7118 99.5564 30.19 99.3308L29.7931 100.249C30.5682 100.584 31.4317 100.584 32.2068 100.249L31.81 99.3308ZM15.9064 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+                />
+              </svg>
+            </template>
+            <template #text> Relevance </template>
+          </IdeaCard>
+        </a>
 
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+        <a href="#merit" class="hover:opacity-100">
+          <IdeaCard class="flex-grow">
+            <template #svg>
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+                fill="none"
+                xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+              >
+                <path
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+            </template>
 
-          <template #text> Relevance </template>
-        </IdeaCard>
+            <template #text> Merit </template>
+          </IdeaCard>
+        </a>
 
-        <IdeaCard class="flex-grow">
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+                <path d="M44.625 35.5833L64.4583 35.5833" stroke-linecap="round" />
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-          <template #text> Merit </template>
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+        <a href="#design" class="hover:opacity-100">
+          <IdeaCard class="flex-grow">
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-    <div class="flex flex-col items-center mt-6">
-      <div class="font-title text-title text-white text-5xl">Relevance</div>
+    <div class="px-4 lg:px-40">
+      <div>
+        <div class="mt-60"></div>
+        <div class="flex flex-col items-center">
+          <h1 id="relevance" class="font-title text-title-sm lg:text-title text-white">
+            Relevance
+          </h1>
+          <div>
+            <div class="bg-dark p-4 rounded-3xl mt-4">
+              <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">Bacterial Biofilms</h2>
+              <p class="p-4">
+                A bacterial biofilm is a structure of bacteria embedded within a self-produced
+                matrix of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA that often play roles in the
+                pathogenicity of infectious diseases due to increased resistance to immune responses
+                and antimicrobial therapy (Vetsby et al., 2020). The presence of bacterial biofilms
+                has been associated with several severe health complications for humans. For
+                example, cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition in which mucus builds up in the body
+                and can induce the growth of pathogenic bacterial biofilms. Bacterial biofilms of
+                Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are two
+                common bacterial biofilms that have also been isolated in patients diagnosed with
+                cystic fibrosis and are credited for damaging lung tissue by causing chronic
+                inflammation (Høiby et al., 2010) and pulmonary infections (Esposito et al., 2019).
+                Bacterial biofilms, particularly of various Staphylococci, have also been frequently
+                discovered on medical devices and in hospital environments, and can be detrimentally
+                transferred to patients as they are resistant to both chemical and physical
+                antibacterial sterilization measures, highlighting the need for more efficient and
+                effective therapeutic treatments for bacterial biofilm infections (Zheng et al.,
+                2018).
+              </p>
+              <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">Conventional Therapies</h2>
+              <p class="p-4">
+                Antibiotic treatments for bacterial biofilm infections in humans involve introducing
+                drugs that will inhibit the life processes of bacteria. Currently, biofilm
+                infections in patients are primarily treated by antibiotics either inhaled,
+                ingested, or injected into the body via the bloodstream (Manos, 2021). However,
+                there are several concerns with current practices including:
+              </p>
+              <ul class="list-disc pl-10">
+                <li>
+                  Inability of antibiotics to penetrate biofilms and organ tissues, such as
+                  requiring specific particle or droplet sizes to reach certain airways of the lungs
+                  (Høiby, 2011)
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  Historically, biofilms such as S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infections often occur
+                  concurrently, so patients receive multiple antibiotic treatments simultaneously
+                  that may adversely react and potentially pose toxicity hazards in the bloodstream
+                  (Esposito et al., 2019)
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  Concerns about biofilm antibiotic tolerance and mutational resistance undermining
+                  the ability of antibiotic treatments to eradicate biofilms on their own
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+              <p class="p-4">
+                Physical therapy to remove bacterial colonies in patients by expelling mucus from
+                airways, which is commonly infected by biofilms, is often used conjointly with
+                antibiotics. Treatments include postural drainage, percussion therapy, forced
+                expiratory methods, and breathing techniques (Manos, 2021). Limitations include:
+              </p>
+              <ul class="list-disc pl-10">
+                <li>
+                  Inconclusive findings of the effectiveness of physical therapy, particularly if
+                  not performed correctly (Manos, 2021)
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  Not recommended for use on children, and some methods are physically intensive
+                  (Manos, 2021)
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  Does not directly address bacterial infections so are not suitable as the sole
+                  treatment (Manos, 2021)
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+              <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">Scientific Interest</h2>
+              <p class="p-4">
+                To circumnavigate the challenges of antibiotics penetrating biofilms, some emerging
+                research focuses on the prospective use of materials, such as enzymes, capable of
+                disrupting biofilm matrices in conjunction with antibiotics (Yin et al., 2022).
+                These enzymes work by disrupting biofilm matrices to reduce the resistance of
+                bacteria, allowing antibiotics to take effect. Our project attempts to test the
+                efficacy of the enzyme DNase I as part of a liposome platform to degrade biofilms in
+                the hopes of developing a possible practical treatment for bacterial biofilm
+                infections. DNase I is an endonuclease that is currently being studied to disrupt P.
+                aeruginosa biofilms due to its ability to hydrolyze phosphodiester linkages present
+                in eDNA in biofilms (Yin et al., 2022). A critical component of our project involves
+                testing the ability and efficiency of DNase I to degrade DNA after it has been
+                treated to conjugate with liposomes, thereby demonstrating the proof of concept and
+                feasibility of enzymosomes for use in treatment.
+              </p>
+              <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">Technological Interest</h2>
+              <p class="p-4">
+                This project endeavors to create a method that consistently produces a delivery
+                device capable of transporting controlled payloads of potentially useful drugs and
+                enzymes for biofilm degradation for the treatment of bacterial infections. The
+                ability of liposomes to be conjugated to enzymes to create a delivery vehicle
+                capable of destabilizing biofilms was investigated. Synergistic properties of
+                several combinations of enzymes with different functions and properties were
+                researched to actualize a future extension of assembling a modular platform of
+                liposomes conjugated to several enzymes capable of treating biofilm infection in a
+                more comprehensive manner. The production method of bipyramidal DNA structures
+                (known as “n-gonal bipyramids”) made by DNA Origami technology, and its usage as a
+                precise template that could catalyze the formation of uniform-sized liposomes at the
+                nanoscale was also evaluated.
+              </p>
+              <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">Aims</h2>
+              <p class="p-4">
+                To address the current limitations of treatments against antibiotic-resistant
+                bacteria, our project aims to create conjugated enzymosome systems of DNase I
+                enzymes and liposomes that are:
+              </p>
+              <ul class="list-disc pl-10">
+                <li>Able to reach regions not typically accessible to previous treatments</li>
+                <li>Capable of targeting and degrading biofilms</li>
+                <li>
+                  More uniform in size for precise and consistent drug dosages when created by a DNA
+                  n-gonal bipyramid template in the future
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+              <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">Future Extensions</h2>
+              <p class="p-4">
+                In the future, after we have seen positive results of the viability of our
+                experiments with DNase I, a possible extension of our project is to test our
+                liposome with different combinations of enzymes to design a modular enzymosome
+                platform that could simultaneously disrupt various biofilm components. Current
+                treatments involving DNase I face challenges of eDNA in mature biofilms resisting
+                DNase I, possibly by binding to polysaccharides and proteins that protect from
+                enzymatic degradation or due to reduced dependency on eDNA in aged biofilms (Yin et
+                al., 2022). This indicates a need for various enzyme activities that not only target
+                eDNA but also other components of biofilm matrices (Jiang et al., 2020). A modular
+                platform composed of various enzyme constituents could allow for a more efficient
+                destabilization of biofilms by combining the activity of different enzymes to target
+                not only eDNA but also other key components of the extracellular matrix, such as
+                polysaccharides and proteins. We would hypothesize that the efficacy of our
+                enzymosomes would compound, enhancing their capability to disrupt biofilms. Two
+                other enzymes we have researched that have been shown in past studies to have
+                synergistic effects, and thus could be viable to work together as a unit with DNase
+                I, are Alginate Lyase and Alpha Amylase.
+              </p>
+              <ul class="list-disc pl-10">
+                <li>
+                  Alginate Lyase is an enzyme that degrades alginate by cleaving the β-1,4
+                  glycosidic bond (Zhu & Yin, 2015). In mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa biofilms,
+                  alginate has been found to be a major polysaccharide overproduced in biofilm
+                  matrices (Colvin et al., 2011). Thus, alginate lyase could be useful in reducing
+                  eDNA resistance to DNase I and assist in dispersing biofilms by weakening bonded
+                  polysaccharides. Several studies have already demonstrated a significant decrease
+                  in the survival of P. aeruginosa colonies treated with alginate lyase (Cotton et
+                  al., 2009).
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  Alpha Amylase is an enzyme capable of cleaving α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of various
+                  starches (Lahiri et al., 2021). This property may address the need to target
+                  polysaccharides bound to eDNA to increase the effectiveness of DNase I treatment
+                  in mature biofilms (Lahiri et al., 2021). Alpha amylase has also been shown to be
+                  effective at inhibiting biofilms in isolation (Craigen et al., 2011)
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+              <p class="p-4">
+                Presently alginate lyase has been tested in combination with both DNase I and alpha
+                amylase. Antimicrobial treatments co-administered with both DNase I and alginate
+                lyase have been proven to induce improved activity in reducing biofilm growth
+                (Alipour et al., 2009). Previous experiments employing alginate lyase and alpha
+                amylase in enzyme cocktails have indicated positive efficacy when the enzymes are
+                used together (Kaur et al., 2021). While alpha amylase treatments in conjunction
+                with DNase I had not been tested, a report did find that alpha amylase enzymes
+                treated with DNase I prior to being exposed to biofilms retained their activity to
+                destabilize biofilms (while several other enzyme treatments degraded the alpha
+                amylase) (Kalpana et al., 2012). So, while it is unclear if they will increase the
+                activity of one another, it is known that enzyme activity will not be impaired.
+                Further investigation on DNase I and alpha amylase combinations would be necessary
+                to quantify if the tandem usage yields more effective biofilm degradation as part of
+                the enzymosome co-delivery platform.
+              </p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="mb-10"></div>
+      <div class="flex flex-col items-center mt-6">
+        <div id="merit" class="font-title text-title-sm lg:text-title text-white">Merit</div>
+        <div>
+          <div class="bg-dark p-4 rounded-3xl mt-4">
+            <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">
+              What Sets Our Project Apart from Others?
+            </h2>
+            <p class="p-4">
+              This project is a novel combination of past research into using DNA nanotemplates to
+              create uniform liposomes (Yang et al., 2016) and attaching enzymes to the outside of
+              liposomes for effective delivery (Corvo et al., 2015) in order to degrade biofilms.
+              This can be applied to a wide variety of situations where biofilms are involved, such
+              as medical conditions like cystic fibrosis. The advantages of our project are as
+              follows:
+            </p>
+            <ul class="list-disc pl-10">
+              <li>
+                <h2 class="text-white p-4 my-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">
+                  Uniform Liposomes with Controlled Enzyme Dosage
+                </h2>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <p class="p-4">
+              Using the DNA ring nanotemplate, we are able to create controlled uniform sizes of
+              liposomes (Yang et al., 2016). Each liposome is saturated with a controlled dose of
+              enzymes that will degrade biofilms, allowing for effective and predictable use. This
+              is important because it allows for more consistency and predictability when the
+              enzymosomes are used to treat biofilms, with a given number of liposomes always
+              degrading the same amount of biofilm. For medical usage, such as for patients
+              diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, this allows treatment to be accurately tailored to the
+              amount of biofilm found in patients to completely degrade them, eliminating
+              uncertainty about whether the biofilms have been degraded.
+            </p>
+            <ul class="list-disc pl-10">
+              <li>
+                <h2 class="text-white p-4 my-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">
+                  Liposomal Delivery to Regions not Reachable by Cleaning Agents
+                </h2>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <p class="p-4 pb-4">
+              Biofilms pose a recurring problem in the area of health and medicine. From the
+              formation of biofilms on medical devices, notably by Staphylococci bacteria (Zheng et
+              al., 2018), to biofilm growth in the lungs of patients diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis,
+              they possess a diverse array of targets (Høiby et al., 2010). However, these areas may
+              not be easily reachable, making drug delivery difficult. With the aid of a smaller
+              form of transportation such as a liposome saturated with enzymes, these regions can
+              become accessible to drug delivery.
+            </p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="mb-10"></div>
+      <div class="flex flex-col items-center mt-6">
+        <h1 id="specifications" class="font-title text-title-sm lg:text-title text-white">
+          Specifications
+        </h1>
+        <div>
+          <div class="bg-dark p-8 rounded-3xl mt-4">
+            <h2 class="text-gold mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">What are we Creating?</h2>
+            <p class="mt-4">
+              Our project aims to create an enzymosome structure that can serve as a platform for
+              attaching enzymes and cargo. This platform is intended to enhance the efficiency of
+              biofilm degradation in patient-related scenarios, such as cystic fibrosis, as well as
+              in the context of environmental biofilms found on medical equipment.
+            </p>
+            <p class="mt-4">
+              The following diagram outlines the project’s proposed wet-lab timeline, with key
+              milestones and goals marked for each month.
+            </p>
+            <Timeline />
+            <p class="mt-2">
+              While our project's overarching goals are ambitious, we have streamlined our methods
+              to establish a strong foundation and proof-of-concept for future research. In terms of
+              feasibility, our decision to concentrate solely on the conjugation of DNase I is
+              supported by a clear rationale for enzyme selection and allows for adequate
+              troubleshooting time. To showcase the potential for modular utilization of our
+              structure, we also supplement experiments that cannot be conducted in the lab with
+              models, simulations, and well-developed protocols for future studies. Through this
+              approach, as evidenced in our lab notebook, we effectively manage the availability of
+              resources, including reagents and equipment, necessary for the successful execution of
+              the proposed experiments.
+            </p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="flex flex-col items-center mt-28 w-full">
+        <h1 id="design" class="font-title text-title-sm lg:text-title text-white text-center">
+          Design Process and Logic
+        </h1>
+        <div class="bg-dark p-4 rounded-3xl mt-4 w-full">
+          <h2 class="p-4 text-2xl lg:text-3xl">Enzyme</h2>
+          <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">
+            How was the Enzyme Selected?
+          </h2>
+          <p class="p-4">
+            P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms are two bacterial pathogens commonly associated
+            with antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic treatment often cannot eradicate these biofilm
+            infections due to antibiotic tolerance and mutational resistance. These bacteria have
+            the ability to form biofilms in many environments, because they are able to grow in
+            moist conditions with simple nutritional requirements, including distilled water. Our
+            project intended to focus on the dispersal of these two biofilms, so research into
+            enzymes capable of degrading P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was undergone. Ultimately,
+            DNase I was selected due to sourcing availability, substantial presence of DNA in
+            biofilms, and synergistic effects with other enzymes that could be useful for future
+            experiments.
+          </p>
+          <div class="flex flex-col items-center w-full px-4">
+            <div class="overflow-x-scroll w-full">
+              <CustomTable2 :table-data="tableData" />
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">
+            Enzyme Conjugation Rationale
+          </h2>
+          <p class="p-4">
+            Previous proven methods of enzyme modification– specifically for liposome
+            conjugation–were investigated, including attaching hydrophobic moieties such as fatty
+            acid chains to enzymes and then linking them to the liposome. Examples of these methods
+            include using a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid anchor, attaching an acyl group
+            to cysteine residues of the target protein (S-acylation), and modifying N-terminal
+            glycines of the protein (N-myristoylation) (Li & Qi, 2017).
+          </p>
+          <p class="p-4">
+            Based on previous scientific articles and studies on enzyme-liposome conjugation, we
+            planned on modifying the enzymes through thiolation. This mechanism consists of
+            attaching a molecule with a thiol group (S-H) to the target enzyme, then reacting the
+            enzymes with PEGylated liposomes modified with maleimide groups to yield the desired
+            enzymosomes (Heeremans et al, 1992). Several previous studies have successfully
+            thiolated similar enzymes while maintaining their functionality (Corvo et al, 2015) so
+            we hypothesized this would work with our selected enzyme, DNase I.
+          </p>
+          <div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-2">
+            <img src="../assets/thiolation.png" class="w-full lg:w-3/5" />
+            <p class="text-sm">
+              Fig 1. Visualization of the attachment of a thiolated target enzyme to maleimide-PEG
+              liposomes.
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <p class="p-4">
+            Another method we previously considered was acylation, which consists of attaching an
+            acyl group (a molecule consisting of a C=O bond) to the target enzyme. This mechanism
+            involves attaching a fatty acyl chain to the epsilon-amino (-NH2) group of a free lysine
+            residue on an enzyme, introducing a hydrophobic tail to the enzyme that can be inserted
+            into the liposome and produce an enzyme-conjugated liposomes. However, previous
+            literature showed this method may not be compatible with our chosen enzyme, DNase I.
+            This is because DNase I contains an epsilon-amino group on the amino acid Glutamine
+            within its active site (Kishi et al, 2001), instead of on an amino group at an
+            N-terminus active-site that enzymes compatible with this method, like Alginate Lyase,
+            possess (Xu et al, 2018).
+          </p>
+          <h2 class="p-4 text-2xl lg:text-3xl">Liposome</h2>
+          <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">What are Liposomes?</h2>
+          <p class="p-4">
+            Liposomes are artificial, spherical vesicles created from cholesterol and phospholipids
+            (Akbarzadeh et al., 2013). Due to their biocompatible properties, hydrophobic and
+            hydrophilic characteristics, as well as their size, there is potential to use liposomes
+            as future drug delivery systems (Akbarzadeh et al., 2013).
+          </p>
+          <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">
+            Liposome Synthesis Workflow
+          </h2>
+          <p class="p-4">
+            Liposomes were synthesized via a protocol for lipid nanoparticle synthesis outlined in a
+            2022 paper (Wang et al., 2022). During synthesis, maleimide dissolved in a solvent was
+            introduced to the lipid stocks to add maleimide groups to the liposome necessary for
+            later conjugation to an enzyme. Afterwards, the liposomes were evaluated to assess the
+            size and uniformity of the final products, which was critical to ensure accuracy in
+            subsequent steps and potential future applications such as drug loading.
+          </p>
+          <h2 class="p-4 text-2xl lg:text-3xl">Enzymosomes</h2>
+          <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">What are Enzymosomes?</h2>
+          <p class="p-4">
+            A liposome conjugated to one or more enzymes produces a modular platform called an
+            enzymosome, which is often synthesized to improve the effective therapeutic activity of
+            enzymes for prolonged periods of time–particularly in vivo (Corvo et al., 2015).
+            Typically, when unmodified enzymes are administered in vivo, the enzymatic activity at
+            the target site is limited due to clearance via glomerular filtration, however, in
+            enzymosomes this complication is addressed by attaching the enzymes to liposomes that
+            act as carrier systems with longer circulation times (Corvo et al., 2015).
+          </p>
+          <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">
+            Enzymosomes Formulation Workflow
+          </h2>
+          <p class="p-4">
+            The workflow began by determining enzyme activity in various solvents of our selected
+            enzyme, DNase I, based on a Picogreen Enzyme Activity Assay and spectrometry standard
+            protocols (ThermoFischer Scientific, 2022). This was necessary to determine the effects
+            the solvents used in subsequent stages had on the enzyme activity of the final produced
+            liposome. Next, the enzymes were thiolated because of the ability of thiol groups to
+            react with maleimide groups on the liposome to form bonds between the structures (Girão
+            et al., 2021), before being reacted with the previously synthesized PEGylated liposomes
+            to form the enzymosome structure.
+          </p>
+          <h2 class="p-4 text-2xl lg:text-3xl">N-Gonal Bipyramids</h2>
+          <h2 class="text-gold p-4 mt-4 text-subtitle font-semibold">How was DNA Origami used?</h2>
+          <p class="p-4">
+            DNA origami structures were designed for future use as templates to achieve more precise
+            liposome formation and eventual enzyme attachment. The DNA origami template structure is
+            an n-gonal bipyramid type endoskeleton used as a design strategy to encapsulate a lipid
+            membrane over a DNA endoskeleton scaffold, where n-gon refers to a polygon with n number
+            of edges(n∈ℕ), however, our project only performed experiments where n=3, 4, and 5. It
+            should be noted that, throughout our research, the term “octahedron” is used
+            interchangeably to refer to the n=4 square bipyramid, due to the structure formed being
+            representative of both terms. This was hypothesized to produce liposomes with more
+            uniformity between sample sizes and shapes and to provide high structural support
+            necessary for prolonged surface-enzyme activity, since the liposome would be encasing a
+            precisely designed endoskeleton. The project was inspired by a paper that explored a
+            mechanism of natural systems, such as viruses, which encapsulate their genetic material
+            within a lipid envelope to prevent degradation during infection, to protect the
+            structural integrity of their DNA nanostructures in vivo (Perrault & Shih, 2014). A
+            software called caDNAno, which runs on python and uses 2D representations to design 3D
+            DNA origami structures, was used to design our DNA endoskeleton. Previous UBC BIOMOD
+            teams developed python scripts that check for possible complications, including DNA
+            trapped in local energy minima during the folding process or the relative length of
+            staple strands affecting the annealing process (Law et al., 2023). The workflow began
+            with determining the shape of the structure and the helices layout, followed by
+            computational design and testing structure using online simulation tools such as mrDNA
+            and Cando. After verifying the structures computationally, they are formed in the lab
+            using oligo-annealing protocols and verified with a variety of imaging techniques.
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
 
-      <div class="grid-cols-2 content-center">
-        <div class="text-subtitle text-gold text-xl font-semibold">Background</div>
-        <div class="text-subtitle text-gold text-xl font-semibold">Solution</div>
+      <div class="flex flex-col items-center mb-8">
+        <SingleColumn :always-dropdown="true" class="mt-10">
+          <template #title> References </template>
+          <template #body>
+            <div class="pl-6 -indent-6">
+              <p>
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+              </p>
+            </div>
+          </template>
+        </SingleColumn>
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>