diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 1b0dfd5..b5f653c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
             -p 5003:8765 \
             ${{ env.IMAGE }}-final:latest
       - name: Install requirements
-        run: docker exec fastapi-tdd pip install black==23.1.0 flake8==6.0.0 isort==5.12.0 pytest==7.2.2
+        run: docker exec fastapi-tdd pip install black==23.12.1 flake8==7.0.0 isort==5.13.2 pytest==7.4.4
       - name: Pytest
         run: docker exec fastapi-tdd python -m pytest .
       - name: Flake8
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [build, test]
     env:
-      HEROKU_APP_NAME: radiant-everglades-49858
+      HEROKU_APP_NAME: quiet-citadel-80656
       HEROKU_REGISTRY_IMAGE: registry.heroku.com/${HEROKU_APP_NAME}/summarizer
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
diff --git a/project/Dockerfile b/project/Dockerfile
index 79f4fd9..cb8c488 100644
--- a/project/Dockerfile
+++ b/project/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # pull official base image
-FROM python:3.11.2-slim-buster
+FROM python:3.12.1-slim-bookworm
 
 # set working directory
 WORKDIR /usr/src/app
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
 
 # install system dependencies
 RUN apt-get update \
-  && apt-get -y install netcat gcc postgresql \
+  && apt-get -y install netcat-traditional gcc postgresql \
   && apt-get clean
 
 # install python dependencies
diff --git a/project/Dockerfile.prod b/project/Dockerfile.prod
index 27dff14..3832eff 100644
--- a/project/Dockerfile.prod
+++ b/project/Dockerfile.prod
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 ###########
 
 # pull official base image
-FROM python:3.11.2-slim-buster as builder
+FROM python:3.12.1-slim-bookworm as builder
 
 # install system dependencies
 RUN apt-get update \
-  && apt-get -y install gcc postgresql \
+  && apt-get -y install netcat-traditional gcc postgresql \
   && apt-get clean
 
 # set work directory
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ RUN pip wheel --no-cache-dir --no-deps --wheel-dir /usr/src/app/wheels -r requir
 
 # lint
 COPY . /usr/src/app/
-RUN pip install black==23.1.0 flake8==6.0.0 isort==5.12.0
+RUN pip install black==23.12.1 flake8==7.0.0 isort==5.13.2
 RUN flake8 .
-RUN black --exclude=migrations .
-RUN isort .
+RUN black --exclude=migrations . --check
+RUN isort . --check-only
 
 
 #########
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ RUN isort .
 #########
 
 # pull official base image
-FROM python:3.11.2-slim-buster
+FROM python:3.12.1-slim-bookworm
 
 # create directory for the app user
 RUN mkdir -p /home/app
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ ENV TESTING 0
 
 # install system dependencies
 RUN apt-get update \
-  && apt-get -y install netcat gcc postgresql \
+  && apt-get -y install netcat-traditional gcc postgresql \
   && apt-get clean
 
 # install python dependencies
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ COPY --from=builder /usr/src/app/wheels /wheels
 COPY --from=builder /usr/src/app/requirements.txt .
 RUN pip install --upgrade pip
 RUN pip install --no-cache /wheels/*
-RUN pip install "uvicorn[standard]==0.21.1"
+RUN pip install "uvicorn[standard]==0.26.0"
 
 # add app
 COPY . .
diff --git a/project/app/api/crud.py b/project/app/api/crud.py
index 2f3e314..9b58efb 100644
--- a/project/app/api/crud.py
+++ b/project/app/api/crud.py
@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@
 from app.models.tortoise import TextSummary
 
 
-async def get_all() -> List:
-    summaries = await TextSummary.all().values()
-    return summaries
-
-
 async def get(id: int) -> Union[dict, None]:
     summary = await TextSummary.filter(id=id).first().values()
     if summary:
@@ -16,6 +11,11 @@ async def get(id: int) -> Union[dict, None]:
     return None
 
 
+async def get_all() -> List:
+    summaries = await TextSummary.all().values()
+    return summaries
+
+
 async def post(payload: SummaryPayloadSchema) -> int:
     summary = TextSummary(url=payload.url, summary="")
     await summary.save()
diff --git a/project/app/api/summaries.py b/project/app/api/summaries.py
index 787fe83..10ce945 100644
--- a/project/app/api/summaries.py
+++ b/project/app/api/summaries.py
@@ -15,11 +15,6 @@
 router = APIRouter()
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[SummarySchema])
-async def read_all_summaries() -> List[SummarySchema]:
-    return await crud.get_all()
-
-
 @router.get("/{id}/", response_model=SummarySchema)
 async def read_summary(id: int = Path(..., gt=0)) -> SummarySchema:
     summary = await crud.get(id)
@@ -29,13 +24,18 @@ async def read_summary(id: int = Path(..., gt=0)) -> SummarySchema:
     return summary
 
 
+@router.get("/", response_model=List[SummarySchema])
+async def read_all_summaries() -> List[SummarySchema]:
+    return await crud.get_all()
+
+
 @router.post("/", response_model=SummaryResponseSchema, status_code=201)
 async def create_summary(
     payload: SummaryPayloadSchema, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks
 ) -> SummaryResponseSchema:
     summary_id = await crud.post(payload)
 
-    background_tasks.add_task(generate_summary, summary_id, payload.url)
+    background_tasks.add_task(generate_summary, summary_id, str(payload.url))
 
     response_object = {"id": summary_id, "url": payload.url}
     return response_object
diff --git a/project/app/config.py b/project/app/config.py
index 05895b0..cc80aa4 100644
--- a/project/app/config.py
+++ b/project/app/config.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import logging
 from functools import lru_cache
 
-from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseSettings
+from pydantic import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
 
 log = logging.getLogger("uvicorn")
 
diff --git a/project/db/Dockerfile b/project/db/Dockerfile
index 954ad8f..69c75af 100644
--- a/project/db/Dockerfile
+++ b/project/db/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # pull official base image
-FROM postgres:15
+FROM postgres:16
 
 # run create.sql on init
 ADD create.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
diff --git a/project/migrations/models/0_20230318165417_init.py b/project/migrations/models/0_20240122171233_init.py
similarity index 100%
rename from project/migrations/models/0_20230318165417_init.py
rename to project/migrations/models/0_20240122171233_init.py
diff --git a/project/requirements-dev.txt b/project/requirements-dev.txt
index c86a47f..475b437 100644
--- a/project/requirements-dev.txt
+++ b/project/requirements-dev.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-black==23.1.0
-flake8==6.0.0
-isort==5.12.0
-pytest==7.2.2
-pytest-cov==4.0.0
-pytest-xdist==3.2.1
+black==23.12.1
+flake8==7.0.0
+isort==5.13.2
+pytest==7.4.4
+pytest-cov==4.1.0
+pytest-xdist==3.5.0
 
 -r requirements.txt
diff --git a/project/requirements.txt b/project/requirements.txt
index 743f2ca..9176370 100644
--- a/project/requirements.txt
+++ b/project/requirements.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-aerich==0.7.1
-asyncpg==0.27.0
-fastapi==0.94.1
-gunicorn==20.1.0
-httpx==0.23.3
+aerich==0.7.2
+asyncpg==0.29.0
+fastapi==0.109.0
+gunicorn==21.0.1
+httpx==0.26.0
 newspaper3k==0.2.8
-tortoise-orm==0.19.3
-uvicorn==0.21.1
+pydantic-settings==2.1.0
+tortoise-orm==0.20.0
+uvicorn==0.26.0
diff --git a/project/tests/test_summaries.py b/project/tests/test_summaries.py
index 266f334..16284f3 100644
--- a/project/tests/test_summaries.py
+++ b/project/tests/test_summaries.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def mock_generate_summary(summary_id, url):
     )
 
     assert response.status_code == 201
-    assert response.json()["url"] == "https://foo.bar"
+    assert response.json()["url"] == "https://foo.bar/"
 
 
 def test_create_summaries_invalid_json(test_app):
@@ -25,16 +25,20 @@ def test_create_summaries_invalid_json(test_app):
     assert response.json() == {
         "detail": [
             {
+                "input": {},
                 "loc": ["body", "url"],
-                "msg": "field required",
-                "type": "value_error.missing",
+                "msg": "Field required",
+                "type": "missing",
+                "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/missing",
             }
         ]
     }
 
     response = test_app.post("/summaries/", data=json.dumps({"url": "invalid://url"}))
     assert response.status_code == 422
-    assert response.json()["detail"][0]["msg"] == "URL scheme not permitted"
+    assert (
+        response.json()["detail"][0]["msg"] == "URL scheme should be 'http' or 'https'"
+    )
 
 
 def test_read_summary(test_app_with_db, monkeypatch):
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ def mock_generate_summary(summary_id, url):
 
     response_dict = response.json()
     assert response_dict["id"] == summary_id
-    assert response_dict["url"] == "https://foo.bar"
+    assert response_dict["url"] == "https://foo.bar/"
     assert response_dict["created_at"]
 
 
@@ -67,10 +71,12 @@ def test_read_summary_incorrect_id(test_app_with_db):
     assert response.json() == {
         "detail": [
             {
+                "ctx": {"gt": 0},
+                "input": "0",
                 "loc": ["path", "id"],
-                "msg": "ensure this value is greater than 0",
-                "type": "value_error.number.not_gt",
-                "ctx": {"limit_value": 0},
+                "msg": "Input should be greater than 0",
+                "type": "greater_than",
+                "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/greater_than",
             }
         ]
     }
@@ -107,7 +113,7 @@ def mock_generate_summary(summary_id, url):
 
     response = test_app_with_db.delete(f"/summaries/{summary_id}/")
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert response.json() == {"id": summary_id, "url": "https://foo.bar"}
+    assert response.json() == {"id": summary_id, "url": "https://foo.bar/"}
 
 
 def test_remove_summary_incorrect_id(test_app_with_db):
@@ -120,10 +126,12 @@ def test_remove_summary_incorrect_id(test_app_with_db):
     assert response.json() == {
         "detail": [
             {
+                "ctx": {"gt": 0},
+                "input": "0",
                 "loc": ["path", "id"],
-                "msg": "ensure this value is greater than 0",
-                "type": "value_error.number.not_gt",
-                "ctx": {"limit_value": 0},
+                "msg": "Input should be greater than 0",
+                "type": "greater_than",
+                "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/greater_than",
             }
         ]
     }
@@ -148,7 +156,7 @@ def mock_generate_summary(summary_id, url):
 
     response_dict = response.json()
     assert response_dict["id"] == summary_id
-    assert response_dict["url"] == "https://foo.bar"
+    assert response_dict["url"] == "https://foo.bar/"
     assert response_dict["summary"] == "updated!"
     assert response_dict["created_at"]
 
@@ -168,10 +176,12 @@ def mock_generate_summary(summary_id, url):
             422,
             [
                 {
+                    "type": "greater_than",
                     "loc": ["path", "id"],
-                    "msg": "ensure this value is greater than 0",
-                    "type": "value_error.number.not_gt",
-                    "ctx": {"limit_value": 0},
+                    "msg": "Input should be greater than 0",
+                    "input": "0",
+                    "ctx": {"gt": 0},
+                    "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/greater_than",
                 }
             ],
         ],
@@ -181,14 +191,18 @@ def mock_generate_summary(summary_id, url):
             422,
             [
                 {
+                    "type": "missing",
                     "loc": ["body", "url"],
-                    "msg": "field required",
-                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {},
+                    "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/missing",
                 },
                 {
+                    "type": "missing",
                     "loc": ["body", "summary"],
-                    "msg": "field required",
-                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {},
+                    "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/missing",
                 },
             ],
         ],
@@ -198,9 +212,11 @@ def mock_generate_summary(summary_id, url):
             422,
             [
                 {
+                    "type": "missing",
                     "loc": ["body", "summary"],
-                    "msg": "field required",
-                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {"url": "https://foo.bar"},
+                    "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/missing",
                 }
             ],
         ],
@@ -213,6 +229,7 @@ def test_update_summary_invalid(
         f"/summaries/{summary_id}/", data=json.dumps(payload)
     )
     assert response.status_code == status_code
+    print(response.json()["detail"])
     assert response.json()["detail"] == detail
 
 
@@ -222,4 +239,6 @@ def test_update_summary_invalid_url(test_app):
         data=json.dumps({"url": "invalid://url", "summary": "updated!"}),
     )
     assert response.status_code == 422
-    assert response.json()["detail"][0]["msg"] == "URL scheme not permitted"
+    assert (
+        response.json()["detail"][0]["msg"] == "URL scheme should be 'http' or 'https'"
+    )
diff --git a/project/tests/test_summaries_unit.py b/project/tests/test_summaries_unit.py
index bc810ba..9216b0c 100644
--- a/project/tests/test_summaries_unit.py
+++ b/project/tests/test_summaries_unit.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ def mock_generate_summary(summary_id, url):
     monkeypatch.setattr(summaries, "generate_summary", mock_generate_summary)
 
     test_request_payload = {"url": "https://foo.bar"}
-    test_response_payload = {"id": 1, "url": "https://foo.bar"}
+    test_response_payload = {"id": 1, "url": "https://foo.bar/"}
 
     async def mock_post(payload):
         return 1
@@ -35,16 +35,20 @@ def test_create_summaries_invalid_json(test_app):
     assert response.json() == {
         "detail": [
             {
+                "type": "missing",
                 "loc": ["body", "url"],
-                "msg": "field required",
-                "type": "value_error.missing",
+                "msg": "Field required",
+                "input": {},
+                "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/missing",
             }
         ]
     }
 
     response = test_app.post("/summaries/", data=json.dumps({"url": "invalid://url"}))
     assert response.status_code == 422
-    assert response.json()["detail"][0]["msg"] == "URL scheme not permitted"
+    assert (
+        response.json()["detail"][0]["msg"] == "URL scheme should be 'http' or 'https'"
+    )
 
 
 def test_read_summary(test_app, monkeypatch):
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ async def mock_delete(id):
 
     response = test_app.delete("/summaries/1/")
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert response.json() == {"id": 1, "url": "https://foo.bar"}
+    assert response.json() == {"id": 1, "url": "https://foo.bar/"}
 
 
 def test_remove_summary_incorrect_id(test_app, monkeypatch):
@@ -171,10 +175,12 @@ async def mock_put(id, payload):
             422,
             [
                 {
+                    "type": "greater_than",
                     "loc": ["path", "id"],
-                    "msg": "ensure this value is greater than 0",
-                    "type": "value_error.number.not_gt",
-                    "ctx": {"limit_value": 0},
+                    "msg": "Input should be greater than 0",
+                    "input": "0",
+                    "ctx": {"gt": 0},
+                    "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/greater_than",
                 }
             ],
         ],
@@ -184,14 +190,18 @@ async def mock_put(id, payload):
             422,
             [
                 {
+                    "type": "missing",
                     "loc": ["body", "url"],
-                    "msg": "field required",
-                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {},
+                    "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/missing",
                 },
                 {
+                    "type": "missing",
                     "loc": ["body", "summary"],
-                    "msg": "field required",
-                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {},
+                    "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/missing",
                 },
             ],
         ],
@@ -201,9 +211,11 @@ async def mock_put(id, payload):
             422,
             [
                 {
+                    "type": "missing",
                     "loc": ["body", "summary"],
-                    "msg": "field required",
-                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {"url": "https://foo.bar"},
+                    "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.5/v/missing",
                 }
             ],
         ],
@@ -220,3 +232,14 @@ async def mock_put(id, payload):
     response = test_app.put(f"/summaries/{summary_id}/", data=json.dumps(payload))
     assert response.status_code == status_code
     assert response.json()["detail"] == detail
+
+
+def test_update_summary_invalid_url(test_app):
+    response = test_app.put(
+        "/summaries/1/",
+        data=json.dumps({"url": "invalid://url", "summary": "updated!"}),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert (
+        response.json()["detail"][0]["msg"] == "URL scheme should be 'http' or 'https'"
+    )