default.bst

ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    language
    month
    mrnumber
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
    doi
    zbl
    arxiv
    link
  }
  {}
  { label extra.label sort.label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$

}FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
	{ add.period$ write$
	  newline$
	  "\newblock " write$
	}
	{ output.state before.all =
	    'write$
	    { add.period$ " " * write$ }
	  if$
	}
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}


FUNCTION {missing.warning}
{ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }


FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ 
  newline$
%  "\bibitem" write$
%%[]  "[" write$
%%[]  label write$
%%[]  "]" write$
%  "{" write$
%%id  cite$ write$
%%initials  label write$
%  "}" write$
%  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {output.nonempty.mrnumber}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { " MR_START" swap$ * "MR_END" * write$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.nonempty.zbl}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { " ZBL_START" swap$ * "ZBL_END" * write$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.nonempty.doi}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { " DOI_START" swap$ * "DOI_END" * write$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.nonempty.arxiv}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { " AR_START" swap$ * "AR_END" * write$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.nonempty.url}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { " URL_START" swap$ * "URL_END" * write$ }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  mrnumber output.nonempty.mrnumber
  zbl output.nonempty.zbl
  arxiv output.nonempty.arxiv
  doi output.nonempty.doi
  link output.nonempty.url
  newline$
}







FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {add.space.if.necessary}
{ duplicate$ "" =
    'skip$
    { " " * }
  if$
}




FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "---titlestyle---" swap$ * "---titlestyleend---" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.language}
{ 
  ""
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        { namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            { numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "others" =
                { " et~al." * }
                { " and " * t * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { "---authorstyle---" author format.names * "---authorstyleend---" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { "---authorstyle---"
      editor format.names *
      editor num.names$ #1 >
	{ " (eds.)" * }
	{ " (ed.)" * }
      if$
      "---authorstyleend---" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.nonauthor.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names
      editor num.names$ #1 >
	{ ", eds." * }
	{ ", ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { title "t" change.case$ emphasize }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
	{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
	    { "--" *
	      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
	    }
	    {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
		{ "-" *
		  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
		}
	      while$
	    }
	  if$
	}
	{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
	  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
	}
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.journal.vol.year}
{ journal empty$
    { "journal name" missing.warning ""}
    { " ---journalstyle---" journal * "---journalstyleend---" * }
  if$
  volume empty$
    'skip$
    { " ---volumestyle---" * volume * "---volumestyleend---" * }
  if$
  year empty$
    { "year" missing.warning }
    { " (" * year * ")" * }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.number}
{ number empty$
    { "" }
    { "---numberstyle---no.~" number * "---numberstyleend---" * }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
	{ "" }
	{ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
	  month
	}
      if$
    }
    { month empty$
	'year
	{ month " " * year * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.bookvolume.series.number}
{ volume empty$
    { "" 
      series empty$
        'skip$
        { pop$ series }
      if$
      number empty$
        'skip$
        { duplicate$ empty$
            'skip$  
            { ", " * }
          if$
          "no." number tie.or.space.connect * 
        }
      if$
    }
    { "vol." volume tie.or.space.connect 
      number empty$
        { series empty$
            'skip$
            { series ", " * swap$ *}    
          if$
        }
        { series empty$
            { "can't use both volume and number if series info is missing"
              warning$
              "in BibTeX entry type `" type$ * "'" * top$
            }
            { ", " * series * ", no." * number tie.or.space.connect }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}  

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.inproc.title.address.editors}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { booktitle
      address empty$
        'skip$
        { add.space.if.necessary "(" * address * ")" * }
      if$
      editor empty$
        'skip$
        { add.space.if.necessary "(" * format.nonauthor.editors * ")" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.incoll.title.editors}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
        { booktitle }
        { booktitle
          add.space.if.necessary "(" * format.nonauthor.editors * ")" *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
	{ edition "l" change.case$ " ed." * }
	{ edition "t" change.case$ " ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
	{ #1 'multiresult := }
	{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages n.dashify }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.pages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
	{ "pp.~" pages n.dashify * }
	{ "p.~" pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.book.pages
    { type empty$
	{ "ch.~" }
	{ type "l" change.case$ " " * }
      if$
      chapter *
      pages empty$
	'skip$
	{ ", " * format.book.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and and
  key empty$ not and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      type "t" change.case$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "Tech. Report" }
    'type
  if$
  number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ key empty$
    { journal empty$
	{ "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
	  warning$
	  ""
	}
	{ "in " journal * }
      if$
    }
    { "in " key * }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  editor num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$ " et~al." * }
    { #2 <
	'skip$
	{ editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
	    { " et~al." * }
	    { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      "in "
    }
    { "vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
      " of " *
    }
  if$
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
	{ series empty$
	    { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
	      crossref * warning$
	      "" *
	    }
	    { series * }
	  if$
	}
	{ key * }
      if$
    }
    { format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
	{ booktitle empty$
	    { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
	      crossref * warning$
	      ""
	    }
	    { "in ---titlestyle---" booktitle * "---titlestyleend---" * }
	  if$
	}
	{ "in " key * }
      if$
    }
    { "in " format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}




FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.journal.vol.year output
      format.number output
      format.pages "pages" output.check
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages "pages" output.check
    }
  if$
  format.language *
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
	{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.title "title" output.check
  format.edition output
  crossref missing$
    { format.bookvolume.series.number output
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
    }
    { format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.date "year" output.check
  format.language *
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  format.title "title" output.check
  howpublished output
  address output
  format.date output
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
	{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.title "title" output.check
  format.edition output
  crossref missing$
    { format.bookvolume.series.number output
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
    }
    { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.date "year" output.check
  format.language *
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.incoll.title.editors "booktitle" output.check
      format.bookvolume.series.number output
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
      format.edition output
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  note output
  format.book.pages output
  format.language *
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.inproc.title.address.editors "booktitle" output.check
      format.bookvolume.series.number output
      organization output
      publisher output
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  note output
  format.book.pages output
  format.language *
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
	'skip$
	{ organization output.nonnull
	  address output
	}
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
  if$
  format.title "title" output.check
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
	{ address output }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
    { organization output
      address output
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.date output
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  note output
  format.book.pages output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  format.title output
  howpublished output
  format.date output
  note output
  format.book.pages output
  fin.entry
  empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  "Ph.D. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  note output
  format.book.pages output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  editor empty$
    { organization output }
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
  format.title "title" output.check
  format.bookvolume.series.number output
  address empty$
    { editor empty$
        'skip$
	{ organization output }
      if$
      publisher output
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { address output.nonnull
      editor empty$
	'skip$
	{ organization output }
      if$
      publisher output
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
  if$
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  note "note" output.check
  format.date output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}

INTEGERS { et.al.char.used }

FUNCTION {initialize.et.al.char.used}
{ #0 'et.al.char.used :=
}

EXECUTE {initialize.et.al.char.used}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #1 >
    { numnames #4 >
	{ #3 'namesleft := }
	{ numnames 'namesleft := }
      if$
      #1 'nameptr :=
      ""
	{ namesleft #0 > }
	{ nameptr numnames =
	    { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
		{ "+" *
		  #1 'et.al.char.used :=
		}
		{ s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
	      if$
	    }
	    { s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
	  if$
	  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
	  namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
	}
      while$
      numnames #4 >
	{ "+" *
	  #1 'et.al.char.used :=
	}
	'skip$
      if$
    }
    { s #1 "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$
      duplicate$ text.length$ #2 <
	{ pop$ s #1 "{ll}" format.name$ #3 text.prefix$ }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
	{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
	{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
	{ key empty$
	    { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
	    { key #3 text.prefix$ }
	  if$
	}
	{ editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
	{ organization empty$
	    { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
	    { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
	  if$
	}
	{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
	{ organization empty$
	    { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
	    { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
	  if$
	}
	{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
	'editor.key.organization.label
	{ type$ "manual" =
	    'author.key.organization.label
	    'author.key.label
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
  if$
  duplicate$
  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #2 substring$
  *
  'label :=
  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
  *
  sortify 'sort.label :=
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
	{ "   " * }
	'skip$
      if$
      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
	{ "et al" * }
	{ t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
	{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
	  ""
	}
	{ key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
	{ key empty$
	    { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
	      ""
	    }
	    { key sortify }
	  if$
	}
	{ editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
	{ key empty$
	    { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
	      ""
	    }
	    { key sortify }
	  if$
	}
	{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
	{ key empty$
	    { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
	      ""
	    }
	    { key sortify }
	  if$
	}
	{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
  sort.label
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
	'editor.organization.sort
	{ type$ "manual" =
	    'author.organization.sort
	    'author.sort
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
  if$
  *
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {presort}

SORT

STRINGS { longest.label last.sort.label next.extra }

INTEGERS { longest.label.width last.extra.num }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.sort.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
}

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.sort.label sort.label =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      sort.label 'last.sort.label :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  label extra.label * 'label :=
  label width$ longest.label.width >
    { label 'longest.label :=
      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}

FUNCTION {presort2}
{
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
	'editor.organization.sort
	{ type$ "manual" =
	    'author.organization.sort
	    'author.sort
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
  if$
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

FUNCTION {presort3}
{
    year field.or.null sortify
    *
    "    "
    *
    cite$
    *
    'sort.key$ :=
}

REVERSE {presort3}

SORT

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}