diff --git a/agents/coder/index.yaml b/agents/coder/index.yaml
index c1dcdec..08bb2f8 100644
--- a/agents/coder/index.yaml
+++ b/agents/coder/index.yaml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ instructions: |
 
   1. fs_mkdir: Create new directories in the project structure.
   2. fs_create: Generate new files with specified contents.
-  3. fs_edit: Examine and modify existing files. FULLY.
+  3. fs_patch: Examine and modify existing files.
   4. fs_cat: View the contents of existing files without making changes.
   5. fs_ls: Understand the current project structure or locate specific files.
   6. web_search: Obtain current information on technologies, libraries, or best practices.
diff --git a/agents/coder/tools.sh b/agents/coder/tools.sh
index 6e599e6..c56e734 100755
--- a/agents/coder/tools.sh
+++ b/agents/coder/tools.sh
@@ -1,64 +1,19 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
+ROOT_DIR="${LLM_ROOT_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.." && pwd)}"
+
 # @env LLM_OUTPUT=/dev/stdout The output path
 
 # @cmd Create a new file at the specified path with contents.
 # @option --path! The path where the file should be created
 # @option --contents! The contents of the file
 fs_create() {
-    _guard_path "$argc_path" Create
+    "$ROOT_DIR/utils/guard_path.sh" "$argc_path" "Create '$argc_path'?"
     mkdir -p "$(dirname "$argc_path")"
     printf "%s" "$argc_contents" > "$argc_path"
     echo "File created: $argc_path" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
 }
 
-# @cmd Apply changes to a file. Use this when you need to edit an existing file.
-# YOU ALWAYS PROVIDE THE FULL FILE CONTENTS WHEN EDITING. NO PARTIAL CONTENTS OR COMMENTS.
-# YOU MUST PROVIDE THE FULL FILE CONTENTS.
-
-# @option --path! The path of the file to edit
-# @option --contents! The new contents to apply to the file
-# @meta require-tools git
-fs_edit() {
-    if [[ -f "$argc_path" ]]; then
-        _guard_path "$argc_path" Edit
-        changed=0
-        printf "%s" "$argc_contents" | git diff --no-index "$argc_path" - || {
-            changed=1
-        }
-        if [[ "$changed" -eq 0 ]]; then
-            echo "No changes detected." >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
-        else
-            if [ -t 1 ]; then
-                echo
-                read -r -p "Apply changes? [Y/n] " ans
-                if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
-                    echo "Aborted!"
-                    exit 1
-                fi
-            fi
-            printf "%s" "$argc_contents" > "$argc_path"
-            echo "Applied changes" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
-        fi
-    else
-        echo "Not found file: $argc_path" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
-    fi
-}
-
-_guard_path() {
-    path="$(realpath -m "$1")"
-    action="$2"
-    if [[ ! "$path" == "$(pwd)"* ]]; then
-        if [ -t 1 ]; then
-            read -r -p "$action $path? [Y/n] " ans
-            if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
-                echo "Aborted!"
-                exit 1
-            fi
-        fi
-    fi
-}
-
 # See more details at https://github.com/sigoden/argc
 eval "$(argc --argc-eval "$0" "$@")"
diff --git a/agents/coder/tools.txt b/agents/coder/tools.txt
index 9d7d6c3..f4f352a 100644
--- a/agents/coder/tools.txt
+++ b/agents/coder/tools.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 fs_mkdir.sh
 fs_ls.sh
+fs_patch.sh
 fs_cat.sh
 web_search.sh
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/agents/todo/tools.sh b/agents/todo/tools.sh
index 6d31f64..48efa29 100755
--- a/agents/todo/tools.sh
+++ b/agents/todo/tools.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
+ROOT_DIR="${LLM_ROOT_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.." && pwd)}"
+
 # @env LLM_OUTPUT=/dev/stdout The output path
 
 # @cmd Add a new todo item
@@ -65,13 +67,7 @@ list_todos() {
 clear_todos() {
     todos_file="$(_get_todos_file)"
     if [[ -f "$todos_file" ]]; then
-        if [ -t 1 ]; then
-            read -r -p "Clean the entire todo list? [Y/n] " ans
-            if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
-                echo "Aborted!"
-                exit 1
-            fi
-        fi
+        "$ROOT_DIR/utils/guard_operation.sh" "Clean the entire todo list?"
         rm -rf "$todos_file"
         echo "Successfully cleaned the entire todo list" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
     else
diff --git a/scripts/declarations-util.sh b/scripts/declarations-util.sh
index 4ee5ca8..d82f4b4 100755
--- a/scripts/declarations-util.sh
+++ b/scripts/declarations-util.sh
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ end
         fi
     fi
     if [[ -z "$json_type" ]]; then
-        echo "invalid JSON data"
+        echo "error: invalid JSON data" >&2
         exit 1
     fi
 }
diff --git a/scripts/run-agent.sh b/scripts/run-agent.sh
index 0b6ed47..dc11e58 100755
--- a/scripts/run-agent.sh
+++ b/scripts/run-agent.sh
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ load_env() {
 
 run() {
     if [[ -z "$agent_data" ]]; then
-        die "No JSON data"
+        die "error: no JSON data"
     fi
 
     if [[ "$OS" == "Windows_NT" ]]; then
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def to_args:
 EOF
 )"
     args="$(echo "$agent_data" | jq -r "$jq_script" 2>/dev/null)" || {
-        die "Invalid JSON data"
+        die "error: invalid JSON data"
     }
 
     no_llm_output=0
diff --git a/scripts/run-tool.sh b/scripts/run-tool.sh
index 4ede4a1..a87c762 100755
--- a/scripts/run-tool.sh
+++ b/scripts/run-tool.sh
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ load_env() {
 
 run() {
     if [[ -z "$tool_data" ]]; then
-        die "No JSON data"
+        die "error: no JSON data"
     fi
 
     if [[ "$OS" == "Windows_NT" ]]; then
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def to_args:
 EOF
 )"
     args="$(echo "$tool_data" | jq -r "$jq_script" 2>/dev/null)" || {
-        die "Invalid JSON data"
+        die "error: invalid JSON data"
     }
 
     no_llm_output=0
diff --git a/tools/execute_command.sh b/tools/execute_command.sh
index b263b10..eb58eba 100755
--- a/tools/execute_command.sh
+++ b/tools/execute_command.sh
@@ -6,14 +6,10 @@ set -e
 
 # @env LLM_OUTPUT=/dev/stdout The output path
 
+ROOT_DIR="${LLM_ROOT_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)}"
+
 main() {
-    if [ -t 1 ]; then
-        read -r -p "Are you sure you want to continue? [Y/n] " ans
-        if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
-            echo "Aborted!"
-            exit 1
-        fi
-    fi
+    "$ROOT_DIR/utils/guard_operation.sh"
     eval "$argc_command" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
 }
 
diff --git a/tools/execute_sql_code.sh b/tools/execute_sql_code.sh
index df57dea..34cd948 100755
--- a/tools/execute_sql_code.sh
+++ b/tools/execute_sql_code.sh
@@ -9,15 +9,11 @@ set -e
 # @env USQL_DSN! The database url, e.g. pgsql://user:pass@host/dbname
 # @env LLM_OUTPUT=/dev/stdout The output path
 
+ROOT_DIR="${LLM_ROOT_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)}"
+
 main() {
     if ! grep -qi '^select' <<<"$argc_code"; then
-        if [ -t 1 ]; then
-            read -r -p "Are you sure you want to continue? [Y/n] " ans
-            if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
-                echo "Aborted!"
-                exit 1
-            fi
-        fi
+        "$ROOT_DIR/utils/guard_operation.sh"
     fi
     usql -c "$argc_code" "$USQL_DSN" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
 }
diff --git a/tools/fs_patch.sh b/tools/fs_patch.sh
index 14e46d2..ce71628 100755
--- a/tools/fs_patch.sh
+++ b/tools/fs_patch.sh
@@ -18,22 +18,16 @@ set -e
 
 # @env LLM_OUTPUT=/dev/stdout The output path
 
+ROOT_DIR="${LLM_ROOT_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)}"
+
 main() {
     if [ ! -f "$argc_path" ]; then
         echo "Not found file: $argc_path"
         exit 1
     fi
-    root_dir="${LLM_ROOT_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)}"
-    new_contents="$(awk -f "$root_dir/utils/patch.awk" "$argc_path" <(printf "%s" "$argc_contents"))"
+    new_contents="$(awk -f "$ROOT_DIR/utils/patch.awk" "$argc_path" <(printf "%s" "$argc_contents"))"
     printf "%s" "$new_contents" | git diff --no-index "$argc_path" - || true
-    if [ -t 1 ]; then
-        echo
-        read -r -p "Apply changes? [Y/n] " ans
-        if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
-            echo "Aborted!"
-            exit 1
-        fi
-    fi
+    "$ROOT_DIR/utils/guard_operation.sh" "Apply changes?"
     printf "%s" "$new_contents" > "$argc_path"
 
     echo "The patch applied to: $argc_path" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
diff --git a/tools/fs_rm.sh b/tools/fs_rm.sh
index dd1e2f7..9d9386f 100755
--- a/tools/fs_rm.sh
+++ b/tools/fs_rm.sh
@@ -7,26 +7,14 @@ set -e
 
 # @env LLM_OUTPUT=/dev/stdout The output path
 
+ROOT_DIR="${LLM_ROOT_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)}"
+
 main() {
     if [[ -f "$argc_path" ]]; then
-        _guard_path "$argc_path" Remove
+        "$ROOT_DIR/utils/guard_path.sh" "$argc_path" "Remove '$argc_path'?"
         rm -rf "$argc_path"
     fi
     echo "Path removed: $argc_path" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
 }
 
-_guard_path() {
-    path="$(realpath -m "$1")"
-    action="$2"
-    if [[ ! "$path" == "$(pwd)"* ]]; then
-        if [ -t 1 ]; then
-            read -r -p "$action $path? [Y/n] " ans
-            if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
-                echo "Aborted!"
-                exit 1
-            fi
-        fi
-    fi
-}
-
 eval "$(argc --argc-eval "$0" "$@")"
diff --git a/tools/fs_write.sh b/tools/fs_write.sh
index 0e0dba0..303a77b 100755
--- a/tools/fs_write.sh
+++ b/tools/fs_write.sh
@@ -8,25 +8,13 @@ set -e
 
 # @env LLM_OUTPUT=/dev/stdout The output path
 
+ROOT_DIR="${LLM_ROOT_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)}"
+
 main() {
-    _guard_path "$argc_path" Write
+    "$ROOT_DIR/utils/guard_path.sh" "$argc_path" "Write '$argc_path'?"
     mkdir -p "$(dirname "$argc_path")"
     printf "%s" "$argc_contents" > "$argc_path"
     echo "The contents written to: $argc_path" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
 }
 
-_guard_path() {
-    path="$(realpath -m "$1")"
-    action="$2"
-    if [[ ! "$path" == "$(pwd)"* ]]; then
-        if [ -t 1 ]; then
-            read -r -p "$action $path? [Y/n] " ans
-            if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
-                echo "Aborted!"
-                exit 1
-            fi
-        fi
-    fi
-}
-
 eval "$(argc --argc-eval "$0" "$@")"
diff --git a/tools/search_wikipedia.sh b/tools/search_wikipedia.sh
index 0bf791e..6c7010d 100755
--- a/tools/search_wikipedia.sh
+++ b/tools/search_wikipedia.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ main() {
     title="$(echo "$json" | jq -r '.query.search[0].title // empty')"
     pageid="$(echo "$json" | jq -r '.query.search[0].pageid // empty')"
     if [[ -z "$title" || -z "$pageid" ]]; then
-        echo "Error: No results found for '$argc_query'"
+        echo "error: no results for '$argc_query'" >&2
         exit 1
     fi
     title="$(echo "$title" | tr ' ' '_')"
diff --git a/tools/send_twilio.sh b/tools/send_twilio.sh
index 2a197ff..0259efb 100755
--- a/tools/send_twilio.sh
+++ b/tools/send_twilio.sh
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ main() {
         if [[ "$(echo "$body" | jq -r 'has("sid")')" == "true" ]]; then
             echo "Message sent successfully" >> "$LLM_OUTPUT"
         else
-            _die "$body"
+            _die "error: $body"
         fi
     else
-        _die "$body"
+        _die "error: $body"
     fi
 }
 
diff --git a/utils/guard_operation.sh b/utils/guard_operation.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1e7f1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/guard_operation.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Guard an operation with a confirmation prompt.
+
+main() {
+    if [ -t 1 ]; then
+        confirmation_prompt="${1:-"Are you sure you want to continue?"}"
+        read -r -p "$confirmation_prompt [Y/n] " ans
+        if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
+            echo "error: aborted!" 2>&1
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+main "$@"
diff --git a/utils/guard_path.sh b/utils/guard_path.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6de9cd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/guard_path.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+main() {
+    if [[ "$#" -ne 2 ]]; then
+        echo "Usage: guard_path.sh <path> <confirmation_prompt>" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    if [ -t 1 ]; then
+        path="$(_to_realpath "$1")"
+        confirmation_prompt="$2"
+        if [[ ! "$path" == "$(pwd)"* ]]; then
+            read -r -p "$confirmation_prompt [Y/n] " ans
+            if [[ "$ans" == "N" || "$ans" == "n" ]]; then
+                echo "error: aborted!" >&2
+                exit 1
+            fi
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+_to_realpath() {
+    path="$1"
+    if [[ $OS == "Windows_NT" ]]; then
+        path="$(cygpath -u "$path")"
+    fi
+    awk -v path="$path" -v pwd="$PWD" '
+BEGIN {
+    if (path !~ /^\//) {
+        path = pwd "/" path
+    }
+    if (path ~ /\/\.{1,2}?$/) {
+        isDir = 1
+    }
+    split(path, parts, "/")
+    newPartsLength = 0
+    for (i = 1; i <= length(parts); i++) {
+        part = parts[i]
+        if (part == "..") {
+            if (newPartsLength > 0) {
+                delete newParts[newPartsLength--]
+            }
+        } else if (part != "." && part != "") {
+            newParts[++newPartsLength] = part
+        }
+    }
+    if (isDir == 1 || newPartsLength == 0) {
+        newParts[++newPartsLength] = ""
+    }
+    printf "/"
+    for (i = 1; i <= newPartsLength; i++) {
+        newPart = newParts[i]
+        printf newPart
+        if (i < newPartsLength) {
+            printf "/"
+        }
+    }
+}'
+}
+
+main "$@"
diff --git a/utils/patch.awk b/utils/patch.awk
index b625d37..b651fb2 100755
--- a/utils/patch.awk
+++ b/utils/patch.awk
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ END {
     }
 
     if (hunkIndex == 0) {
-        print "No patch" > "/dev/stderr"
+        print "error: no patch" > "/dev/stderr"
         exit 1
     }
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ END {
     }
 
     if (hunkIndex != totalHunks + 1) {
-        print "Failed to patch the file" > "/dev/stderr"
+        print "error: unable to apply patch" > "/dev/stderr"
         exit 1
     }
 }