The Geokit gem provides:
- Distance calculations between two points on the earth. Calculate the distance in miles, kilometers, or nautical miles, with all the trigonometry abstracted away by GeoKit.
- Geocoding from multiple providers. It supports Google, Yahoo, Geocoder.us, and Geocoder.ca geocoders, and others. It provides a uniform response structure from all of them. It also provides a fail-over mechanism, in case your input fails to geocode in one service.
- Rectangular bounds calculations: is a point within a given rectangular bounds?
- Heading and midpoint calculations
Combine this gem with the geokit-rails plugin to get location-based finders for your Rails app.
- Geokit Documentation at Rubyforge http://geokit.rubyforge.org.
- Repository at Github: http://github.com/andre/geokit-gem/tree/master.
- Follow the Google Group for updates and discussion on Geokit: http://groups.google.com/group/geokit
sudo gem install geokit
irb> require 'rubygems'
irb> require 'geokit'
irb> a=Geokit::Geocoders::YahooGeocoder.geocode '140 Market St, San Francisco, CA'
irb> a.ll
=> 37.79363,-122.396116
irb> b=Geokit::Geocoders::YahooGeocoder.geocode '789 Geary St, San Francisco, CA'
irb> b.ll
=> 37.786217,-122.41619
irb> a.distance_to(b)
=> 1.21120007413626
irb> a.heading_to(b)
=> 244.959832435678
irb(main):006:0> c=a.midpoint_to(b) # what's halfway from a to b?
irb> c.ll
=> "37.7899239257175,-122.406153503469"
irb(main):008:0> d=c.endpoint(90,10) # what's 10 miles to the east of c?
irb> d.ll
=> "37.7897825005142,-122.223214776155"
FYI, that .ll method means "latitude longitude".
See the RDOC more more ... there are also operations on rectangular bounds (e.g., determining if a point is within bounds, find the center, etc).
If you're using this gem by itself, here are the configuration options:
# These defaults are used in Geokit::Mappable.distance_to and in acts_as_mappable
Geokit::default_units = :miles
Geokit::default_formula = :sphere
# This is the timeout value in seconds to be used for calls to the geocoder web
# services. For no timeout at all, comment out the setting. The timeout unit
# is in seconds.
Geokit::Geocoders::request_timeout = 3
# These settings are used if web service calls must be routed through a proxy.
# These setting can be nil if not needed, otherwise, addr and port must be
# filled in at a minimum. If the proxy requires authentication, the username
# and password can be provided as well.
Geokit::Geocoders::proxy_addr = nil
Geokit::Geocoders::proxy_port = nil
Geokit::Geocoders::proxy_user = nil
Geokit::Geocoders::proxy_pass = nil
# This enables a simple Query Cache mechanism that caches all outgoing
# API calls to disk using a simplified serialization (marshaling/loading)
# process adapted from the techniques described on the Yahoo Developer
# Network article, "Cache Yahoo! Web Service Calls using Ruby":
#
# http://developer.yahoo.com/ruby/ruby-cache.html
#
# Note: /tmp must be writable in order to use the query caching
# functionality.
#
# Disabled by default. To enable the query_cache, set to true.
Geokit::Geocoders::query_cache = nil
Geokit::Geocoders::query_cache_max_age = nil # 86400 # 1 day in seconds
# This is your yahoo application key for the Yahoo Geocoder.
# See http://developer.yahoo.com/faq/index.html#appid
# and http://developer.yahoo.com/maps/rest/V1/geocode.html
Geokit::Geocoders::yahoo = 'REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_YAHOO_KEY'
# This is your Google Maps geocoder key.
# See http://www.google.com/apis/maps/signup.html
# and http://www.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/#Geocoding_Examples
Geokit::Geocoders::google = 'REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_GOOGLE_KEY'
# You can also set multiple API KEYS for different domains that may be directed to this same application.
# The domain from which the current user is being directed will automatically be updated for Geokit via
# the GeocoderControl class, which gets it's begin filter mixed into the ActionController.
# You define these keys with a Hash as follows:
#Geokit::Geocoders::google = { 'rubyonrails.org' => 'RUBY_ON_RAILS_API_KEY', 'ruby-docs.org' => 'RUBY_DOCS_API_KEY' }
# This is your username and password for geocoder.us.
# To use the free service, the value can be set to nil or false. For
# usage tied to an account, the value should be set to username:password.
# See http://geocoder.us
# and http://geocoder.us/user/signup
Geokit::Geocoders::geocoder_us = false
# This is your authorization key for geocoder.ca.
# To use the free service, the value can be set to nil or false. For
# usage tied to an account, set the value to the key obtained from
# Geocoder.ca.
# See http://geocoder.ca
# and http://geocoder.ca/?register=1
Geokit::Geocoders::geocoder_ca = false
# require "external_geocoder.rb"
# Please see the section "writing your own geocoders" for more information.
# Geokit::Geocoders::external_key = 'REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_API_KEY'
# This is the order in which the geocoders are called in a failover scenario
# If you only want to use a single geocoder, put a single symbol in the array.
# Valid symbols are :google, :yahoo, :us, and :ca.
# Be aware that there are Terms of Use restrictions on how you can use the
# various geocoders. Make sure you read up on relevant Terms of Use for each
# geocoder you are going to use.
Geokit::Geocoders::provider_order = [:google,:us]
# The IP provider order. Valid symbols are :ip,:geo_plugin.
# As before, make sure you read up on relevant Terms of Use for each.
# Geokit::Geocoders::ip_provider_order = [:external,:geo_plugin,:ip]
If you're using this gem with the geokit-rails plugin, the plugin
creates a template with these settings and places it in config/initializers/geokit_config.rb.
- Yahoo Geocoder - requires an API key.
- Geocoder.us - may require authentication if performing more than the free request limit.
- Geocoder.ca - for Canada; may require authentication as well.
- Geonames - a free geocoder
- Google Geocoder - requires an API key. Also supports multiple results and bounding box/country code biasing.
- IP Geocoder - geocodes an IP address using hostip.info's web service.
- Geoplugin.net -- another IP address geocoder
The Google Geocoder sports a number of useful tricks that elevate it a little bit above the rest of the currently supported geocoders. For starters, it returns a suggested_bounds property for all your geocoded results, so you can more easily decide where and how to center a map on the places you geocode. Here's a quick example:
irb> res = Geokit::Geocoders::GoogleGeocoder.geocode('140 Market St, San Francisco, CA')
irb> pp res.suggested_bounds
#<Geokit::Bounds:0x53b36c
@ne=#<Geokit::LatLng:0x53b204 @lat=37.7968528, @lng=-122.3926933>,
@sw=#<Geokit::LatLng:0x53b2b8 @lat=37.7905576, @lng=-122.3989885>>
In addition, you can use viewport or country code biasing to make sure the geocoders prefers results within a specific area. Say we wanted to geocode the city of Syracuse in Italy. A normal geocoding query would look like this:
irb> res = Geokit::Geocoder::GoogleGeocoder.geocode('Syracuse')
irb> res.full_address
=> "Syracuse, NY, USA"
Not exactly what we were looking for. We know that Syracuse is in Italy, so we can tell the Google Geocoder to prefer results from Italy first, and then wander the Syracuses of the world. To do that, we have to pass Italy's ccTLD (country code top-level domain) to the :bias option of the geocode method. You can find a comprehensive list of all ccTLDs here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CcTLD.
irb> res = Geokit::Geocoder::GoogleGeocoder.geocode('Syracuse', :bias => 'it')
irb> res.full_address
=> "Syracuse, Italy"
Alternatively, we can speficy the geocoding bias as a bounding box object. Say we wanted to geocode the Winnetka district in Los Angeles.
irb> res = Geokit::Geocoder::GoogleGeocoder.geocode('Winnetka')
irb> res.full_address
=> "Winnetka, IL, USA"
Not it. What we can do is tell the geocoder to return results only from in and around LA.
irb> la_bounds = Geokit::Geocoder::GoogleGeocoder.geocode('Los Angeles').suggested_bounds
irb> res = Geokit::Geocoder::GoogleGeocoder.geocode('Winnetka', :bias => la_bounds)
irb> res.full_address
=> "Winnetka, California, USA"
Multi Geocoder - provides failover for the physical location geocoders, and also IP address geocoders. Its configured by setting Geokit::Geocoders::provider_order, and Geokit::Geocoders::ip_provider_order. You should call the Multi-Geocoder with its :geocode method, supplying one address parameter which is either a real street address, or an ip address. For example:
Geokit::Geocoders::MultiGeocoder.geocode("900 Sycamore Drive")
Geokit::Geocoders::MultiGeocoder.geocode("12.12.12.12")
Some geocoding services will return multple results if the there isn't one clear result. Geoloc can capture multiple results through its "all" method. Currently only the Google geocoder supports multiple results:
irb> geo=Geokit::Geocoders::GoogleGeocoder.geocode("900 Sycamore Drive")
irb> geo.full_address
=> "900 Sycamore Dr, Arkadelphia, AR 71923, USA"
irb> geo.all.size
irb> geo.all.each { |e| puts e.full_address }
900 Sycamore Dr, Arkadelphia, AR 71923, USA
900 Sycamore Dr, Burkburnett, TX 76354, USA
900 Sycamore Dr, TN 38361, USA
....
geo.all is just an array of additional Geolocs, so do what you want with it. If you call .all on a geoloc that doesn't have any additional results, you will get an array of one.
Geokit can cache queries using a simple Query Cache mechanism as described in Yahoo Developer Network article Cache Yahoo! Web Service Calls using Ruby. Note that the code has been adopted and modified to support a range of query caching mechanisms.
If the query cache is turned on, all calls to any geocoding API will be serialized to disk in the /tmp directory, based on URL. So, for example, if an attempt to geocode "San Francisco, CA" results in the geocoding url of:
http://some.geocoding-api.com/?geocode=San+Francisco,+CA
The query cache will first hit the URL and then store the contents of the full Net:HTTP result on disk with the MD5 hash of the url:
/tmp/575ffc9b9f1142bd6dbab2d19560c30c
Subsequent calls to geocode the "San Francisco, CA" will simply load the serialized data from disk, resulting in no outbound HTTP request.
To enable the query cache, set the query cache option to true, and choose a sensible query cache max age to re-query the cache:
Geokit::Geocoders::query_cache = true
Geokit::Geocoders::query_cache_max_age = 86400 # 1 day in seconds
mappable.rb contains the Mappable module, which provides basic distance calculation methods, i.e., calculating the distance between two points.
mappable.rb also contains LatLng, GeoLoc, and Bounds.
LatLng is a simple container for latitude and longitude, but
it's made more powerful by mixing in the above-mentioned Mappable
module -- therefore, you can calculate easily the distance between two
LatLng ojbects with distance = first.distance_to(other)
GeoLoc (also in mappable.rb) represents an address or location which has been geocoded. You can get the city, zipcode, street address, etc. from a GeoLoc object. GeoLoc extends LatLng, so you also get lat/lng AND the Mappable modeule goodness for free.
geocoders.rb contains all the geocoder implementations. All the geocoders inherit from a common base (class Geocoder) and implement the private method do_geocode.
query_cache.rb contains the mechanism for query caching. It includes a disk caching mechanism by default, that must be enabled through settings. It is not used by default.
If you would like to write your own geocoders, you can do so by requiring 'geokit' or 'geokit/geocoders.rb' in a new file and subclassing the base class (which is class "Geocoder"). You must then also require such extenal file back in your main geokit configuration.
require "geokit"
module Geokit
module Geocoders
# Should be overriden as Geokit::Geocoders::external_key in your configuration file
@@external_key = 'REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_API_KEY'
__define_accessors
# Replace name 'External' (below) with the name of your custom geocoder class
# and use :external to specify this geocoder in your list of geocoders.
class ExternalGeocoder < Geocoder
private
def self.do_geocode(address, options = {})
# Main geocoding method
end
def self.parse_http_resp(body) # :nodoc:
# Helper method to parse http response. See geokit/geocoders.rb.
end
end
end
end
Follow the Google Group for updates and discussion on Geokit: http://groups.google.com/group/geokit
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Andre Lewis and Bill Eisenhauer
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.