diff --git a/sumcheck/benches/devirgo_sumcheck.rs b/sumcheck/benches/devirgo_sumcheck.rs
index c4dcfeb3e..f3117a706 100644
--- a/sumcheck/benches/devirgo_sumcheck.rs
+++ b/sumcheck/benches/devirgo_sumcheck.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,12 @@ use multilinear_extensions::{
 };
 use transcript::Transcript;
 
-criterion_group!(benches, sumcheck_fn, devirgo_sumcheck_fn,);
+criterion_group!(
+    benches,
+    sumcheck_serial_fn,
+    sumcheck_fn,
+    devirgo_sumcheck_fn,
+);
 criterion_main!(benches);
 
 const NUM_SAMPLES: usize = 10;
@@ -84,7 +89,7 @@ const RAYON_NUM_THREADS: usize = 8;
 fn sumcheck_fn(c: &mut Criterion) {
     type E = GoldilocksExt2;
 
-    for nv in 24..25 {
+    for nv in 20..25 {
         // expand more input size once runtime is acceptable
         let mut group = c.benchmark_group(format!("sumcheck_nv_{}", nv));
         group.sample_size(NUM_SAMPLES);
@@ -119,10 +124,48 @@ fn sumcheck_fn(c: &mut Criterion) {
     }
 }
 
+fn sumcheck_serial_fn(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    type E = GoldilocksExt2;
+
+    for nv in 20..25 {
+        // expand more input size once runtime is acceptable
+        let mut group = c.benchmark_group(format!("sumcheck_serial_nv_{}", nv));
+        group.sample_size(NUM_SAMPLES);
+
+        // Benchmark the proving time
+        group.bench_function(
+            BenchmarkId::new("prove_sumcheck", format!("sumcheck_serial_nv_{}", nv)),
+            |b| {
+                b.iter_with_setup(
+                    || {
+                        let prover_transcript = Transcript::<E>::new(b"test");
+                        let (asserted_sum, virtual_poly, virtual_poly_splitted) =
+                            { prepare_input(RAYON_NUM_THREADS, nv) };
+                        (
+                            prover_transcript,
+                            asserted_sum,
+                            virtual_poly,
+                            virtual_poly_splitted,
+                        )
+                    },
+                    |(mut prover_transcript, asserted_sum, virtual_poly, virtual_poly_splitted)| {
+                        let (sumcheck_proof_v1_serial, _) = IOPProverState::<E>::prove_serial(
+                            virtual_poly.clone(),
+                            &mut prover_transcript,
+                        );
+                    },
+                );
+            },
+        );
+
+        group.finish();
+    }
+}
+
 fn devirgo_sumcheck_fn(c: &mut Criterion) {
     type E = GoldilocksExt2;
 
-    for nv in 24..25 {
+    for nv in 20..25 {
         // expand more input size once runtime is acceptable
         let mut group = c.benchmark_group(format!("devirgo_nv_{}", nv));
         group.sample_size(NUM_SAMPLES);
diff --git a/sumcheck/examples/devirgo_sumcheck.rs b/sumcheck/examples/devirgo_sumcheck.rs
index 3cc7be741..23d8493a0 100644
--- a/sumcheck/examples/devirgo_sumcheck.rs
+++ b/sumcheck/examples/devirgo_sumcheck.rs
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ const RAYON_NUM_THREADS: usize = 8;
 
 fn main() {
     let mut prover_transcript_v1 = Transcript::<E>::new(b"test");
+    let mut prover_transcript_v1_serial = Transcript::<E>::new(b"test");
     let mut prover_transcript_v2 = Transcript::<E>::new(b"test");
 
     let (asserted_sum, virtual_poly, virtual_poly_splitted) = prepare_input(RAYON_NUM_THREADS);
@@ -113,4 +114,10 @@ fn main() {
 
     println!("v1 finish");
     assert!(sumcheck_proof_v2 == sumcheck_proof_v1);
+
+    let (sumcheck_proof_v1_serial, _) =
+        IOPProverState::<E>::prove_serial(virtual_poly.clone(), &mut prover_transcript_v1_serial);
+
+    println!("v1 serial finish");
+    assert!(sumcheck_proof_v2 == sumcheck_proof_v1_serial);
 }
diff --git a/sumcheck/src/prover.rs b/sumcheck/src/prover.rs
index 4d83e92a2..7d07d1595 100644
--- a/sumcheck/src/prover.rs
+++ b/sumcheck/src/prover.rs
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ impl<E: ExtensionField> IOPProverState<E> {
 
                 let span = entered_span!("extrapolation");
                 let extrapolation = (0..self.poly.aux_info.max_degree - products.len())
-                    .into_par_iter()
+                    .into_iter()
                     .map(|i| {
                         let (points, weights) = &self.extrapolation_aux[products.len() - 1];
                         let at = E::from((products.len() + 1 + i) as u64);
@@ -449,6 +449,80 @@ impl<E: ExtensionField> IOPProverState<E> {
         }
     }
 
+    // The prover runs in sequential mode in the sense that we use the serial version of
+    // fix_variables and eval_partial_poly in each round of sumcheck.
+    pub fn prove_serial(
+        poly: VirtualPolynomial<E>,
+        transcript: &mut Transcript<E>,
+    ) -> (IOPProof<E>, IOPProverState<E>) {
+        let (num_variables, max_degree) = (poly.aux_info.num_variables, poly.aux_info.max_degree);
+
+        // return empty proof when target polymonial is constant
+        if num_variables == 0 {
+            return (
+                IOPProof::default(),
+                IOPProverState {
+                    poly: poly,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+            );
+        }
+        let start = start_timer!(|| "sum check prove");
+
+        transcript.append_message(&num_variables.to_le_bytes());
+        transcript.append_message(&max_degree.to_le_bytes());
+
+        let mut prover_state = Self::prover_init_parallel(poly);
+        let mut challenge = None;
+        let mut prover_msgs = Vec::with_capacity(num_variables);
+        let span = entered_span!("prove_rounds");
+        for _ in 0..num_variables {
+            let prover_msg =
+                IOPProverState::prove_round_and_update_state(&mut prover_state, &challenge);
+
+            prover_msg
+                .evaluations
+                .iter()
+                .for_each(|e| transcript.append_field_element_ext(e));
+
+            prover_msgs.push(prover_msg);
+            let span = entered_span!("get_challenge");
+            challenge = Some(transcript.get_and_append_challenge(b"Internal round"));
+            exit_span!(span);
+        }
+        exit_span!(span);
+
+        let span = entered_span!("after_rounds_prover_state");
+        // pushing the last challenge point to the state
+        if let Some(p) = challenge {
+            prover_state.challenges.push(p);
+            // fix last challenge to collect final evaluation
+            prover_state
+                .poly
+                .flattened_ml_extensions
+                .iter_mut()
+                .for_each(|mle| {
+                    Arc::make_mut(mle).fix_variables_in_place(&[p.elements]);
+                });
+        };
+        exit_span!(span);
+
+        end_timer!(start);
+        (
+            IOPProof {
+                // the point consists of the first elements in the challenge
+                point: prover_state
+                    .challenges
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|challenge| challenge.elements)
+                    .collect(),
+                proofs: prover_msgs,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            prover_state.into(),
+        )
+    }
+
     /// collect all mle evaluation (claim) after sumcheck
     pub fn get_mle_final_evaluations(&self) -> Vec<E> {
         self.poly