Sensitive data committed to history

[github-learning-lab]

Sensitive data elsewhere in the repository contents

Often sensitive data is buried deep in a repository's history. The process for removing these files and commit data is a bit tricker and more involved.

In our repository's history, there is a reference to a .env file with sensitive information. We've since added a .gitignore to prevent this from happening in the future, but it doesn't modify any previously committed references from the history.

There are a few things we need to think about and take into consideration before we start altering our historical content. But for now, let's start with identifying the commit in question by going through our commit history.

Step 12: Find historical reference to a previous .env file

1. Navigate to the Code tab of the repository and click on the commits link directly under the Code tab
2. Scanning through the commit history, locate the commit that added the .env file
3. Copy and paste the commit SHA ID as a comment in this issue

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I'll respond below when you add your comment to this issue.

[saipraveen-a]

848cd8c

[github-learning-lab]

Nice, that's the commit that added the .env file. We'll need to remove the contents of this commit, as well as the commit that removed it from the history.

Step 13: Remove historical reference to a previous .env file

We can do this with the following commands:

1. Since we cloned the repository earlier, let's run git checkout main to put us back on the main branch
2. Run git pull to update your local repository with the changes we merged from the contributor's pull request
3. Run git filter-branch --index-filter "git rm -rf --cached --ignore-unmatch .env" HEAD to remove the historical reference to the .env file

Note: There is a lot going on with this command. We won't be diving into everything this command is doing, but it's filtering through the main branch and removing any cached reference to a .env file.

1. Next, let's run git push -f to force push this change to the main branch
2. Let's now run git log --oneline to get a list of our modified commit history
3. Paste your log output into this issue as a comment

Here is an example of a log output using `git log --oneline`:

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d27dde6 (HEAD -> main, origin/main, origin/HEAD) Merge pull request #8 from saipraveen-a/add-gitignore
65c1b71 Update .gitignore
a9b1b74 Merge add-wolverine-image into main
e2262cd Add wolverine image to game
9414843 Merge pull request #6 from saipraveen-a/a-a-ron-patch-1
16d5372 Create SECURITY.md
28b3625 Merge pull request #1 from saipraveen-a/update-dependency
3f7b819 Update package.json
e9ae69a Change package.json file to highlight where dependency update should go
831b1d1 Add empty .gitignore file
78cfef0 Remove .env file
8f08f15 Add .env file
e6e2377 Update README.md and Octocat game
528248c Initial commit

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I'll respond below when I see your comment

[saipraveen-a]

be191ce (HEAD -> main, origin/main, origin/HEAD) Merge pull request #8 from saipraveen-a/add-gitignore
2ffbd72 Update .gitignore
a699689 Merge add-wolverine-image into main
4e75fc2 Add wolverine image to game
7450be5 Merge pull request #6 from saipraveen-a/saipraveen-a-patch-1
02d6edb Create SECURITY.md
437cb1a Merge pull request #1 from saipraveen-a/update-dependency
d3e1ac5 Update package.json
e9ae69a Change package.json file to highlight where dependency update should go
831b1d1 Add empty .gitignore file
78cfef0 Remove .env file
8f08f15 Add .env file
e6e2377 Update README.md and Octocat game
528248c Initial commit

[github-learning-lab]

Nice, your log output is no longer showing reference to those previous commits. So, what exactly just happened?

Our commit history has been modified

You probably noticed that when you ran the git filter-branch command, Git did some rewriting to some commits in the repository's history. Since we needed to alter the commits that referenced the .env file, it altered the commit ID, and all proceeding commits that point back to those commits.

This is why you need to consider local work and branches that are based on this previous history. This is okay to run, as long as everyone contributing in the repository is aware of the situation and can plan accordingly.

Is the sensitive information gone?

Those commits no longer show in the file contents in your repository history. You can see this by navigating to your repository's commit history and clicking on the "Add .env file" commit. Notice that there are now no referenced files or content recorded.

However, we can still access the cached commit if we know the old commit ID: 848cd8c

Removing the old cached commits

This is where we'll need to contact the amazing GitHub Support team for assistance.

Even though we removed these commits, the historical reference to them can still be found if you know the commit ID. In a real world situation, you'll need to contact GitHub Support to perform the following:

• Run garbage collection on the repository to remove these unreferenced commit(s)
• Invalidate the Git cache to permanently remove any cached references

For our situation, we can skip contacting GitHub Support for this example! 😄

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