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Contributing to garage

We welcome all contributions to garage.

Use this guide to prepare your contribution.

Pull requests

All contributions to the garage codebase are submitted via a GitHub pull request.

Review process

To be submitted, a pull request must satisfy the following criteria:

  1. Rebases cleanly on the master branch
  2. Passes all continuous integration tests
  3. Conforms to the git commit message format
  4. Receives approval from another contributor
  5. Receives approval from a maintainer (distinct from the contributor review)

These criteria may be satisfied in any order, but in practice your PR is unlikely to get attention from contributors until 1-3 are satisfied. Maintainer attention is a scarce resource, so generally maintainers wait for a review from a non-maintainer contributor before reviewing your PR.

Preparing your repo to make contributions

After following the standard garage setup steps, make sure to run to install the pre-commit hooks into your repository. pre-commit helps streamline the pull request process by catching basic problems locally before they are checked by the CI.

To setup pre-commit in your repo:

# make sure your Python environment is activated, e.g.
# conda activate garage
# pipenv shell
# poetry shell
# source venv/bin/activate
pre-commit install -t pre-commit
pre-commit install -t pre-push
pre-commit install -t commit-msg

Once you've installed pre-commit, it will automatically run every time you type git commit.

Code style

The Python code in garage conforms to the PEP8 standard. Please read and understand it in detail.

garage-specific Python style

These are garage-specific rules which are not part of the aforementioned style guides.

  • Python package imports should be sorted alphabetically within their PEP8 groupings.

    The sorting is alphabetical from left to right, ignoring case and Python keywords (i.e. import, from, as). Notable exceptions apply in __init__.py files, where sometimes this rule will trigger a circular import.

  • Prefer single-quoted strings ('foo') over double-quoted strings ("foo").

    Double-quoted strings can be used if there is a compelling escape or formatting reason for using single quotes (e.g. a single quote appears inside the string).

  • Prefer f-strings for string interpolation.

    Keep this consistent within a file. When editing a file, if you encounter non f-string interpolation syntax (e.g. 'Hello, {}!.format('World) or 'Hello, %s!' % 'World'), either use the existing format or convert all interpolations in the file to use f-strings.

  • Add convenience imports in __init__.py of a package for shallow first-level repetitive imports, but not for subpackages, even if that subpackage is defined in a single .py file.

    For instance, if an import line reads from garage.foo.bar import Bar then you should add from garage.foo.bar import Bar to garage/foo/__init__.py so that users may instead write from garage.foo import Bar. However, if an import line reads from garage.foo.bar.stuff import Baz, do not add from garage.foo.bar.stuff import Baz to garage/foo/__init__.py, because that obscures the stuff subpackage.

    Do

    garage/foo/__init__.py:

    """Foo package."""
from garage.foo.bar import Bar

    garage/barp/bux.py:

    """Bux tools for barps."""
from garage.foo import Bar
from garage.foo.stuff import Baz

    Don't

    garage/foo/__init__.py:

    """Foo package."""
from garage.foo.bar import Bar
from garage.foo.bar.stuff import Baz

    garage/barp/bux.py:

    """Bux tools for barps."""
from garage.foo import Bar
from garage.foo import Baz

  • Imports within the same package should be absolute, to avoid creating circular dependencies due to convenience imports in __init__.py

    Do

    garage/foo/bar.py

    from garage.foo.baz import Baz

b = Baz()

    Don't

    garage/foo/bar.py

    from garage.foo import Baz  # this could lead to a circular import, if Baz is imported in garage/foo/__init__.py

b = Baz()

  • Base and interface classes (i.e. classes which are not intended to ever be instantiated) should use the abc package to declare themselves as abstract.

    i.e. your class should inherit from abc.ABC or use the metaclass abc.ABCMeta, it should declare its methods abstract (e.g. using @abc.abstractmethod) as-appropriate. Abstract methods should all use pass as their implementation, not raise NotImplementedError

    Do

    import abc

class Robot(abc.ABC):
    """Interface for robots."""

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def beep(self):
        pass

    Don't

    class Robot(object):
    "Base class for robots."""

    def beep(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

  • When using external dependencies, use the import statement only to import whole modules, not individual classes or functions.

    This applies to both packages from the standard library and 3rd-party dependencies. If a package has a long or cumbersome full path, or is used very frequently (e.g. numpy, tensorflow), you may use the keyword as to create a file-specific name which makes sense. Additionally, you should always follow the community concensus short names for common dependencies (see below).

    Do

    import collections

import gym.spaces

from garage.tf.models import MLPModel

q = collections.deque(10)
d = gym.spaces.Discrete(5)
m = MLPModel(output_dim=2)

    Don't

    from collections import deque

from gym.spaces import Discrete
import tensorflow as tf

from garage.tf.models import MLPModel

q = deque(10)
d = Discrete(5)
m = MLPModel(output_dim=2)

    Known community-concensus imports

    import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_probability as tfp
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
import dowel.logger as logger
import dowel.tabular as tabular

Other languages

Non-Python files (including XML, HTML, CSS, JS, and Shell Scripts) should follow the Google Style Guide for that language

YAML files should use 2 spaces for indentation.

Whitespace (all languages)

  • Use Unix-style line endings
  • Trim trailing whitespace from all lines
  • All files should end in a single newline

Documentation

Python files should provide docstrings for all public methods which follow PEP257 docstring conventions and Google docstring formatting. A good docstring example can be found here.

Docstrings

  • Docstrings for __init__ should be included in the class docstring as suggested in the Google example.
  • Docstrings should provide full type information for all arguments, return values, exceptions, etc. according to the Google format
  • When documenting fields which are numpy arrays or other tensor types (and collections thereof), please carefully document the expected input shape of the field. See below for shape conventions.
  • For shapes and equations, use the Sphinx :math: directive to render them properly with mathematical symbols.

Conventions for documenting tensor shapes

Data which include a meaningful time-series dimension (e.g. trajectories) should always document that dimension explicitly, even if that dimension has been flattened out. Data containing only non time-series samples should omit the time dimension.

Always use the Sphinx :math: directive to render your shapes properly.

Symbol Description
(...) Tensor shapes are enclosed in parentheses, e.g a batch of (N, S^*) samples
N Batch dimension (e.g. trajectories or samples)
T Time dimension
.^* Variadic parts of a tensor shape, which will be broadcast or ignored are denoted with a *, e.g. S^*
[.] Variable-length dimensions are enclosed in square brackets, e.g. [K] if K is the dimension variable
\bullet Flattening operator, e.g. N \bullet T has length N * T. N \bullet [T] has length \sum_{i \in N} [T]_i

Example

def concatenate_time(paths):
    """Concatenate a list of variable-length tensors along the time dimemsion.

    Concatenates a list `paths` of `N` variable-length time-series tensors
    along their time dimension, producing a single time-series tensor with the
    component tensors arranged along a single batch dimension.

    Args:
        paths (list[numpy.ndarray]): A list of :math:`N` tensors to combine
            into a single batch of tensors, with elements of shape
            :math:`([T], S^*)`

    Returns:
        numpy.ndarray: Time-flattened version of `paths`, with shape
            :math:`(N \bullet [T], S^*)`
    """

Application guide

Newly created Python files should follow all of the above standards for docstrings.

Non-trivially modified Python files should be submitted with updated docstrings according to the above standard.

New or heavily-redesigned modules with non-trivial APIs and functionality should provide full text documentation, in addition to docstrings, which covers:

  • Explanation of the purpose of the module or API
  • Brief overview of its design
  • Usage examples for the most common use cases
  • Explicitly calls out common gotchas, misunderstandings, etc.
  • A quick summary of how to go about advanced usage, configuration, or extension

Testing

garage maintains a test suite to ensure that future changes do not break existing functionality. We use TravisCI to run a unit test suite on every pull request before merging.

  • New functionality should always include unit tests and, where appropriate, integration tests.
  • PRs fixing bugs which were not caught by an existing test should always include a test replicating the bug

Creating Tests

Add a test for your functionality under the garage/tests/ directory. Make sure your test filename is prepended with test(i.e. test_<filename>.py) to ensure the test will be run in the CI.

Git

Workflow

garage uses a linear commit history and rebase-only merging.

This means that no merge commits appear in the project history. All pull requests, regardless of number of commits, are squashed to a single atomic commit at merge time.

Do's and Don'ts for avoiding accidental merge commits and other headaches:

  • Don't use GitHub's "Update branch" button on pull requests, no matter how tempting it seems
  • Don't use git merge
  • Don't use git pull (unless git tells you that your branch can be fast-forwarded)
  • Don't make commits in the master branch---always use a feature branch
  • Do fetch upstream (rlworkgroup/garage) frequently and keep your master branch up-to-date with upstream
  • Do rebase your feature branch on master frequently
  • Do keep only one or a few commits in your feature branch, and use git commit --amend to update your changes. This helps prevent long chains of identical merges during a rebase.

Please see this guide for a tutorial on the workflow. Note: unlike the guide, we don't use separate develop/master branches, so all PRs should be based on master rather than develop

Commit message format

garage follows the git commit message guidelines documented here and here. You can also find an in-depth guide to writing great commit messages here

In short:

  • All commit messages have an informative subject line of 50 characters
  • A newline between the subject and the body
  • If relevant, an informative body which is wrapped to 72 characters

Git recipes

These recipes assume you are working out of a private GitHub fork.

If you are working directly as a contributor to rlworkgroup, you can replace references to rlworkgroup with origin. You also, of course, do not need to add rlworkgroup as a remote, since it will be origin in your repository.

Clone your GitHub fork and setup the rlworkgroup remote

git clone [email protected]:<your_github_username>/garage.git
cd garage
git remote add rlworkgroup [email protected]:rlworkgroup/garage.git
git fetch rlworkgroup

Update your GitHub fork with the latest from upstream

git fetch rlworkgroup
git reset --hard master rlworkgroup/master
git push -f origin master

Make a new feature branch and push it to your fork

git checkout master
git checkout -b myfeaturebranch
# make some changes
git add file1 file2 file3
git commit # Write a commit message conforming to the guidelines
git push origin myfeaturebranch

Rebase a feature branch so it's up-to-date with upstream and push it to your fork

git checkout master
git fetch rlworkgroup
git reset --hard rlworkgroup/master
git checkout myfeaturebranch
git rebase master
# you may need to manually reconcile merge conflicts here. Follow git's instructions.
git push -f origin myfeaturebranch # -f is frequently necessary because rebases rewrite history

Release

Modify CHANGELOG.md

For each release in garage, modify CHANGELOG.md with the most relevant changes from the latest release. The format is based on Keep a Changelog, which adheres to Semantic Versioning.