debian.txt

Best Results on a fresh debian installation

( Based on Debian 11 KDE ) 
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Add user to sudoers file. (Required for sudo )

Enter root shell by typing SU In the Terminal/Konsole.

Verify that sudo is installed:

sudo apt install sudo

Edit sudoers file:

sudo nano /etc/sudoers

Add your user below %sudo

EXAMPLE:
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo	ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
matt    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
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Enable Contrib and Non-Free packages.

Open main software properties menu using terminal/konsole:

sudo software-properties-kde

Enable all listed options containing | MAIN   CONTRIB   NON-FREE | 

If you installed Debian from a pre-built ISO you may need to disabled the CDROM: Repository to avoid errors
to do this use the "OTHER SOFTWARE" tab and make sure cdrom: is NOT checked. 

To enable Update checking, go to the "UPDATES" tab and enable "Check for update". As well as any other update options you desire. 
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Adding Backports Repository ( Optional )

To install an application from the backports repository, you must first add the repository to your system. 

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Go to the end of the file and paste the below two lines:

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

sudo apt update
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To install an application from the backport repository, you must specify the source of the package in terminal/konsole. 

EXAMPLE:
sudo apt -t bullseye-backports install <package name>
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Enable 32bit package downloads. ( Required for some applications )

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Refresh package index:

sudo apt update
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Find fastest mirrors. ( Optional )

install netselect-apt

sudo apt install netselect-apt

Run command:

netselect-apt

A list of mirrors ranked by speed will be places in your home directory
Copy this list to  /etc/apt/sources.list

Refresh package index:

sudo apt-get update
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Enable support for Snap and Flatpak packages in the Discover package manager:

sudo apt install plasma-discover-backend-snap

sudo apt install plasma-discover-backend-flatpak

Add the Flathub Repository by typing the following in Terminal/konsole:

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

changes will take effect after rebooting the system
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Basic Package Installers:

sudo apt install synaptic

for Gnome/GTK Desktops use gdebi:

sudo apt install gdebi

for KDE/QT Desktops use qapt installer:

sudo apt install qapt-deb-installer

sudo apt install qapt-utils
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Install non-free codecs and other media components. ( Optional )

NOTE: These must be installed seperatly to avoid errors / conflicts.

sudo apt install ffmpeg

sudo apt install libavcodec-extra

sudo apt install ttf-mscorefonts-installer

sudo apt install libdvdcss2

sudo apt install libdvd-pkg

sudo dpkg-reconfigure libdvd-pkg

sudo apt install ffmpegthumbnailer

sudo apt install ffmpegthumbs

sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad

sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly

sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-libav

sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-tools

sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-vaapi

sudo apt install tumbler-plugins-extra

sudo apt install kdegraphics-thumbnailers
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Install Linux Firmware and base packages:

sudo apt install firmware-linux firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-misc-nonfree && sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r) dkms
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Utility Applications:

sudo apt install rar unrar p7zip-rar
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Fix QT Themeing on GTK based Desktops.

sudo apt install qt5-style-plugins

Run the following command to set the
environment variable. 

echo "export QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME=gtk2" >> ~/.profile

Log out and back in, or reboot your machine for changes to take effect. 
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Install Nvidia Drivers.  ( Only use if you have Nvidia Hardware )

sudo apt install nvidia-detect

Run command:

nvidia-detect

Install the recommended driver shown

Example:

sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r) nvidia-legacy-340xx-driver 

Create an Xorg configuration for your gpu

mkdir /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d

nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf

Now add below contents to the file and save

Section "Device"
Identifier "My GPU"
Driver "nvidia"
EndSection


changes will take effect after rebooting the system.

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Install and enable "ALL" Wifi Functions for Broadcom WiFi. 

The default non-free firmware only gives you basic functionality. To get the most out of your Brodcom WiFi chip, install the following firmware packages.  

sudo apt install broadcom-sta-dkms broadcom-sta-common firmware-brcm80211

changes will take effect after rebooting the system.
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Install Bluetooth packages. 

sudo apt install bluetooth bluez bluez-firmware bluez-cups bluez-tools firmware-atheros firmware-iwlwifi pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-zeroconf

changes will take effect after rebooting the system.
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Install Virt-Manager/QEMU Virtual Machine Manager

Install on HOST:

sudo apt install qemu qemu-system qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon libvirt-clients bridge-utils virt-manager libvirt-daemon-system virtinst qemu-utils virt-viewer spice-client-gtk gir1.2-spiceclientgtk-3.0 gir1.2-spiceclientglib-2.0 ebtables

sudo virsh net-start default

sudo virsh net-autostart default

sudo modprobe vhost_net

sudo usermod -G libvirt -a $USER

sudo usermod -G kvm -a $USER

Install on Linux GUEST:

sudo apt install spice-vdagent xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xspice libspice-protocol-dev qemu-guest-agent

For Windows GUEST:

install virtio-win-guest-tools.exe, virt-viewer, and UsbDk
See the folliwing Documentation for instructions. 

https://github.com/virtio-win/virtio-win-pkg-scripts/blob/master/README.md
https://www.spice-space.org/download.html
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Installing Virtualbox on supported hardware: 

sudo apt install gnupg2

wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bullseye contrib" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list

sudo apt update

sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r) dkms

sudo apt install virtualbox-6.1

sudo gpasswd -a $USER vboxusers

Download Guest Additions here: 
https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
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Improve font rendering in Debian. ( Optional )

Show hidden files in file manager.

Create file /home/user/.fonts.conf

Copy and paste the following text into file

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
<fontconfig>
 <match target="font">
  <edit mode="assign" name="rgba">
   <const>rgb</const>
  </edit>
 </match>
 <match target="font">
  <edit mode="assign" name="hinting">
   <bool>true</bool>
  </edit>
 </match>
 <match target="font">
  <edit mode="assign" name="hintstyle">
   <const>hintslight</const>
  </edit>
 </match>
 <match target="font">
  <edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
   <bool>true</bool>
  </edit>
 </match>
  <match target="font">
    <edit mode="assign" name="lcdfilter">
      <const>lcddefault</const>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>

changes will take effect after rebooting the system.
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Open KDE Settings as Root:

pkexec env DISPLAY=$DISPLAY XAUTHORITY=$XAUTHORITY KDE_SESSION_VERSION=5 KDE_FULL_SESSION=true dbus-launch systemsettings5

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Hide Partitions on Boot:  ( Optional )

Create a new file /etc/udev/rules.d/99-hide-partitions.rules and add one line per partition you want to hide like so:
( change "sda*" to match the partition you wish to hide )
	
KERNEL=="sda1",ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"
KERNEL=="sda2",ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"

You should be able to dynamically activate it as root:

  # udevadm trigger --verbose
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Install a Newer Kernel on Debian from Debian Backports repository. ( Optional )

This is generally only recommended if you have issues with hardware compatibility with the default Debian kernel. Or require features or functionality not present in the default Debian kernel. 

While Newer Kernels often contain Drivers for newer hardware as well as other improvements, adding a backported kernel to a fixed release distro such as Debian increases the risk for system instability and bugs.
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To install an application from the backports repository, you must first add the repository to your system. 

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Go to the end of the file and paste the below two lines:

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

sudo apt update
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To install the latest backported kernel 

sudo apt install -t bullseye-backports linux-image-amd64

sudo apt install -t bullseye-backports firmware-linux firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-misc-nonfree

Reboot your system for changes to take effect. 

To display a list of all available kernels use aptitude search.

aptitude search linux-image
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To remove older unused kernels on your system run the following command 
( Not recommended )

sudo apt-get remove $(dpkg -l|egrep '^ii  linux-(im|he)'|awk '{print $2}'|grep -v `uname -r`) && sudo apt autoremove

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Backup / Restore installed APT packages

# Backup your packages list to your home directory
# Get a packages list
dpkg --get-selections > ~/Package.list

# Copy list of repositories to your home directory
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list ~/sources.list

# Export repo keys to your home directory
sudo apt-key exportall > ~/Repo.keys

# Restore packages from your home directory
sudo apt-key add ~/Repo.keys
sudo cp ~/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dselect
sudo apt-get install $(cat ~/Package.list | awk '{print $1}')

#NOTE: if SUDO is not configured, Simply use root terminal or SU. 

#CRITICAL: Any packages installed using a .DEB file or other source not
included in your repositories/sources.list, must be removed from Package.list before restoring to avoid errors. These packages will need to be reinstalled manually. 


CreditMatthew_Moore 


SPECIAL CREDIT TO:
  Matthew_Moore