1_Introducing_IPython_Notebook.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "> Created by Teodora Szasz, tszasz@uchicago.edu"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# <h1 align=\"center\">1. Introducing IPython Notebook</h1>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### A. Code cells\n",
    "- Type in a cell the following command, and press `Shift+Enter` to execute it:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello world!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- Let's do a simple arithmetic operation:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2+2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- Find the value of the last returned object with the _ (underscore) special variable:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "12"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "_ * 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- IPython accepts also shell commands. Those are defined by the operating system (Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, etc.). We first type `!` in a cell before typing the shell command. Here, we get the list of notebooks in the current directory:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1_Introducing_IPython_Notebook.ipynb\r\n",
      "2_Interactive_Data_Analysis_with_pandas.ipynb\r\n",
      "3_NumPy_for_fast_array_computations.ipynb\r\n",
      "4_Interactive_Plotting_and_Graphical_Interfaces.ipynb\r\n",
      "5_Distributing_tasks_on_several_cores_IPython.parallel.ipynb\r\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls *.ipynb"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- IPython comes with a library of **magic commands**. They all start with `%` (percent character). You can get the list of all magic commands with `%lsmagic`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/json": {
       "cell": {
        "!": "OSMagics",
        "HTML": "Other",
        "SVG": "Other",
        "bash": "Other",
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        "debug": "ExecutionMagics",
        "file": "Other",
        "html": "DisplayMagics",
        "javascript": "DisplayMagics",
        "js": "DisplayMagics",
        "latex": "DisplayMagics",
        "perl": "Other",
        "prun": "ExecutionMagics",
        "pypy": "Other",
        "python": "Other",
        "python2": "Other",
        "python3": "Other",
        "ruby": "Other",
        "script": "ScriptMagics",
        "sh": "Other",
        "svg": "DisplayMagics",
        "sx": "OSMagics",
        "system": "OSMagics",
        "time": "ExecutionMagics",
        "timeit": "ExecutionMagics",
        "writefile": "OSMagics"
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       "line": {
        "alias": "OSMagics",
        "alias_magic": "BasicMagics",
        "autocall": "AutoMagics",
        "automagic": "AutoMagics",
        "autosave": "KernelMagics",
        "bookmark": "OSMagics",
        "cat": "Other",
        "cd": "OSMagics",
        "clear": "KernelMagics",
        "colors": "BasicMagics",
        "config": "ConfigMagics",
        "connect_info": "KernelMagics",
        "cp": "Other",
        "debug": "ExecutionMagics",
        "dhist": "OSMagics",
        "dirs": "OSMagics",
        "doctest_mode": "BasicMagics",
        "ed": "Other",
        "edit": "KernelMagics",
        "env": "OSMagics",
        "gui": "BasicMagics",
        "hist": "Other",
        "history": "HistoryMagics",
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        "magic": "BasicMagics",
        "man": "KernelMagics",
        "matplotlib": "PylabMagics",
        "mkdir": "Other",
        "more": "KernelMagics",
        "mv": "Other",
        "notebook": "BasicMagics",
        "page": "BasicMagics",
        "pastebin": "CodeMagics",
        "pdb": "ExecutionMagics",
        "pdef": "NamespaceMagics",
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        "pprint": "BasicMagics",
        "precision": "BasicMagics",
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        "pushd": "OSMagics",
        "pwd": "OSMagics",
        "pycat": "OSMagics",
        "pylab": "PylabMagics",
        "qtconsole": "KernelMagics",
        "quickref": "BasicMagics",
        "recall": "HistoryMagics",
        "rehashx": "OSMagics",
        "reload_ext": "ExtensionMagics",
        "rep": "Other",
        "rerun": "HistoryMagics",
        "reset": "NamespaceMagics",
        "reset_selective": "NamespaceMagics",
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        "rmdir": "Other",
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        "who": "NamespaceMagics",
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        "whos": "NamespaceMagics",
        "xdel": "NamespaceMagics",
        "xmode": "BasicMagics"
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      "text/plain": [
       "Available line magics:\n",
       "%alias  %alias_magic  %autocall  %automagic  %autosave  %bookmark  %cat  %cd  %clear  %colors  %config  %connect_info  %cp  %debug  %dhist  %dirs  %doctest_mode  %ed  %edit  %env  %gui  %hist  %history  %killbgscripts  %ldir  %less  %lf  %lk  %ll  %load  %load_ext  %loadpy  %logoff  %logon  %logstart  %logstate  %logstop  %ls  %lsmagic  %lx  %macro  %magic  %man  %matplotlib  %mkdir  %more  %mv  %notebook  %page  %pastebin  %pdb  %pdef  %pdoc  %pfile  %pinfo  %pinfo2  %popd  %pprint  %precision  %profile  %prun  %psearch  %psource  %pushd  %pwd  %pycat  %pylab  %qtconsole  %quickref  %recall  %rehashx  %reload_ext  %rep  %rerun  %reset  %reset_selective  %rm  %rmdir  %run  %save  %sc  %set_env  %store  %sx  %system  %tb  %time  %timeit  %unalias  %unload_ext  %who  %who_ls  %whos  %xdel  %xmode\n",
       "\n",
       "Available cell magics:\n",
       "%%!  %%HTML  %%SVG  %%bash  %%capture  %%debug  %%file  %%html  %%javascript  %%js  %%latex  %%perl  %%prun  %%pypy  %%python  %%python2  %%python3  %%ruby  %%script  %%sh  %%svg  %%sx  %%system  %%time  %%timeit  %%writefile\n",
       "\n",
       "Automagic is ON, % prefix IS NOT needed for line magics."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%lsmagic"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- You can find more information about any command by adding a `?` after it. For example, here is how we get help about the `%%writefile` magic command:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%writefile?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- Let's try `%%writefile` cell magic to create a text file:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting test.txt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%writefile test.txt\n",
    "Hello world!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- Exercise: Verify if the file \"test.txt\" was creted."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Let's check what this file contains.\n",
    "with open('test.txt', 'r') as f:\n",
    "    print(f.read())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### B. Markdown cells\n",
    "- Until now, we only created **code cells**, i.e. cells that contain... code. There are other types of cells, notably **Markdown cells**. Those contain rich text formatted with **Markdown**, a popular plain text formatting syntax. This format supports normal text, headers, bold, italics, hypertext links, images, mathematical equations in LaTeX, code, HTML elements, and other features, as shown below.\n",
    "- More information about **Markdown**: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### New paragraph\n",
    "\n",
    "This is *rich* **text** with [links](http://ipython.org), equations:\n",
    "\n",
    "$$\\hat{f}(\\xi) = \\int_{-\\infty}^{+\\infty} f(x)\\, \\mathrm{e}^{-i \\xi x}$$\n",
    "\n",
    "code with syntax highlighting:\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "print(\"Hello world!\")\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "and images:\n",
    "\n",
    "![This is an image](https://rcc.uchicago.edu/sites/rcc.uchicago.edu/files/styles/slideshow-image/public/uploads/images/slideshows/reg_216_4.JPG?itok=sQl8_k_i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### New paragraph\n",
    "\n",
    "This is *rich* **text** with [links](http://ipython.org), equations:\n",
    "\n",
    "$$\\hat{f}(\\xi) = \\int_{-\\infty}^{+\\infty} f(x)\\, \\mathrm{e}^{-i \\xi x}$$\n",
    "\n",
    "code with syntax highlighting:\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "print(\"Hello world!\")\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "and images:\n",
    "\n",
    "![This is an image](https://rcc.uchicago.edu/sites/rcc.uchicago.edu/files/styles/slideshow-image/public/uploads/images/slideshows/reg_216_4.JPG?itok=sQl8_k_i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- By combining code cells and Markdown cells, you can create a standalone interactive document that combines computations (code), text and graphics."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### C. Add HTML, SVG, and Youtube videos\n",
    "- Python also comes with a sophisticated display system that lets you insert rich web elements in the notebook. Here, we show how to add HTML, SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) and even Youtube videos in a notebook."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- First, we have to import some classes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from IPython.display import HTML, SVG, YouTubeVideo"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- We create an HTML table dynamically with Python, and we display it in the (HTML-based) notebook:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "<table style=\"border: 2px solid black;\">\n",
       "<tr><td>0,0</td><td>0,1</td><td>0,2</td><td>0,3</td><td>0,4</td></tr><tr><td>1,0</td><td>1,1</td><td>1,2</td><td>1,3</td><td>1,4</td></tr><tr><td>2,0</td><td>2,1</td><td>2,2</td><td>2,3</td><td>2,4</td></tr><tr><td>3,0</td><td>3,1</td><td>3,2</td><td>3,3</td><td>3,4</td></tr><tr><td>4,0</td><td>4,1</td><td>4,2</td><td>4,3</td><td>4,4</td></tr>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "HTML('''\n",
    "<table style=\"border: 2px solid black;\">\n",
    "''' + \n",
    "''.join(['<tr>' + \n",
    "         ''.join(['<td>{row},{col}</td>'.format(\n",
    "            row=row, col=col\n",
    "            ) for col in range(5)]) +\n",
    "         '</tr>' for row in range(5)]) +\n",
    "'''\n",
    "</table>\n",
    "''')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "invalid syntax (<ipython-input-11-29fe9ae4bc20>, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;36m  File \u001b[0;32m\"<ipython-input-11-29fe9ae4bc20>\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m    - Similarly, we create a SVG graphics dynamically:\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m                         ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "- Similarly, we create a SVG graphics dynamically:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/svg+xml": [
       "<svg height=\"80\" width=\"600\"><circle cx=\"300\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"0.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle><circle cx=\"297\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"3.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle><circle cx=\"288\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"6.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle><circle cx=\"273\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"9.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle><circle cx=\"252\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"12.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle><circle cx=\"225\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"15.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle><circle cx=\"192\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"18.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle><circle cx=\"153\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"21.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle><circle cx=\"108\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"24.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle><circle cx=\"57\" cy=\"30\" fill=\"red\" r=\"27.0\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\">\n",
       "        </circle></svg>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.SVG object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "SVG('''<svg width=\"600\" height=\"80\">''' + \n",
    "''.join(['''<circle cx=\"{x}\" cy=\"{y}\" r=\"{r}\"\n",
    "        fill=\"red\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke=\"black\">\n",
    "        </circle>'''.format(\n",
    "            x=(30+3*i)*(10-i), y=30, r=3.*float(i)\n",
    "        ) for i in range(10)]) + \n",
    "'''</svg>''')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Let's display a Youtube video by giving its identifier to `YoutubeVideo`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/jpeg": 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      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "        <iframe\n",
       "            width=\"400\"\n",
       "            height=\"300\"\n",
       "            src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/qb7FT68tcA8\"\n",
       "            frameborder=\"0\"\n",
       "            allowfullscreen\n",
       "        ></iframe>\n",
       "        "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.lib.display.YouTubeVideo at 0x104bef2e8>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "YouTubeVideo('qb7FT68tcA8')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### D. Graphical control"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from ipywidgets import interact"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- First, we add the `@interact` decorator above the funtion's definition"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The square of 4 is 16.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@interact(x=(0,10))\n",
    "def square(x):\n",
    "    print(\"The square of %d is %d.\" %(x, x**2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Some useful references:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "- The main Jupyter documentation: https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/\n",
    "- The main IPython page: https://ipython.org/\n",
    "- Try Jupyter online at: https://try.jupyter.org\n",
    "- Getting started with Python: https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted\n",
    "- Interactive tutorial on Python: http://www.learnpython.org\n",
    "- Documentation about all magic commands: https://ipython.org/ipython-doc/dev/interactive/magics.html\n",
    "        "
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "anaconda-cloud": {},
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python [default]",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.5.2"
  },
  "widgets": {
   "state": {
    "c384c7b007b84103b1662470d98a5f27": {
     "views": [
      {
       "cell_index": 34
      }
     ]
    }
   },
   "version": "1.2.0"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 1
}