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Docker Commands and Instructions

Commands

Note: See more/detailed information at Docker CLI Commandline Documentation.

Images-Related

  • Viewing container images: docker images
  • Listing dangling images: docker images --quiet --filter "dangling=true"
  • Removing container images:
    • docker rmi <image id>
    • Remove forcefully (some have a dependency and don't get removed otherwise): docker rmi -f <image id>
  • Removing all images: docker rmi $(docker images -q)
  • Removing dangling images: 
    # This one worked for me in Windows cmd
FOR /f "tokens=*" %i IN ('docker images -q -f "dangling=true"') DO docker rmi %i 

# This should work too (in Powershell), but it didn't. 
docker rmi $(docker images -qf dangling=true)
  • Searching for images from Microsoft: docker search microsoft
  • Viewing container logs" docker logs <container name/ID>
  • Copying image from one server to another: 
    # Step 1: Save the docker image as a tar file on the source server. 
# Usage: docker save -o <file path to image tar> <image name>
docker save -o c:\aspnetblogapplication_db.tar aspnetblogapplication_db

# Step 2: Copy the tar file to the destination server.

# Step 3: Load the tar file into an image on the destination server.
# Usage: docker load -i <path to image tar file> 
docker load -i c:\aspnetblogapplication_db.tar

Containers-Related

  • Viewing containers
    • All running containers: docker ps
    • All containers: docker ps -a
    • Formatting the output: 
      docker ps --format "{{.ID}}: {{.Command}} | {{.Ports}} | {{.Names}}"
      See more options in the documentation > formatting).
  • Stopping a container: docker stop <container id>
  • Stopping all containers: 
    # kill all running containers
$ docker kill $(docker ps -q)
$ sudo docker kill $(sudo docker ps -q)

# Delete all stopped containers
$ docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

# Delete all images
$ docker rmi $(docker images -q)
  • Removing a container: docker rm <container id>
  • Deleting all stopped containers: docker rm -vf $(docker ps -qa) 
    docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
sudo docker rm $(sudo docker ps -a -q)
  • Running a command inside a container: docker exec -it <container name> <command> (e.g., docker exec -it mongo_01 powershell)
  • Inspecting a container: docker inspect <container id>
  • Finding the IPv4 address of the container: docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.Networks.nat.IPAddress }}' <Container ID>, where Container ID is the tag or ID of the container.

Host and Daemon Management

  • Viewing Docker version: docker --version (long-hand) or docker -v (short-hand)
  • Viewing system-wide info (such as running/paused/stopped containers, OS system info, etc.): docker info
  • Logging in to Docker hub: docker login --username <username> --password <password>
  • Starting and stopping Docker service (daemon):
    • Using Powershell: Start-Service docker and Stop-Service docker
  • Networking
    • Listing networks (on a Docker host):
      • docker network ls
      • Powershell command: Get-ContainerNetwork (provides you additional information such as Subnets)
    • Removing a network: docker network rm <network name> (e.g., docker network rm nat)
    • Finding more information about a network: docker network inspect <network name>

Registry Related

  • To push or pull from your own registry, you need to use registry's location that looks like this: my.registry.address:port/repositoryname. See some examples here
Example: 
docker pull devops-repo.myorg.com/context/pravega:0.5.0-2134.4701d0e

  • Handling bad certificates/self-signed certificate errors

    Say, you run the command docker pull devops-repo.myorg/context/pravega:0.5.0-2134.4701d0e. You get a Docker error: X509: certificate signed by unknown authority.

    $ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect                \
  devops-repo.myorg:8112 </dev/null 2>/dev/null | \
  openssl x509 -outform PEM > devops-repo.crt

# Add it globally
mv devops-repo.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates

# update global certificates definitions
update-ca-certificates

# restart affected services
systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

docker pull devops-repo.myorg.com/context/pravega:0.5.0-2134.4701d0e

  • Pushing Pravega images to a Docker Hub Repository

    1. Make code changes.
    2. $ ./gradlew docker to generate the images.
    3. Login to DOcker Hub. docker login
    4. Re-tag the images: 
      docker tag pravega/pravega:0.5.0-2211.938123e-SNAPSHOT shardar/pravega:0.5.0-2211.938123e-SNAPSHOT
docker tag pravega/bookkeeper:0.5.0-2211.938123e-SNAPSHOT shardar/bookkeeper:0.5.0-2211.938123e-SNAPSHOT
    5. Push them to my repo. 
      docker push shardar/pravega:0.5.0-2211.938123e-SNAPSHOT
docker push shardar/bookkeeper:0.5.0-2211.938123e-SNAPSHOT

Further Reading:

Quick Reference: Dockerfile instructions

Note:

# Contents of a Dockerfile: An example
FROM microsoft/windowsservercore

ENV MONGODB_VERSION 3.4.2

LABEL Description="MongoDB" Vendor="MongoDB, Inc." Version=$env:MONGODB_VERSION

ADD SOURCES /build

RUN msiexec /i c:\build\mongodb-win32-x86_64-2008plus-%MONGODB_VERSION%-signed.msi INSTALLLOCATION="C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\3.4.2\" /qn /l*v c:\build\mongodb-build.log & mkdir C:\data\db & mkdir C:\data\log & del  C:\build\mongodb-win32-x86_64-2008plus-%MONGODB_VERSION%-signed.msi & setx /m PATH %PATH%;"C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\3.4.2\bin"

VOLUME C:\\data\\db

EXPOSE 27017

CMD ["mongod.exe"]
Instruction/Command Example Description
FROM FROM microsoft/windowsserverimage Specifies the base image.
MAINTAINER MAINTAINER Ravi Sharda <[email protected]> Specifies the contact information for the file's author
LABEL - -
USER USER root By default, Docker runs all processes as root within the container. Rhis intruction sets a user.
ENV ENV MONGODB_VERSION 3.4.2 Allows you to set shell variables to be used furing the build process. Then use as %MONGODB_VERSION% inside of dos commands or $env:MONGODB_VERSION in Powershell command.
ADD ADD SOURCES /build Used to copy files (like application code, configuration files, etc.) from the local filessytem to the containers created from the image.
COPY COPY BlogEngine.NET_3.3_web.zip / Adds files from the local filesystem to the containers created from the image.
CMD CMD ["mongod.exe"] The command that launches the process you want to have running inside of the container. A best practice is to run a single process inside of a container.
RUN RUN powershell.exe C:\buildapp.ps1 Executes a command.
WORKDIR WORKDIR /data Changes the working directory in the image for subsequent instructions.
ENTRYPOINT - Sets the default command to be run when the container is launched.
EXPOSE EXPOSE 27017 Exposes a port, so that containers can receive network requests.
And so on.. - -

Docker Cheatsheets