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Rasters.jl

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Index ​

Reference - Exported functions ​

Rasters.Rasters Module

source

Rasters.AbstractRaster Type
julia
AbstractRaster <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimArray

Abstract supertype for objects that wrap an array (or location of an array) and metadata about its contents. It may be memory or hold a FileArray, which holds the filename, and is only opened when required.

AbstractRasters inherit from AbstractDimArray from DimensionalData.jl. They can be indexed as regular Julia arrays or with DimensionalData.jl Dimensions. They will plot as a heatmap in Plots.jl with correct coordinates and labels, even after slicing with getindex or view. getindex on a AbstractRaster will always return a memory-backed Raster.

source

Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries Type
julia
AbstractRasterSeries <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimensionalArray

Abstract supertype for high-level DimensionalArray that hold RasterStacks, Rasters, or the paths they can be loaded from. RasterSeries are indexed with dimensions as with a AbstractRaster. This is useful when you have multiple files containing rasters or stacks of rasters spread over dimensions like time and elevation.

As much as possible, implementations should facilitate loading entire directories and detecting the dimensions from metadata.

This allows syntax like below for a series of stacks of arrays:

julia
RasterSeries[Time(Near(DateTime(2001, 1))][:temp][Y(Between(70, 150)), X(Between(-20,20))] |> plot`

RasterSeries is the concrete implementation.

source

Rasters.AbstractRasterStack Type
julia
AbstractRasterStack

Abstract supertype for objects that hold multiple AbstractRasters that share spatial dimensions.

They are NamedTuple-like structures that may either contain NamedTuple of AbstractRasters, string paths that will load AbstractRasters, or a single path that points to a file containing multiple layers, like NetCDF or HDF5. Use and syntax is similar or identical for all cases.

AbstractRasterStack can hold layers that share some or all of their dimensions. They cannot have the same dimension with different length or spatial extent as another layer.

getindex on an AbstractRasterStack generally returns a memory backed standard Raster. raster[:somelayer] |> plot plots the layers array, while raster[:somelayer, X(1:100), Band(2)] |> plot will plot the subset without loading the whole array.

getindex on an AbstractRasterStack with a key returns another stack with getindex applied to all the arrays in the stack.

source

Rasters.Band Type
julia
Band <: Dimension
+    
Rasters.jl
Appearance
Index ​
Reference - Exported functions ​
Rasters.Rasters Module
source
Rasters.AbstractRaster Type
julia
AbstractRaster <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimArray
Abstract supertype for objects that wrap an array (or location of an array) and metadata about its contents. It may be memory or hold a FileArray, which holds the filename, and is only opened when required.
AbstractRasters inherit from AbstractDimArray from DimensionalData.jl. They can be indexed as regular Julia arrays or with DimensionalData.jl Dimensions. They will plot as a heatmap in Plots.jl with correct coordinates and labels, even after slicing with getindex or view. getindex on a AbstractRaster will always return a memory-backed Raster.
source
Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries Type
julia
AbstractRasterSeries <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimensionalArray
Abstract supertype for high-level DimensionalArray that hold RasterStacks, Rasters, or the paths they can be loaded from. RasterSeries are indexed with dimensions as with a AbstractRaster. This is useful when you have multiple files containing rasters or stacks of rasters spread over dimensions like time and elevation.
As much as possible, implementations should facilitate loading entire directories and detecting the dimensions from metadata.
This allows syntax like below for a series of stacks of arrays:
julia
RasterSeries[Time(Near(DateTime(2001, 1))][:temp][Y(Between(70, 150)), X(Between(-20,20))] |> plot`
RasterSeries is the concrete implementation.
source
Rasters.AbstractRasterStack Type
julia
AbstractRasterStack
Abstract supertype for objects that hold multiple AbstractRasters that share spatial dimensions.
They are NamedTuple-like structures that may either contain NamedTuple of AbstractRasters, string paths that will load AbstractRasters, or a single path that points to a file containing multiple layers, like NetCDF or HDF5. Use and syntax is similar or identical for all cases.
AbstractRasterStack can hold layers that share some or all of their dimensions. They cannot have the same dimension with different length or spatial extent as another layer.
getindex on an AbstractRasterStack generally returns a memory backed standard Raster. raster[:somelayer] |> plot plots the layers array, while raster[:somelayer, X(1:100), Band(2)] |> plot will plot the subset without loading the whole array.
getindex on an AbstractRasterStack with a key returns another stack with getindex applied to all the arrays in the stack.
source
Rasters.Band Type
julia
Band <: Dimension
 
 Band(val=:)
Band Dimension for multi-band rasters.
Example:
julia
banddim = Band(10:10:100)
 # Or
 val = A[Band(1)]
 # Or
-mean(A; dims=Band)
source
Rasters.Mapped Type
julia
Mapped <: AbstractProjected
+mean(A; dims=Band)
source
Rasters.Mapped Type
julia
Mapped <: AbstractProjected
 
 Mapped(order, span, sampling, crs, mappedcrs)
-Mapped(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs=nothing, mappedcrs)
An AbstractSampled Lookup, where the dimension index has been mapped to another projection, usually lat/lon or EPSG(4326). Mapped matches the dimension format commonly used in netcdf files.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
The mapped dimension index will be used as for Sampled, but to save in another format the underlying crs may be used to convert it.
source
Rasters.Projected Type
julia
Projected <: AbstractProjected
+Mapped(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs=nothing, mappedcrs)
An AbstractSampled Lookup, where the dimension index has been mapped to another projection, usually lat/lon or EPSG(4326). Mapped matches the dimension format commonly used in netcdf files.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
The mapped dimension index will be used as for Sampled, but to save in another format the underlying crs may be used to convert it.
source
Rasters.Projected Type
julia
Projected <: AbstractProjected
 
 Projected(order, span, sampling, crs, mappedcrs)
-Projected(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs, mappedcrs=nothing)
An AbstractSampled Lookup with projections attached.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
If both crs and mappedcrs fields contain CRS data (in a GeoFormat wrapper from GeoFormatTypes.jl) the selector inputs and plot axes will be converted from and to the specified mappedcrs projection automatically. A common use case would be to pass mappedcrs=EPSG(4326) to the constructor when loading eg. a GDALarray:
julia
GDALarray(filename; mappedcrs=EPSG(4326))
The underlying crs will be detected by GDAL.
If mappedcrs is not supplied (ie. mappedcrs=nothing), the base index will be shown on plots, and selectors will need to use whatever format it is in.
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Rasters.Raster Type
julia
Raster <: AbstractRaster
+Projected(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs, mappedcrs=nothing)
An AbstractSampled Lookup with projections attached.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
If both crs and mappedcrs fields contain CRS data (in a GeoFormat wrapper from GeoFormatTypes.jl) the selector inputs and plot axes will be converted from and to the specified mappedcrs projection automatically. A common use case would be to pass mappedcrs=EPSG(4326) to the constructor when loading eg. a GDALarray:
julia
GDALarray(filename; mappedcrs=EPSG(4326))
The underlying crs will be detected by GDAL.
If mappedcrs is not supplied (ie. mappedcrs=nothing), the base index will be shown on plots, and selectors will need to use whatever format it is in.
source
Rasters.Raster Type
julia
Raster <: AbstractRaster
 
 Raster(filepath::String; kw...)
 Raster(A::AbstractDimArray; kw...)
-Raster(A::AbstractArray, dims; kw...)
A generic AbstractRaster for spatial/raster array data. It can hold either memory-backed arrays or, if lazy=true, a FileArray, which stores the String path to an unopened file.
If lazy=true, the file will only be opened lazily when it is indexed with getindex or when read(A) is called. Broadcasting, taking a view, reversing, and most other methods will not load data from disk; they will be applied later, lazily.
Arguments
  • dims: Tuple of Dimensions needed when an AbstractArray is used.
Keywords
  • name: a Symbol name for the array, which will also retrieve the, alphabetically first, named layer if Raster is used on a multi-layered file like a NetCDF. If instead RasterStack is used to read the multi-layered file, by default, all variables will be added to the stack.
  • group: the group in the dataset where name can be found. Only needed for nested datasets. A String or Symbol will select a single group. Pairs can also used to access groups at any nested depth, i.e group=:group1 => :group2 => :group3.
  • missingval: value reprsenting missing data, normally detected from the file. Set manually when you know the value is not specified or is incorrect. This will not change any values in the raster, it simply assigns which value is treated as missing. To replace all of the missing values in the raster, use replace_missing.
  • metadata: Dict or Metadata object for the array, or NoMetadata().
  • crs: the coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. Only set this if you know the detected crs is incorrect, or it is not present in the file. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat object, like EPSG(4326).
  • mappedcrs: the mapped coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. for Mapped lookups these are the actual values of the index. For Projected lookups this can be used to index in eg. EPSG(4326) lat/lon values, having it converted automatically. Only set this if the detected mappedcrs in incorrect, or the file does not have a mappedcrs, e.g. a tiff. The mappedcrs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat type.
  • refdims: Tuple of position Dimensions the array was sliced from, defaulting to (). Usually not needed.
When a filepath String is used:
  • dropband: drop single band dimensions when creating stacks from filenames. true by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • replace_missing: replace missingval with missing. This is done lazily if lazy=true. Note that currently for NetCDF and GRIB files replace_missing is always true. In future replace_missing=false will also work for these data sources.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • write: defines the default write keyword value when calling open on the Raster. false by default. Only makes sense to use when lazy=true.
When A is an AbstractDimArray:
  • data: can replace the data in an existing AbstractRaster
source
Rasters.RasterSeries Type
julia
RasterSeries <: AbstractRasterSeries
+Raster(A::AbstractArray, dims; kw...)
A generic AbstractRaster for spatial/raster array data. It can hold either memory-backed arrays or, if lazy=true, a FileArray, which stores the String path to an unopened file.
If lazy=true, the file will only be opened lazily when it is indexed with getindex or when read(A) is called. Broadcasting, taking a view, reversing, and most other methods will not load data from disk; they will be applied later, lazily.
Arguments
  • dims: Tuple of Dimensions needed when an AbstractArray is used.
Keywords
  • name: a Symbol name for the array, which will also retrieve the, alphabetically first, named layer if Raster is used on a multi-layered file like a NetCDF. If instead RasterStack is used to read the multi-layered file, by default, all variables will be added to the stack.
  • group: the group in the dataset where name can be found. Only needed for nested datasets. A String or Symbol will select a single group. Pairs can also used to access groups at any nested depth, i.e group=:group1 => :group2 => :group3.
  • missingval: value reprsenting missing data, normally detected from the file. Set manually when you know the value is not specified or is incorrect. This will not change any values in the raster, it simply assigns which value is treated as missing. To replace all of the missing values in the raster, use replace_missing.
  • metadata: Dict or Metadata object for the array, or NoMetadata().
  • crs: the coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. Only set this if you know the detected crs is incorrect, or it is not present in the file. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat object, like EPSG(4326).
  • mappedcrs: the mapped coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. for Mapped lookups these are the actual values of the index. For Projected lookups this can be used to index in eg. EPSG(4326) lat/lon values, having it converted automatically. Only set this if the detected mappedcrs in incorrect, or the file does not have a mappedcrs, e.g. a tiff. The mappedcrs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat type.
  • refdims: Tuple of position Dimensions the array was sliced from, defaulting to (). Usually not needed.
When a filepath String is used:
  • dropband: drop single band dimensions when creating stacks from filenames. true by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • replace_missing: replace missingval with missing. This is done lazily if lazy=true. Note that currently for NetCDF and GRIB files replace_missing is always true. In future replace_missing=false will also work for these data sources.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • write: defines the default write keyword value when calling open on the Raster. false by default. Only makes sense to use when lazy=true.
When A is an AbstractDimArray:
  • data: can replace the data in an existing AbstractRaster
source
Rasters.RasterSeries Type
julia
RasterSeries <: AbstractRasterSeries
 
 RasterSeries(rasters::AbstractArray{<:AbstractRaster}, dims; [refdims])
 RasterSeries(stacks::AbstractArray{<:AbstractRasterStack}, dims; [refdims]) 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 2-element RasterSeries{Raster,1} with dimensions: 
   Ti Sampled{DateTime} DateTime[DateTime("2001-01-01T00:00:00"), DateTime("2002-01-01T00:00:00")] ForwardOrdered Irregular Points
The DateTime suffix is parsed from the filenames. Using Ti(Int) would try to parse integers instead.
Just using the directory will also work, unless there are other files mixed in it:
julia
julia> ser = RasterSeries("series_dir", Ti(DateTime))
 2-element RasterSeries{Raster,1} with dimensions: 
-  Ti Sampled{DateTime} DateTime[DateTime("2001-01-01T00:00:00"), DateTime("2002-01-01T00:00:00")] ForwardOrdered Irregular Points
Arguments
  • dims: series dimension/s.
Keywords
When loading a series from a Vector of String paths or a single String path:
  • child: constructor of child objects for use when filenames are passed in, can be Raster or RasterStack. Defaults to Raster.
  • duplicate_first::Bool: wether to duplicate the dimensions and metadata of the first file with all other files. This can save load time with a large series where dimensions are identical. false by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • kw: keywords passed to the child constructor Raster or RasterStack.
When loading a series from a single String path:
  • separator: separator used to split lookup elements from the rest of a filename. '_' by default.
Others:
  • refdims: existing reference dimension/s, normally not required.
source
Rasters.RasterStack Type
julia
RasterStack <: AbstrackRasterStack
+  Ti Sampled{DateTime} DateTime[DateTime("2001-01-01T00:00:00"), DateTime("2002-01-01T00:00:00")] ForwardOrdered Irregular Points
Arguments
  • dims: series dimension/s.
Keywords
When loading a series from a Vector of String paths or a single String path:
  • child: constructor of child objects for use when filenames are passed in, can be Raster or RasterStack. Defaults to Raster.
  • duplicate_first::Bool: wether to duplicate the dimensions and metadata of the first file with all other files. This can save load time with a large series where dimensions are identical. false by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • kw: keywords passed to the child constructor Raster or RasterStack.
When loading a series from a single String path:
  • separator: separator used to split lookup elements from the rest of a filename. '_' by default.
Others:
  • refdims: existing reference dimension/s, normally not required.
source
Rasters.RasterStack Type
julia
RasterStack <: AbstrackRasterStack
 
 RasterStack(data...; name, kw...)
 RasterStack(data::Union{Vector,Tuple}; name, kw...)
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@
 RasterStack(data::Raster; layersfrom=Band, kw...)
 RasterStack(filepath::AbstractString; kw...)
Load a file path or a NamedTuple of paths as a RasterStack, or convert arguments, a Vector or NamedTuple of Rasters to RasterStack.
Arguments
  • data: A NamedTuple of Rasters or String, or a Vector, Tuple or splatted arguments of Raster. The latter options must pass a name keyword argument.
  • filepath: A file (such as netcdf or tif) to be loaded as a stack, or a directory path containing multiple files.
Keywords
  • name: Used as stack layer names when a Tuple, Vector or splat of Raster is passed in. Has no effect when NameTuple is used - the NamedTuple keys are the layer names.
  • group: the group in the dataset where name can be found. Only needed for nested datasets. A String or Symbol will select a single group. Pairs can also used to access groups at any nested depth, i.e group=:group1 => :group2 => :group3.
  • metadata: A Dict or DimensionalData.Metadata object.
  • missingval: a single value for all layers or a NamedTuple of missingval for each layer. nothing specifies no missing value.
  • crs: the coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. Only set this if you know the detected crs is incorrect, or it is not present in the file. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat object, like EPSG(4326).
  • mappedcrs: the mapped coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. for Mapped lookups these are the actual values of the index. For Projected lookups this can be used to index in eg. EPSG(4326) lat/lon values, having it converted automatically. Only set this if the detected mappedcrs in incorrect, or the file does not have a mappedcrs, e.g. a tiff. The mappedcrs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat type.
  • refdims: Tuple of Dimension that the stack was sliced from.
For when one or multiple filepaths are used:
  • dropband: drop single band dimensions when creating stacks from filenames. true by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • replace_missing: replace missingval with missing. This is done lazily if lazy=true. Note that currently for NetCDF and GRIB files replace_missing is always true. In future replace_missing=false will also work for these data sources.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
For when a single Raster is used:
  • layersfrom: Dimension to source stack layers from if the file is not already multi-layered. nothing is default, so that a single RasterStack(raster) is a single layered stack. RasterStack(raster; layersfrom=Band) will use the bands as layers.
julia
files = (temp="temp.tif", pressure="pressure.tif", relhum="relhum.tif")
 stack = RasterStack(files; mappedcrs=EPSG(4326))
-stack[:relhum][Lat(Contains(-37), Lon(Contains(144))
source
DimensionalData.modify Method
julia
modify(f, series::AbstractRasterSeries)
Apply function f to the data of the child object. If the child is an AbstractRasterStack the function will be passed on to its child AbstractRasters.
f must return an identically sized array.
This method triggers a complete rebuild of all objects, and disk based objects will be transferred to memory.
An example of the usefulnesss of this is for swapping out array backend for an entire series to CuArray from CUDA.jl to copy data to a GPU.
source
GeoInterface.crs Method
julia
crs(x::Raster)
Get the projected coordinate reference system of a Y or X Dimension, or of the Y/X dims of an AbstractRaster.
For Mapped lookup this may be nothing as there may be no projected coordinate reference system at all. See setcrs to set it manually.
source
Rasters.aggregate Function
julia
aggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, skipmissing)
Aggregate a Raster, or all arrays in a RasterStack or RasterSeries, by scale using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that specifies where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Statistics, Plots
+stack[:relhum][Lat(Contains(-37), Lon(Contains(144))
source
DimensionalData.modify Method
julia
modify(f, series::AbstractRasterSeries)
Apply function f to the data of the child object. If the child is an AbstractRasterStack the function will be passed on to its child AbstractRasters.
f must return an identically sized array.
This method triggers a complete rebuild of all objects, and disk based objects will be transferred to memory.
An example of the usefulnesss of this is for swapping out array backend for an entire series to CuArray from CUDA.jl to copy data to a GPU.
source
GeoInterface.crs Method
julia
crs(x::Raster)
Get the projected coordinate reference system of a Y or X Dimension, or of the Y/X dims of an AbstractRaster.
For Mapped lookup this may be nothing as there may be no projected coordinate reference system at all. See setcrs to set it manually.
source
Rasters.aggregate Function
julia
aggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, skipmissing)
Aggregate a Raster, or all arrays in a RasterStack or RasterSeries, by scale using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that specifies where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Statistics, Plots
 import ArchGDAL
 using Rasters: Center
 st = read(RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month=1))
 ag = aggregate(Center(), st, (Y(20), X(20)); skipmissingval=true, progress=false)
 plot(ag)
 savefig("build/aggregate_example.png"); nothing
-# output
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
Rasters.aggregate! Method
julia
aggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, scale; skipmissingval=false)
Aggregate array src to array dst by scale, using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
Note: currently it is much faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
Rasters.boolmask Function
julia
boolmask(obj::Raster; [missingval])
+# output
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
Rasters.aggregate! Method
julia
aggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, scale; skipmissingval=false)
Aggregate array src to array dst by scale, using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
Note: currently it is much faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
Rasters.boolmask Function
julia
boolmask(obj::Raster; [missingval])
 boolmask(obj; [to, res, size])
 boolmask(obj::RasterStack; alllayers=true, kw...)
Create a mask array of Bool values, from another Raster. AbstractRasterStack or AbstractRasterSeries are also accepted.
The array returned from calling boolmask on a AbstractRaster is a Raster with the same dimensions as the original array and a missingval of false.
Arguments
  • a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Raster / RasterStack Keywords
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: The missing value of the source array, with default missingval(raster).
Keywords
  • alllayers: if true a mask is taken for all layers, otherwise only the first layer is used. Defaults to true
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
And specifically for shape=:polygon:
  • boundary: include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the line :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside inside the polygon. The default is :center.
For tabular data, feature collections and other iterables
  • collapse: if true, collapse all geometry masks into a single mask. Otherwise return a Raster with an additional geometry dimension, so that each slice along this axis is the mask of the geometry opbject of each row of the table, feature in the feature collection, or just each geometry in the iterable.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 wc = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 
 savefig("build/boolmask_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.cellarea Method
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.cellarea Method
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
 xdim = X(Projected(90.0:10.0:120; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 ydim = Y(Projected(0.0:10.0:50; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 myraster = rand(xdim, ydim)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
   90.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  100.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  110.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
- 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.classify Function
julia
classify(x, pairs; lower=(>=), upper=(<), others=nothing)
+ 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.classify Function
julia
classify(x, pairs; lower=(>=), upper=(<), others=nothing)
 classify(x, pairs...; lower, upper, others)
Create a new array with values in x classified by the values in pairs.
pairs can hold tuples fo values (2, 3), a Fix2 function e.g. <=(1), a Tuple of Fix2 e.g. (>=(4), <(7)), or an IntervalSets.jl interval, e.g. 3..9 or OpenInterval(10, 12). pairs can also be a n * 3 matrix where each row is lower bounds, upper bounds, replacement.
If tuples or a Matrix are used, the lower and upper keywords define how the lower and upper boundaries are chosen.
If others is set other values not covered in pairs will be set to that values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack
  • pairs: each pair contains a value and a replacement, a tuple of lower and upper range and a replacement, or a Tuple of Fix2 like (>(x), <(y).
Keywords
  • lower: Which comparison (< or <=) to use for lower values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • upper: Which comparison (> or >=) to use for upper values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • others: A value to assign to all values not included in pairs. Passing nothing (the default) will leave them unchanged.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :tavg; month=1)
 classes = <=(15) => 10,
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 
 savefig("build/classify_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.classify! Method
julia
classify!(x, pairs...; lower, upper, others)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.classify! Method
julia
classify!(x, pairs...; lower, upper, others)
 classify!(x, pairs; lower, upper, others)
Classify the values of x in-place, by the values in pairs.
If Fix2 is not used, the lower and upper keywords
If others is set other values not covered in pairs will be set to that values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack
  • pairs: each pair contains a value and a replacement, a tuple of lower and upper range and a replacement, or a Tuple of Fix2 like (>(x), <(y).
Keywords
  • lower: Which comparison (< or <=) to use for lower values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • upper: Which comparison (> or >=) to use for upper values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • others: A value to assign to all values not included in pairs. Passing nothing (the default) will leave them unchanged.
Example
classify! to disk, with key steps:
  • copying a tempory file so we don't write over the RasterDataSources.jl version.
  • use open with write=true to open the file with disk-write permissions.
  • use Float32 like 10.0f0 for all our replacement values and other, because the file is stored as Float32. Attempting to write some other type will fail.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 # Download and copy the file
 filename = getraster(WorldClim{Climate}, :tavg; month=6)
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@
 
 savefig("build/classify_bang_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.combine Method
julia
combine(A::AbstracRasterSeries; [dims], [lazy]) => Raster
Combine a RasterSeries along some dimension/s, creating a new Raster or RasterStack, depending on the contents of the series.
If dims are passed, only the specified dimensions will be combined with a RasterSeries returned, unless dims is all the dims in the series.
If lazy, concatenate lazily. The default is to concatenate lazily for lazy Rasters and eagerly otherwise.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.convertlookup Method
julia
convertlookup(dstlookup::Type{<:Lookup}, x)
Convert the dimension lookup between Projected and Mapped. Other dimension lookups pass through unchanged.
This is used to e.g. save a netcdf file to GeoTiff.
source
Rasters.coverage! Method
julia
coverage!(A, geom; [mode, scale])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
source
Rasters.coverage Method
julia
coverage(mode, geom; [to, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
-coverage(geom; [to, mode, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
source
Rasters.crop Function
julia
crop(x; to, touches=false, [geometrycolumn])
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.combine Method
julia
combine(A::AbstracRasterSeries; [dims], [lazy]) => Raster
Combine a RasterSeries along some dimension/s, creating a new Raster or RasterStack, depending on the contents of the series.
If dims are passed, only the specified dimensions will be combined with a RasterSeries returned, unless dims is all the dims in the series.
If lazy, concatenate lazily. The default is to concatenate lazily for lazy Rasters and eagerly otherwise.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.convertlookup Method
julia
convertlookup(dstlookup::Type{<:Lookup}, x)
Convert the dimension lookup between Projected and Mapped. Other dimension lookups pass through unchanged.
This is used to e.g. save a netcdf file to GeoTiff.
source
Rasters.coverage! Method
julia
coverage!(A, geom; [mode, scale])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
source
Rasters.coverage Method
julia
coverage(mode, geom; [to, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
+coverage(geom; [to, mode, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
source
Rasters.crop Function
julia
crop(x; to, touches=false, [geometrycolumn])
 crop(xs...; to)
Crop one or multiple AbstractRaster or AbstractRasterStack x to match the size of the object to, or smallest of any dimensions that are shared.
crop is lazy, using a view into the object rather than allocating new memory.
Keywords
  • to: the object to crop to. This can be a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified. If no to keyword is passed, the smallest shared area of all xs is used.
  • touches: true or false. Whether to use Touches wraper on the object extent. When lines need to be included in e.g. zonal statistics, true should be used.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
As crop is lazy, filename and suffix keywords are not used.
Example
Crop to another raster:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 evenness = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :evenness)
 rnge = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :range)
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
 
 savefig("build/argentina_crop_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.disaggregate Function
julia
disaggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, keys)
Disaggregate array, or all arrays in a stack or series, by some scale.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or a Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
Rasters.disaggregate! Method
julia
disaggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, filename, scale)
Disaggregate array src to array dst by some scale, using method.
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
Rasters.extend Function
julia
extend(xs...; [to])
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.disaggregate Function
julia
disaggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, keys)
Disaggregate array, or all arrays in a stack or series, by some scale.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or a Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
Rasters.disaggregate! Method
julia
disaggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, filename, scale)
Disaggregate array src to array dst by some scale, using method.
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
Rasters.extend Function
julia
extend(xs...; [to])
 extend(xs; [to])
 extend(x::Union{AbstractRaster,AbstractRasterStack}; to, kw...)
Extend one or multiple AbstractRaster to match the area covered by all xs, or by the keyword argument to.
Keywords
  • to: the Raster or dims to extend to. If no to keyword is passed, the largest shared area of all xs is used.
  • touches: true or false. Whether to use Touches wrapper on the object extent. When lines need to be included in e.g. zonal statistics, true shoudle be used.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 evenness = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :evenness)
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
 
 savefig("build/extend_example.png")
 nothing
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.extract Function
julia
extract(x, data; kw...)
Extracts the value of Raster or RasterStack at given points, returning an iterable of NamedTuple with properties for :geometry and raster or stack layer values.
Note that if objects have more dimensions than the length of the point tuples, sliced arrays or stacks will be returned instead of single values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack to extract values from.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometry: include :geometry in returned NamedTuple, true by default.
  • index: include :index of the CartesianIndex in returned NamedTuple, false by default.
  • name: a Symbol or Tuple of Symbol corresponding to layer/s of a RasterStack to extract. All layers by default.
  • skipmissing: skip missing points automatically.
  • atol: a tolerance for floating point lookup values for when the Lookup contains Points. atol is ignored for Intervals.
– geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
Here we extract points matching the occurrence of the Mountain Pygmy Possum, Burramis parvus. This could be used to fit a species distribution model.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, GBIF2, CSV
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.extract Function
julia
extract(x, data; kw...)
Extracts the value of Raster or RasterStack at given points, returning an iterable of NamedTuple with properties for :geometry and raster or stack layer values.
Note that if objects have more dimensions than the length of the point tuples, sliced arrays or stacks will be returned instead of single values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack to extract values from.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometry: include :geometry in returned NamedTuple, true by default.
  • index: include :index of the CartesianIndex in returned NamedTuple, false by default.
  • name: a Symbol or Tuple of Symbol corresponding to layer/s of a RasterStack to extract. All layers by default.
  • skipmissing: skip missing points automatically.
  • atol: a tolerance for floating point lookup values for when the Lookup contains Points. atol is ignored for Intervals.
– geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
Here we extract points matching the occurrence of the Mountain Pygmy Possum, Burramis parvus. This could be used to fit a species distribution model.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, GBIF2, CSV
 
 # Get a stack of BioClim layers, and replace missing values with `missing`
 st = RasterStack(WorldClim{BioClim}, (1, 3, 5, 7, 12)) |> replace_missing
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
  (geometry = (0.03, 39.97), bio1 = 17.076923f0, bio3 = 39.7983f0, bio5 = 29.638462f0, bio7 = 24.153847f0, bio12 = 441.0f0)
  (geometry = (0.03, 39.97), bio1 = 17.076923f0, bio3 = 39.7983f0, bio5 = 29.638462f0, bio7 = 24.153847f0, bio12 = 441.0f0)
  (geometry = (0.52, 40.37), bio1 = missing, bio3 = missing, bio5 = missing, bio7 = missing, bio12 = missing)
- (geometry = (0.32, 40.24), bio1 = 16.321388f0, bio3 = 41.659454f0, bio5 = 30.029825f0, bio7 = 25.544561f0, bio12 = 480.0f0)
Note: passing in arrays, geometry collections or feature collections containing a mix of points and other geometries has undefined results.
source
Rasters.mappedbounds Function
julia
mappedbounds(x)
Get the bounds converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular bounds.
source
Rasters.mappedcrs Function
julia
mappedcrs(x)
Get the mapped coordinate reference system for the Y/X dims of an array.
In Projected lookup this is used to convert Selector values form the mappedcrs defined projection to the underlying projection, and to show plot axes in the mapped projection.
In Mapped lookup this is the coordinate reference system of the index values. See setmappedcrs to set it manually.
source
Rasters.mappedindex Function
julia
mappedindex(x)
Get the index value of a dimension converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular dim value.
source
Rasters.mask! Function
julia
mask!(x; with, missingval=missingval(A))
Mask A by the missing values of with, or by all values outside with if it is a polygon.
If with is a polygon, creates a new array where points falling outside the polygon have been replaced by missingval(A).
Return a new array with values of A masked by the missing values of with, or by a polygon.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack.
Keywords
  • with: another AbstractRaster, a AbstractVector of Tuple points, or any GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry. The coordinate reference system of the point must match crs(A).
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: the missing value to write to A in masked areas, by default missingval(A).
Example
Mask an unmasked AWAP layer with a masked WorldClim layer, by first resampling the mask to match the size and projection.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
+ (geometry = (0.32, 40.24), bio1 = 16.321388f0, bio3 = 41.659454f0, bio5 = 30.029825f0, bio7 = 25.544561f0, bio12 = 480.0f0)
Note: passing in arrays, geometry collections or feature collections containing a mix of points and other geometries has undefined results.
source
Rasters.mappedbounds Function
julia
mappedbounds(x)
Get the bounds converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular bounds.
source
Rasters.mappedcrs Function
julia
mappedcrs(x)
Get the mapped coordinate reference system for the Y/X dims of an array.
In Projected lookup this is used to convert Selector values form the mappedcrs defined projection to the underlying projection, and to show plot axes in the mapped projection.
In Mapped lookup this is the coordinate reference system of the index values. See setmappedcrs to set it manually.
source
Rasters.mappedindex Function
julia
mappedindex(x)
Get the index value of a dimension converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular dim value.
source
Rasters.mask! Function
julia
mask!(x; with, missingval=missingval(A))
Mask A by the missing values of with, or by all values outside with if it is a polygon.
If with is a polygon, creates a new array where points falling outside the polygon have been replaced by missingval(A).
Return a new array with values of A masked by the missing values of with, or by a polygon.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack.
Keywords
  • with: another AbstractRaster, a AbstractVector of Tuple points, or any GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry. The coordinate reference system of the point must match crs(A).
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: the missing value to write to A in masked areas, by default missingval(A).
Example
Mask an unmasked AWAP layer with a masked WorldClim layer, by first resampling the mask to match the size and projection.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 
 # Load and plot the file
 awap = read(RasterStack(AWAP, (:tmin, :tmax); date=DateTime(2001, 1, 1)))
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
 savefig(a, "build/mask_bang_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/mask_bang_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before mask!:
After mask!:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.mask Method
julia
mask(A:AbstractRaster; with, missingval=missingval(A))
+# output
Before mask!:
After mask!:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.mask Method
julia
mask(A:AbstractRaster; with, missingval=missingval(A))
 mask(x; with)
Return a new array with values of A masked by the missing values of with, or by the shape of with, if with is a geometric object.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack
Keywords
  • with: an AbstractRaster, or any GeoInterface.jl compatible objects or table. The coordinate reference system of the point must match crs(A).
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: the missing value to use in the returned file.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Geometry keywords
These can be used when with is a GeoInterface.jl compatible object:
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
Mask an unmasked AWAP layer with a masked WorldClim layer, by first resampling the mask.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 
 # Load and plot the file
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
 
 savefig(a, "build/mask_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/mask_example_after.png"); nothing
-# output
Before mask:
After mask:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.missingmask Method
julia
missingmask(obj::Raster; kw...)
+# output
Before mask:
After mask:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.missingmask Method
julia
missingmask(obj::Raster; kw...)
 missingmask(obj; [to, res, size, collapse])
 missingmask(obj::RasterStack; alllayers = true, kw...)
Create a mask array of missing and true values, from another Raster. AbstractRasterStack or AbstractRasterSeries are also accepted-
For AbstractRaster the default missingval is missingval(A), but others can be chosen manually.
The array returned from calling missingmask on a AbstractRaster is a Raster with the same size and fields as the original array.
Arguments
  • obj: a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • alllayers: if true a mask is taken for all layers, otherwise only the first layer is used. Defaults to true
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 wc = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
 
 savefig("build/missingmask_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.missingval Function
julia
missingval(x)
Returns the value representing missing data in the dataset
source
Rasters.mosaic! Method
julia
mosaic!(f, x, regions...; missingval, atol)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.missingval Function
julia
missingval(x)
Returns the value representing missing data in the dataset
source
Rasters.mosaic! Method
julia
mosaic!(f, x, regions...; missingval, atol)
 mosaic!(f, x, regions::Tuple; missingval, atol)
Combine regions in x using the function f.
Arguments
  • f a function (e.g. mean, sum, first or last) that is applied to values where regions overlap.
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack. May be a an opened disk-based Raster, the result will be written to disk. With the current algorithm, the read speed is slow.
  • regions: source objects to be joined. These should be memory-backed (use read first), or may experience poor performance. If all objects have the same extent, mosaic is simply a merge.
Keywords
  • missingval: Fills empty areas, and defualts to the `missingval/ of the first layer.
  • atol: Absolute tolerance for comparison between index values. This is often required due to minor differences in range values due to floating point error. It is not applied to non-float dimensions. A tuple of tolerances may be passed, matching the dimension order.
Example
Cut out Australia and Africa stacks, then combined them into a single stack.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Statistics, Plots
 st = read(RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month=1))
 aus = st[X=100.0 .. 160.0, Y=-50.0 .. -10.0]
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
 plot(st)
 savefig("build/mosaic_bang_example.png")
 nothing
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.mosaic Method
julia
mosaic(f, regions...; missingval, atol)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.mosaic Method
julia
mosaic(f, regions...; missingval, atol)
 mosaic(f, regions; missingval, atol)
Combine regions into a single raster.
Arguments
  • f: A reducing function (mean, sum, first, last etc.) for values where regions overlap.
  • regions: Iterable or splatted Raster or RasterStack.
Keywords
  • missingval: Fills empty areas, and defualts to the missingval of the first region.
  • atol: Absolute tolerance for comparison between index values. This is often required due to minor differences in range values due to floating point error. It is not applied to non-float dimensions. A tuple of tolerances may be passed, matching the dimension order.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
If your mosaic has has apparent line errors, increase the atol value.
Example
Here we cut out Australia and Africa from a stack, and join them with mosaic.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 st = RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month=1);
 
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 savefig(b, "build/mosaic_example_aus.png")
 savefig(c, "build/mosaic_example_combined.png")
 nothing
-# output
Individual continents
Mosaic of continents
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.points Method
julia
points(A::AbstractRaster; dims=(YDim, XDim), ignore_missing) => Array{Tuple}
Returns a generator of the points in A for dimensions in dims, where points are a tuple of the values in each specified dimension index.
Keywords
  • dims the dimensions to return points from. The first slice of other layers will be used.
  • ignore_missing: wether to ignore missing values in the array when considering points. If true, all points in the dimensions will be returned, if false only the points that are not === missingval(A) will be returned.
The order of dims determines the order of the points.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.rasterize Function
julia
rasterize([reducer], data; geometrycolumn, kw...)
Rasterize a GeoInterface.jl compatable geometry or feature, or a Tables.jl table with a :geometry column of GeoInterface.jl objects, or points columns specified by geometrycolumn
Arguments
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from data where possible.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Note on threading. Performance may be much better with threaded=false if reducer/op are not threadsafe. sum, prod, maximum, minimum count and mean (by combining sum and count) are threadsafe. If you know your algorithm is threadsafe, use threadsafe=true to allow all optimisations. Functions passed to fill are always threadsafe, and ignore the threadsafe argument.
Example
Rasterize a shapefile for China and plot, with a border.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, Downloads
+# output
Individual continents
Mosaic of continents
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.points Method
julia
points(A::AbstractRaster; dims=(YDim, XDim), ignore_missing) => Array{Tuple}
Returns a generator of the points in A for dimensions in dims, where points are a tuple of the values in each specified dimension index.
Keywords
  • dims the dimensions to return points from. The first slice of other layers will be used.
  • ignore_missing: wether to ignore missing values in the array when considering points. If true, all points in the dimensions will be returned, if false only the points that are not === missingval(A) will be returned.
The order of dims determines the order of the points.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.rasterize Function
julia
rasterize([reducer], data; geometrycolumn, kw...)
Rasterize a GeoInterface.jl compatable geometry or feature, or a Tables.jl table with a :geometry column of GeoInterface.jl objects, or points columns specified by geometrycolumn
Arguments
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from data where possible.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Note on threading. Performance may be much better with threaded=false if reducer/op are not threadsafe. sum, prod, maximum, minimum count and mean (by combining sum and count) are threadsafe. If you know your algorithm is threadsafe, use threadsafe=true to allow all optimisations. Functions passed to fill are always threadsafe, and ignore the threadsafe argument.
Example
Rasterize a shapefile for China and plot, with a border.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, Downloads
 using Rasters.Lookups
 
 # Download a borders shapefile
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
 
 savefig("build/china_rasterized.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.rasterize! Function
julia
rasterize!([reducer], dest, data; kw...)
Rasterize the geometries in data into the Raster or RasterStack dest, using the values specified by fill.
Arguments
  • dest: a Raster or RasterStack to rasterize into.
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from A and data where possible.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, GeoInterface, Downloads
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.rasterize! Function
julia
rasterize!([reducer], dest, data; kw...)
Rasterize the geometries in data into the Raster or RasterStack dest, using the values specified by fill.
Arguments
  • dest: a Raster or RasterStack to rasterize into.
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from A and data where possible.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, GeoInterface, Downloads
 using Rasters.Lookups
 
 # Download a borders shapefile
@@ -304,12 +304,12 @@
 
 savefig("build/indonesia_rasterized.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.replace_missing Method
julia
replace_missing(a::AbstractRaster, newmissingval)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.replace_missing Method
julia
replace_missing(a::AbstractRaster, newmissingval)
 replace_missing(a::AbstractRasterStack, newmissingval)
Replace missing values in the array or stack with a new missing value, also updating the missingval field/s.
Keywords
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1) |> replace_missing
 missingval(A)
 # output
-missing
source
Rasters.reproject Method
julia
reproject(source::GeoFormat, target::GeoFormat, dim::Dimension, val)
reproject uses Proj.jl's Transformation interface, but implemented for reprojecting a lookup / axis array, a single dimension at a time.
source
Rasters.reproject Method
julia
reproject(obj; crs)
Reproject the lookups (axes) of obj to a different crs.
This is a lossless operation for the raster data, as only the lookup values change. This is only possible when the axes of source and destination projections are aligned: the change is usually from a Regular and an Irregular lookup spans.
For converting between projections that are rotated, skewed or warped in any way, or if you want to re-sample the data, use resample.
Dimensions without an AbstractProjected lookup (such as a Ti dimension) are silently returned without modification.
Arguments
  • obj: a Lookup, Dimension, Tuple of Dimension, Raster or RasterStack.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
source
Rasters.resample Method
julia
resample(x; kw...)
+missing
source
Rasters.reproject Method
julia
reproject(source::GeoFormat, target::GeoFormat, dim::Dimension, val)
reproject uses Proj.jl's Transformation interface, but implemented for reprojecting a lookup / axis array, a single dimension at a time.
source
Rasters.reproject Method
julia
reproject(obj; crs)
Reproject the lookups (axes) of obj to a different crs.
This is a lossless operation for the raster data, as only the lookup values change. This is only possible when the axes of source and destination projections are aligned: the change is usually from a Regular and an Irregular lookup spans.
For converting between projections that are rotated, skewed or warped in any way, or if you want to re-sample the data, use resample.
Dimensions without an AbstractProjected lookup (such as a Ti dimension) are silently returned without modification.
Arguments
  • obj: a Lookup, Dimension, Tuple of Dimension, Raster or RasterStack.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
source
Rasters.resample Method
julia
resample(x; kw...)
 resample(xs...; to=first(xs), kw...)
resample uses warp (which uses GDALs gdalwarp) to resample a Raster or RasterStack to a new resolution and optionally new crs, or to snap to the bounds, resolution and crs of the object to.
Dimensions without an AbstractProjected lookup (such as a Ti dimension) are iteratively resampled with GDAL and joined back into a single array.
If projections can be converted for each axis independently, it may be faster and more accurate to use reproject.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method available.
Arguments
  • x: the object/s to resample.
Keywords
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from x,
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • method: A Symbol or String specifying the method to use for resampling. From the docs for gdalwarp:
    • :near: nearest neighbour resampling (default, fastest algorithm, worst interpolation quality).
    • :bilinear: bilinear resampling.
    • :cubic: cubic resampling.
    • :cubicspline: cubic spline resampling.
    • :lanczos: Lanczos windowed sinc resampling.
    • :average: average resampling, computes the weighted average of all non-NODATA contributing pixels. rms root mean square / quadratic mean of all non-NODATA contributing pixels (GDAL >= 3.3)
    • :mode: mode resampling, selects the value which appears most often of all the sampled points.
    • :max: maximum resampling, selects the maximum value from all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :min: minimum resampling, selects the minimum value from all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :med: median resampling, selects the median value of all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :q1: first quartile resampling, selects the first quartile value of all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :q3: third quartile resampling, selects the third quartile value of all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :sum: compute the weighted sum of all non-NODATA contributing pixels (since GDAL 3.1)
    Where NODATA values are set to missingval.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Note:
  • GDAL may cause some unexpected changes in the raster, such as changing the crs type from EPSG to WellKnownText (it will represent the same CRS).
Example
Resample a WorldClim layer to match an EarthEnv layer:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
 B = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :evenness)
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@
 savefig(a, "build/resample_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/resample_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before resample:
After resample:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.setcrs Method
julia
setcrs(x, crs)
Set the crs of a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
Rasters.setmappedcrs Method
julia
setmappedcrs(x, crs)
Set the mapped crs of a Raster, a RasterStack, a Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
Rasters.slice Method
julia
slice(A::Union{AbstractRaster,AbstractRasterStack,AbstracRasterSeries}, dims) => RasterSeries
Slice views along some dimension/s to obtain a RasterSeries of the slices.
For a Raster or RasterStack this will return a RasterSeries of Raster or RasterStack that are slices along the specified dimensions.
For a RasterSeries, the output is another series where the child objects are sliced and the series dimensions index is now of the child dimensions combined. slice on a RasterSeries with no dimensions will slice along the dimensions shared by both the series and child object.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.trim Method
julia
trim(x; dims::Tuple, pad::Int)
Trim missingval(x) from x for axes in dims, returning a view of x.
Arguments
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack. For stacks, all layers must having missing values for a pixel for it to be trimmed.
Keywords
  • dims: By default dims=(XDim, YDim), so that trimming keeps the area of X and Y that contains non-missing values along all other dimensions.
  • pad: The trimmed size will be padded by pad on all sides, although padding will not be added beyond the original extent of the array.
As trim is lazy, filename and suffix keywords are not used.
Example
Create trimmed layers of Australian habitat heterogeneity.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
+# output
Before resample:
After resample:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.setcrs Method
julia
setcrs(x, crs)
Set the crs of a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
Rasters.setmappedcrs Method
julia
setmappedcrs(x, crs)
Set the mapped crs of a Raster, a RasterStack, a Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
Rasters.slice Method
julia
slice(A::Union{AbstractRaster,AbstractRasterStack,AbstracRasterSeries}, dims) => RasterSeries
Slice views along some dimension/s to obtain a RasterSeries of the slices.
For a Raster or RasterStack this will return a RasterSeries of Raster or RasterStack that are slices along the specified dimensions.
For a RasterSeries, the output is another series where the child objects are sliced and the series dimensions index is now of the child dimensions combined. slice on a RasterSeries with no dimensions will slice along the dimensions shared by both the series and child object.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.trim Method
julia
trim(x; dims::Tuple, pad::Int)
Trim missingval(x) from x for axes in dims, returning a view of x.
Arguments
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack. For stacks, all layers must having missing values for a pixel for it to be trimmed.
Keywords
  • dims: By default dims=(XDim, YDim), so that trimming keeps the area of X and Y that contains non-missing values along all other dimensions.
  • pad: The trimmed size will be padded by pad on all sides, although padding will not be added beyond the original extent of the array.
As trim is lazy, filename and suffix keywords are not used.
Example
Create trimmed layers of Australian habitat heterogeneity.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 layers = (:evenness, :range, :contrast, :correlation)
 st = RasterStack(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, layers)
 
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@
 savefig(a, "build/trim_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/trim_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before trim:
After trim:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.warp Method
julia
warp(A::AbstractRaster, flags::Dict; kw...)
Gives access to the GDALs gdalwarp method given a Dict of flag => value arguments that can be converted to strings, or vectors where multiple space-separated arguments are required.
Arrays with additional dimensions not handled by GDAL (other than X, Y, Band) are sliced, warped, and then combined to match the original array dimensions. These slices will not be written to disk and loaded lazily at this stage - you will need to do that manually if required.
See the gdalwarp docs for a list of arguments.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method available.
Keywords
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Any additional keywords are passed to ArchGDAL.Dataset.
Example
This simply resamples the array with the :tr (output file resolution) and :r flags, giving us a pixelated version:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
+# output
Before trim:
After trim:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.warp Method
julia
warp(A::AbstractRaster, flags::Dict; kw...)
Gives access to the GDALs gdalwarp method given a Dict of flag => value arguments that can be converted to strings, or vectors where multiple space-separated arguments are required.
Arrays with additional dimensions not handled by GDAL (other than X, Y, Band) are sliced, warped, and then combined to match the original array dimensions. These slices will not be written to disk and loaded lazily at this stage - you will need to do that manually if required.
See the gdalwarp docs for a list of arguments.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method available.
Keywords
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Any additional keywords are passed to ArchGDAL.Dataset.
Example
This simply resamples the array with the :tr (output file resolution) and :r flags, giving us a pixelated version:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
 a = plot(A)
 
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@
 savefig(a, "build/warp_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/warp_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before warp:
After warp:
In practise, prefer resample for this. But warp may be more flexible.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.zonal Method
julia
zonal(f, x::Union{Raster,RasterStack}; of, kw...)
Calculate zonal statistics for the the zone of a Raster or RasterStack covered by the of object/s.
Arguments
  • f: any function that reduces an iterable to a single value, such as sum or Statistics.mean
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack
  • of: A DimTuple, Extent, a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
These can be used when of is or contains (a) GeoInterface.jl compatible object(s):
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the line :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • skipmissing: wether to apply f to the result of skipmissing(A) or not. If true f will be passed an iterator over the values, which loses all spatial information. if false f will be passes a masked Raster or RasterStack, and will be responsible for handling missing values itself. The default value is true.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Shapefile, DataFrames, Downloads, Statistics, Dates
+# output
Before warp:
After warp:
In practise, prefer resample for this. But warp may be more flexible.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
Rasters.zonal Method
julia
zonal(f, x::Union{Raster,RasterStack}; of, kw...)
Calculate zonal statistics for the the zone of a Raster or RasterStack covered by the of object/s.
Arguments
  • f: any function that reduces an iterable to a single value, such as sum or Statistics.mean
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack
  • of: A DimTuple, Extent, a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
These can be used when of is or contains (a) GeoInterface.jl compatible object(s):
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the line :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • skipmissing: wether to apply f to the result of skipmissing(A) or not. If true f will be passed an iterator over the values, which loses all spatial information. if false f will be passes a masked Raster or RasterStack, and will be responsible for handling missing values itself. The default value is true.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Shapefile, DataFrames, Downloads, Statistics, Dates
 
 # Download a borders shapefile
 ne_url = "https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/raw/master/10m_cultural/ne_10m_admin_0_countries"
@@ -390,21 +390,21 @@
  256 │ Bajo Nuevo Bank               NaN        NaN        NaN        NaN      ⋯
  257 │ Serranilla Bank               NaN        NaN        NaN        NaN
  258 │ Scarborough Reef              NaN        NaN        NaN        NaN
-                                                  3 columns and 243 rows omitted
source
Reference - Internal functions ​
Rasters.AbstractProjected Type
julia
AbstractProjected <: AbstractSampled
Abstract supertype for projected index lookups.
source
Rasters.FileArray Type
julia
FileArray{S} <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
Filearray is a DiskArrays.jl AbstractDiskArray. Instead of holding an open object, it just holds a filename string that is opened lazily when it needs to be read.
source
Rasters.FileStack Type
julia
FileStack{S,Na}
+                                                  3 columns and 243 rows omitted
source
Reference - Internal functions ​
Rasters.AbstractProjected Type
julia
AbstractProjected <: AbstractSampled
Abstract supertype for projected index lookups.
source
Rasters.FileArray Type
julia
FileArray{S} <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
Filearray is a DiskArrays.jl AbstractDiskArray. Instead of holding an open object, it just holds a filename string that is opened lazily when it needs to be read.
source
Rasters.FileStack Type
julia
FileStack{S,Na}
 
-FileStack{S,Na}(filename, types, sizes, eachchunk, haschunks, write)
A wrapper object that holds file pointer and size/chunking metadata for a multi-layered stack stored in a single file, typically netcdf or hdf5.
S is a backend type like NCDsource, and Na is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
Rasters.OpenStack Type
julia
OpenStack{X,K}
+FileStack{S,Na}(filename, types, sizes, eachchunk, haschunks, write)
A wrapper object that holds file pointer and size/chunking metadata for a multi-layered stack stored in a single file, typically netcdf or hdf5.
S is a backend type like NCDsource, and Na is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
Rasters.OpenStack Type
julia
OpenStack{X,K}
 
-OpenStack{X,K}(dataset)
A wrapper for any stack-like opened dataset that can be indexed with Symbol keys to retrieve AbstractArray layers.
OpenStack is usually hidden from users, wrapped in a regular RasterStack passed as the function argument in open(stack) when the stack is contained in a single file.
X is a backend type like NCDsource, and K is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
Rasters.RasterDiskArray Type
julia
RasterDiskArray <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
A basic DiskArrays.jl wrapper for objects that don't have one defined yet. When we open a FileArray it is replaced with a RasterDiskArray.
source
Base.open Method
julia
open(f, A::AbstractRaster; write=false)
open is used to open any lazy=true AbstractRaster and do multiple operations on it in a safe way. The write keyword opens the file in write lookup so that it can be altered on disk using e.g. a broadcast.
f is a method that accepts a single argument - an Raster object which is just an AbstractRaster that holds an open disk-based object. Often it will be a do block:
lazy=false (in-memory) rasters will ignore open and pass themselves to f.
julia
# A is an `Raster` wrapping the opened disk-based object.
+OpenStack{X,K}(dataset)
A wrapper for any stack-like opened dataset that can be indexed with Symbol keys to retrieve AbstractArray layers.
OpenStack is usually hidden from users, wrapped in a regular RasterStack passed as the function argument in open(stack) when the stack is contained in a single file.
X is a backend type like NCDsource, and K is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
Rasters.RasterDiskArray Type
julia
RasterDiskArray <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
A basic DiskArrays.jl wrapper for objects that don't have one defined yet. When we open a FileArray it is replaced with a RasterDiskArray.
source
Base.open Method
julia
open(f, A::AbstractRaster; write=false)
open is used to open any lazy=true AbstractRaster and do multiple operations on it in a safe way. The write keyword opens the file in write lookup so that it can be altered on disk using e.g. a broadcast.
f is a method that accepts a single argument - an Raster object which is just an AbstractRaster that holds an open disk-based object. Often it will be a do block:
lazy=false (in-memory) rasters will ignore open and pass themselves to f.
julia
# A is an `Raster` wrapping the opened disk-based object.
 open(Raster(filepath); write=true) do A
     mask!(A; with=maskfile)
     A[I...] .*= 2
     # ...  other things you need to do with the open file
-end
By using a do block to open files we ensure they are always closed again after we finish working with them.
source
Base.read! Method
julia
read!(src::Union{AbstractString,AbstractRaster}, dst::AbstractRaster)
+end
By using a do block to open files we ensure they are always closed again after we finish working with them.
source
Base.read! Method
julia
read!(src::Union{AbstractString,AbstractRaster}, dst::AbstractRaster)
 read!(src::Union{AbstractString,AbstractRasterStack}, dst::AbstractRasterStack)
-read!(scr::AbstractRasterSeries, dst::AbstractRasterSeries)
read! will copy the data from src to the object dst.
src can be an object or a file-path String.
source
Base.read Method
julia
read(A::AbstractRaster)
+read!(scr::AbstractRasterSeries, dst::AbstractRasterSeries)
read! will copy the data from src to the object dst.
src can be an object or a file-path String.
source
Base.read Method
julia
read(A::AbstractRaster)
 read(A::AbstractRasterStack)
-read(A::AbstractRasterSeries)
read will move a Rasters.jl object completely to memory.
Keywords
  • checkmemory: If true (the default), check if there is enough memory for the operation. false will ignore memory needs.
source
Base.skipmissing Method
julia
skipmissing(itr::Raster)
Returns an iterable over the elements in a Raster object, skipping any values equal to either the missingval or missing.
source
Base.write Method
julia
Base.write(filepath::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterSeries; kw...)
Write any AbstractRasterSeries to multiple files, guessing the backend from the file extension.
The lookup values of the series will be appended to the filepath (before the extension), separated by underscores.
All keywords are passed through to these Raster and RasterStack methods.
Keywords
  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.
  • ext: filename extension such as ".tiff" or ".nc". Used to specify specific files if only a directory path is used.
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen. For series with RasterStack child objects, this may be a NamedTuple, one for each layer.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
source
Base.write Method
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterStack; kw...)
Write any AbstractRasterStack to one or multiple files, depending on the backend. Backend is guessed from the filename extension or forced with the source keyword.
If the source can't be saved as a stack-like object, individual array layers will be saved.
Keywords
  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.
  • ext: filename extension such as ".tiff" or ".nc". Used to specify specific files if only a directory path is used.
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen. For RasterStack this may be a NamedTuple, one for each layer.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.
NetCDF keywords
GDAL Keywords
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • driver: A GDAL driver name String or a GDAL driver retrieved via ArchGDAL.getdriver(drivername). By default driver is guessed from the filename extension.
  • options::Dict{String,String}: A dictionary containing the dataset creation options passed to the driver. For example: Dict("COMPRESS" => "DEFLATE").
Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html
Source comments
R grd/grid files
Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.
GDAL (tiff, and everything else)
Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.
source
Base.write Method
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, A::AbstractRaster; [source], kw...)
Write an AbstractRaster to file, guessing the backend from the file extension or using the source keyword.
Keywords
  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.
NetCDF keywords
GDAL Keywords
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • driver: A GDAL driver name String or a GDAL driver retrieved via ArchGDAL.getdriver(drivername). By default driver is guessed from the filename extension.
  • options::Dict{String,String}: A dictionary containing the dataset creation options passed to the driver. For example: Dict("COMPRESS" => "DEFLATE").
Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html
Source comments
R grd/grid files
Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.
GDAL (tiff, and everything else)
Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.
Returns filename.
source
Base.write Method
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, ::Type{GRDsource}, s::AbstractRaster; kw...)
Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file.
This method is called automatically if you write a Raster with a .grd or .gri extension.
Keywords
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
If this method is called directly the extension of filename will be ignored.
Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.
source
Rasters.checkmem! Method
julia
checkmem!(x::Bool)
Set checkmem to true or false.
In some architectures memory reporting may be wrong and you may wish to disable memory checks.
This setting can be overridden with the checkmem keyword, where applicable.
source
Rasters.rplot Method
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)
raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.
Keywords
  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.
  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.
  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.
  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.
  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().
  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.
  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.
  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.
  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.
  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.
  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.
source

-    
+read(A::AbstractRasterSeries)

read will move a Rasters.jl object completely to memory.

Keywords

  • checkmemory: If true (the default), check if there is enough memory for the operation. false will ignore memory needs.

source

Base.skipmissing Method
julia
skipmissing(itr::Raster)

Returns an iterable over the elements in a Raster object, skipping any values equal to either the missingval or missing.

source

Base.write Method
julia
Base.write(filepath::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterSeries; kw...)

Write any AbstractRasterSeries to multiple files, guessing the backend from the file extension.

The lookup values of the series will be appended to the filepath (before the extension), separated by underscores.

All keywords are passed through to these Raster and RasterStack methods.

Keywords

  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.

  • ext: filename extension such as ".tiff" or ".nc". Used to specify specific files if only a directory path is used.

  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.

  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen. For series with RasterStack child objects, this may be a NamedTuple, one for each layer.

  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.

  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.

source

Base.write Method
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterStack; kw...)

Write any AbstractRasterStack to one or multiple files, depending on the backend. Backend is guessed from the filename extension or forced with the source keyword.

If the source can't be saved as a stack-like object, individual array layers will be saved.

Keywords

  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.

  • ext: filename extension such as ".tiff" or ".nc". Used to specify specific files if only a directory path is used.

  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.

  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen. For RasterStack this may be a NamedTuple, one for each layer.

  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.

  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.

  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.

Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.

NetCDF keywords

GDAL Keywords

  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.

  • driver: A GDAL driver name String or a GDAL driver retrieved via ArchGDAL.getdriver(drivername). By default driver is guessed from the filename extension.

  • options::Dict{String,String}: A dictionary containing the dataset creation options passed to the driver. For example: Dict("COMPRESS" => "DEFLATE").

Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html

Source comments

R grd/grid files

Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.

GDAL (tiff, and everything else)

Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.

source

Base.write Method
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, A::AbstractRaster; [source], kw...)

Write an AbstractRaster to file, guessing the backend from the file extension or using the source keyword.

Keywords

  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.

  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.

  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen.

  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.

Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.

NetCDF keywords

GDAL Keywords

  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.

  • driver: A GDAL driver name String or a GDAL driver retrieved via ArchGDAL.getdriver(drivername). By default driver is guessed from the filename extension.

  • options::Dict{String,String}: A dictionary containing the dataset creation options passed to the driver. For example: Dict("COMPRESS" => "DEFLATE").

Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html

Source comments

R grd/grid files

Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.

GDAL (tiff, and everything else)

Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.

Returns filename.

source

Base.write Method
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, ::Type{GRDsource}, s::AbstractRaster; kw...)

Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file.

This method is called automatically if you write a Raster with a .grd or .gri extension.

Keywords

  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.

If this method is called directly the extension of filename will be ignored.

Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.

source

Rasters.checkmem! Method
julia
checkmem!(x::Bool)

Set checkmem to true or false.

In some architectures memory reporting may be wrong and you may wish to disable memory checks.

This setting can be overridden with the checkmem keyword, where applicable.

source

Rasters.rplot Method
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)

raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.

Keywords

  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.

  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.

  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.

  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.

  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.

  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.

  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().

  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.

  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.

  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.

  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.

  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.

  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.

  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.

  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.

source

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR800/array_operations.html b/previews/PR800/array_operations.html index 14a8a9f1..1ef4fdc4 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/array_operations.html +++ b/previews/PR800/array_operations.html @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ - + - + @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ -180.0 -3.4f38 -3.4f38 -3.4f38 -3.4f38 -15.399 -13.805 -14.046 ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ 179.833 -3.4f38 -3.4f38 -3.4f38 -3.4f38 … -17.1478 -15.4243 -15.701

setcrs(A, crs) and setmappedcrs(A, crs) will set the crs value/s of an object to any GeoFormat from GeoFormatTypes.jl.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/tzgtvbi.CVxd1wxn.png b/previews/PR800/assets/aaheudt.CVxd1wxn.png similarity index 100% rename from previews/PR800/assets/tzgtvbi.CVxd1wxn.png rename to previews/PR800/assets/aaheudt.CVxd1wxn.png diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/api.md.CT61Ntce.js b/previews/PR800/assets/api.md.B3FoRFRA.js similarity index 97% rename from previews/PR800/assets/api.md.CT61Ntce.js rename to previews/PR800/assets/api.md.B3FoRFRA.js index dbeca3f3..bcd76fa5 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/assets/api.md.CT61Ntce.js +++ b/previews/PR800/assets/api.md.B3FoRFRA.js @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ -import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const 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r(),p("div",null,[s[192]||(s[192]=t('

Index ​

Reference - Exported functions ​

',3)),i("details",T,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Rasters",href:"#Rasters.Rasters"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Rasters")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlModule",text:"Module"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=i("p",null,[i("a",{href:"https://github.com/rafaqz/Rasters.jl/blob/672d88bb8d5b789f6979754e2208f7a272b46e56/src/Rasters.jl#L4",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"source")],-1))]),i("details",S,[i("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRaster",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRaster"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRaster")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=t('
julia
AbstractRaster <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimArray

Abstract supertype for objects that wrap an array (or location of an array) and metadata about its contents. It may be memory or hold a FileArray, which holds the filename, and is only opened when required.

AbstractRasters inherit from AbstractDimArray from DimensionalData.jl. They can be indexed as regular Julia arrays or with DimensionalData.jl Dimensions. They will plot as a heatmap in Plots.jl with correct coordinates and labels, even after slicing with getindex or view. getindex on a AbstractRaster will always return a memory-backed Raster.

source

',4))]),i("details",q,[i("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=t('
julia
AbstractRasterSeries <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimensionalArray

Abstract supertype for high-level DimensionalArray that hold RasterStacks, Rasters, or the paths they can be loaded from. RasterSeries are indexed with dimensions as with a AbstractRaster. This is useful when you have multiple files containing rasters or stacks of rasters spread over dimensions like time and elevation.

As much as possible, implementations should facilitate loading entire directories and detecting the dimensions from metadata.

This allows syntax like below for a series of stacks of arrays:

julia
RasterSeries[Time(Near(DateTime(2001, 1))][:temp][Y(Between(70, 150)), X(Between(-20,20))] |> plot`

RasterSeries is the concrete implementation.

source

',7))]),i("details",L,[i("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRasterStack",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRasterStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRasterStack")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=t('
julia
AbstractRasterStack

Abstract supertype for objects that hold multiple AbstractRasters that share spatial dimensions.

They are NamedTuple-like structures that may either contain NamedTuple of AbstractRasters, string paths that will load AbstractRasters, or a single path that points to a file containing multiple layers, like NetCDF or HDF5. Use and syntax is similar or identical for all cases.

AbstractRasterStack can hold layers that share some or all of their dimensions. They cannot have the same dimension with different length or spatial extent as another layer.

getindex on an AbstractRasterStack generally returns a memory backed standard Raster. raster[:somelayer] |> plot plots the layers array, while raster[:somelayer, X(1:100), Band(2)] |> plot will plot the subset without loading the whole array.

getindex on an AbstractRasterStack with a key returns another stack with getindex applied to all the arrays in the stack.

source

',7))]),i("details",I,[i("summary",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Band",href:"#Rasters.Band"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Band")],-1)),s[13]||(s[13]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[14]||(s[14]=t(`
julia
Band <: Dimension
+import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const h="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/aggregate_example.vPDkaGne.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/boolmask_example.B6nOyO_A.png",k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/classify_example.CA_6ItEA.png",c="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/classify_bang_example.Ch0DZvbI.png",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/nz_crop_example.CeBIxUDy.png",y="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/argentina_crop_example.DlKBBk5m.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/extend_example.DNJ4wwKN.png",u="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/boolmask_example.B6nOyO_A.png",m="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_bang_example.ptHNiUCT.png",b="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_example_africa.Dpr9JnNl.png",F="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_example_aus.3EfcKnQU.png",f="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_example_combined.XY5Q_nfP.png",C="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/china_rasterized.kM95Jnlf.png",A="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/indonesia_rasterized.CAASrLmh.png",R="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/warp_example_before.DrW8As6m.png",v="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/resample_example_after.C_gavhhT.png",D="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/trim_example_before.B583SoP8.png",j="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/trim_example_after.CsDpPakV.png",B="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/warp_example_before.DrW8As6m.png",w="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/warp_example_after.rgHHAHxc.png",Ys=JSON.parse('{"title":"","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"api.md","filePath":"api.md","lastUpdated":null}'),x={name:"api.md"},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},S={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},L={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},I={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},z={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},P={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},G={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},N={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},O={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},M={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},_={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},U={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},W={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},K={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},V={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},X={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},H={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},J={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Z={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},$={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ss={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},is={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},es={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},as={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ts={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ns={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ls={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ps={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},os={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},rs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},hs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ds={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ks={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},cs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},gs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ys={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Es={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},us={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ms={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},bs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Fs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},fs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Cs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},As={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Rs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},vs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ds={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},js={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Bs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ws={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},xs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ts={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ss={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},qs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ls={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Is={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},zs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ps={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Gs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ns={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Os={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function Ms(_s,s,Us,Ws,Ks,Vs){const a=o("Badge");return r(),p("div",null,[s[192]||(s[192]=t('
Index ​
Reference - Exported functions ​
',3)),i("details",T,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Rasters",href:"#Rasters.Rasters"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Rasters")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlModule",text:"Module"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=i("p",null,[i("a",{href:"https://github.com/rafaqz/Rasters.jl/blob/b3c3587fcb848f8d88fae337a6c7e0804c081eb3/src/Rasters.jl#L4",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"source")],-1))]),i("details",S,[i("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRaster",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRaster"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRaster")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=t('
julia
AbstractRaster <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimArray
Abstract supertype for objects that wrap an array (or location of an array) and metadata about its contents. It may be memory or hold a FileArray, which holds the filename, and is only opened when required.
AbstractRasters inherit from AbstractDimArray from DimensionalData.jl. They can be indexed as regular Julia arrays or with DimensionalData.jl Dimensions. They will plot as a heatmap in Plots.jl with correct coordinates and labels, even after slicing with getindex or view. getindex on a AbstractRaster will always return a memory-backed Raster.
source
',4))]),i("details",q,[i("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=t('
julia
AbstractRasterSeries <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimensionalArray
Abstract supertype for high-level DimensionalArray that hold RasterStacks, Rasters, or the paths they can be loaded from. RasterSeries are indexed with dimensions as with a AbstractRaster. This is useful when you have multiple files containing rasters or stacks of rasters spread over dimensions like time and elevation.
As much as possible, implementations should facilitate loading entire directories and detecting the dimensions from metadata.
This allows syntax like below for a series of stacks of arrays:
julia
RasterSeries[Time(Near(DateTime(2001, 1))][:temp][Y(Between(70, 150)), X(Between(-20,20))] |> plot`
RasterSeries is the concrete implementation.
source
',7))]),i("details",L,[i("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRasterStack",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRasterStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRasterStack")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=t('
julia
AbstractRasterStack
Abstract supertype for objects that hold multiple AbstractRasters that share spatial dimensions.
They are NamedTuple-like structures that may either contain NamedTuple of AbstractRasters, string paths that will load AbstractRasters, or a single path that points to a file containing multiple layers, like NetCDF or HDF5. Use and syntax is similar or identical for all cases.
AbstractRasterStack can hold layers that share some or all of their dimensions. They cannot have the same dimension with different length or spatial extent as another layer.
getindex on an AbstractRasterStack generally returns a memory backed standard Raster. raster[:somelayer] |> plot plots the layers array, while raster[:somelayer, X(1:100), Band(2)] |> plot will plot the subset without loading the whole array.
getindex on an AbstractRasterStack with a key returns another stack with getindex applied to all the arrays in the stack.
source
',7))]),i("details",I,[i("summary",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Band",href:"#Rasters.Band"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Band")],-1)),s[13]||(s[13]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[14]||(s[14]=t(`
julia
Band <: Dimension
 
 Band(val=:)
Band Dimension for multi-band rasters.
Example:
julia
banddim = Band(10:10:100)
 # Or
 val = A[Band(1)]
 # Or
-mean(A; dims=Band)
source
`,5))]),i("details",z,[i("summary",null,[s[15]||(s[15]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Mapped",href:"#Rasters.Mapped"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Mapped")],-1)),s[16]||(s[16]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[17]||(s[17]=t(`
julia
Mapped <: AbstractProjected
+mean(A; dims=Band)
source
`,5))]),i("details",z,[i("summary",null,[s[15]||(s[15]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Mapped",href:"#Rasters.Mapped"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Mapped")],-1)),s[16]||(s[16]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[17]||(s[17]=t(`
julia
Mapped <: AbstractProjected
 
 Mapped(order, span, sampling, crs, mappedcrs)
-Mapped(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs=nothing, mappedcrs)
An AbstractSampled Lookup, where the dimension index has been mapped to another projection, usually lat/lon or EPSG(4326). Mapped matches the dimension format commonly used in netcdf files.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
The mapped dimension index will be used as for Sampled, but to save in another format the underlying crs may be used to convert it.
source
`,5))]),i("details",P,[i("summary",null,[s[18]||(s[18]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Projected",href:"#Rasters.Projected"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Projected")],-1)),s[19]||(s[19]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[20]||(s[20]=t(`
julia
Projected <: AbstractProjected
+Mapped(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs=nothing, mappedcrs)
An AbstractSampled Lookup, where the dimension index has been mapped to another projection, usually lat/lon or EPSG(4326). Mapped matches the dimension format commonly used in netcdf files.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
The mapped dimension index will be used as for Sampled, but to save in another format the underlying crs may be used to convert it.
source
`,5))]),i("details",P,[i("summary",null,[s[18]||(s[18]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Projected",href:"#Rasters.Projected"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Projected")],-1)),s[19]||(s[19]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[20]||(s[20]=t(`
julia
Projected <: AbstractProjected
 
 Projected(order, span, sampling, crs, mappedcrs)
-Projected(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs, mappedcrs=nothing)
An AbstractSampled Lookup with projections attached.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
If both crs and mappedcrs fields contain CRS data (in a GeoFormat wrapper from GeoFormatTypes.jl) the selector inputs and plot axes will be converted from and to the specified mappedcrs projection automatically. A common use case would be to pass mappedcrs=EPSG(4326) to the constructor when loading eg. a GDALarray:
julia
GDALarray(filename; mappedcrs=EPSG(4326))
The underlying crs will be detected by GDAL.
If mappedcrs is not supplied (ie. mappedcrs=nothing), the base index will be shown on plots, and selectors will need to use whatever format it is in.
source
`,8))]),i("details",G,[i("summary",null,[s[21]||(s[21]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Raster",href:"#Rasters.Raster"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Raster")],-1)),s[22]||(s[22]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[23]||(s[23]=t(`
julia
Raster <: AbstractRaster
+Projected(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs, mappedcrs=nothing)
An AbstractSampled Lookup with projections attached.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
If both crs and mappedcrs fields contain CRS data (in a GeoFormat wrapper from GeoFormatTypes.jl) the selector inputs and plot axes will be converted from and to the specified mappedcrs projection automatically. A common use case would be to pass mappedcrs=EPSG(4326) to the constructor when loading eg. a GDALarray:
julia
GDALarray(filename; mappedcrs=EPSG(4326))
The underlying crs will be detected by GDAL.
If mappedcrs is not supplied (ie. mappedcrs=nothing), the base index will be shown on plots, and selectors will need to use whatever format it is in.
source
`,8))]),i("details",G,[i("summary",null,[s[21]||(s[21]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Raster",href:"#Rasters.Raster"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Raster")],-1)),s[22]||(s[22]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[23]||(s[23]=t(`
julia
Raster <: AbstractRaster
 
 Raster(filepath::String; kw...)
 Raster(A::AbstractDimArray; kw...)
-Raster(A::AbstractArray, dims; kw...)
A generic AbstractRaster for spatial/raster array data. It can hold either memory-backed arrays or, if lazy=true, a FileArray, which stores the String path to an unopened file.
If lazy=true, the file will only be opened lazily when it is indexed with getindex or when read(A) is called. Broadcasting, taking a view, reversing, and most other methods will not load data from disk; they will be applied later, lazily.
Arguments
  • dims: Tuple of Dimensions needed when an AbstractArray is used.
Keywords
  • name: a Symbol name for the array, which will also retrieve the, alphabetically first, named layer if Raster is used on a multi-layered file like a NetCDF. If instead RasterStack is used to read the multi-layered file, by default, all variables will be added to the stack.
  • group: the group in the dataset where name can be found. Only needed for nested datasets. A String or Symbol will select a single group. Pairs can also used to access groups at any nested depth, i.e group=:group1 => :group2 => :group3.
  • missingval: value reprsenting missing data, normally detected from the file. Set manually when you know the value is not specified or is incorrect. This will not change any values in the raster, it simply assigns which value is treated as missing. To replace all of the missing values in the raster, use replace_missing.
  • metadata: Dict or Metadata object for the array, or NoMetadata().
  • crs: the coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. Only set this if you know the detected crs is incorrect, or it is not present in the file. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat object, like EPSG(4326).
  • mappedcrs: the mapped coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. for Mapped lookups these are the actual values of the index. For Projected lookups this can be used to index in eg. EPSG(4326) lat/lon values, having it converted automatically. Only set this if the detected mappedcrs in incorrect, or the file does not have a mappedcrs, e.g. a tiff. The mappedcrs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat type.
  • refdims: Tuple of position Dimensions the array was sliced from, defaulting to (). Usually not needed.
When a filepath String is used:
  • dropband: drop single band dimensions when creating stacks from filenames. true by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • replace_missing: replace missingval with missing. This is done lazily if lazy=true. Note that currently for NetCDF and GRIB files replace_missing is always true. In future replace_missing=false will also work for these data sources.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • write: defines the default write keyword value when calling open on the Raster. false by default. Only makes sense to use when lazy=true.
When A is an AbstractDimArray:
  • data: can replace the data in an existing AbstractRaster
source
`,12))]),i("details",N,[i("summary",null,[s[24]||(s[24]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterSeries",href:"#Rasters.RasterSeries"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterSeries")],-1)),s[25]||(s[25]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[26]||(s[26]=t(`
julia
RasterSeries <: AbstractRasterSeries
+Raster(A::AbstractArray, dims; kw...)
A generic AbstractRaster for spatial/raster array data. It can hold either memory-backed arrays or, if lazy=true, a FileArray, which stores the String path to an unopened file.
If lazy=true, the file will only be opened lazily when it is indexed with getindex or when read(A) is called. Broadcasting, taking a view, reversing, and most other methods will not load data from disk; they will be applied later, lazily.
Arguments
  • dims: Tuple of Dimensions needed when an AbstractArray is used.
Keywords
  • name: a Symbol name for the array, which will also retrieve the, alphabetically first, named layer if Raster is used on a multi-layered file like a NetCDF. If instead RasterStack is used to read the multi-layered file, by default, all variables will be added to the stack.
  • group: the group in the dataset where name can be found. Only needed for nested datasets. A String or Symbol will select a single group. Pairs can also used to access groups at any nested depth, i.e group=:group1 => :group2 => :group3.
  • missingval: value reprsenting missing data, normally detected from the file. Set manually when you know the value is not specified or is incorrect. This will not change any values in the raster, it simply assigns which value is treated as missing. To replace all of the missing values in the raster, use replace_missing.
  • metadata: Dict or Metadata object for the array, or NoMetadata().
  • crs: the coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. Only set this if you know the detected crs is incorrect, or it is not present in the file. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat object, like EPSG(4326).
  • mappedcrs: the mapped coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. for Mapped lookups these are the actual values of the index. For Projected lookups this can be used to index in eg. EPSG(4326) lat/lon values, having it converted automatically. Only set this if the detected mappedcrs in incorrect, or the file does not have a mappedcrs, e.g. a tiff. The mappedcrs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat type.
  • refdims: Tuple of position Dimensions the array was sliced from, defaulting to (). Usually not needed.
When a filepath String is used:
  • dropband: drop single band dimensions when creating stacks from filenames. true by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • replace_missing: replace missingval with missing. This is done lazily if lazy=true. Note that currently for NetCDF and GRIB files replace_missing is always true. In future replace_missing=false will also work for these data sources.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • write: defines the default write keyword value when calling open on the Raster. false by default. Only makes sense to use when lazy=true.
When A is an AbstractDimArray:
  • data: can replace the data in an existing AbstractRaster
source
`,12))]),i("details",N,[i("summary",null,[s[24]||(s[24]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterSeries",href:"#Rasters.RasterSeries"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterSeries")],-1)),s[25]||(s[25]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[26]||(s[26]=t(`
julia
RasterSeries <: AbstractRasterSeries
 
 RasterSeries(rasters::AbstractArray{<:AbstractRaster}, dims; [refdims])
 RasterSeries(stacks::AbstractArray{<:AbstractRasterStack}, dims; [refdims]) 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 2-element RasterSeries{Raster,1} with dimensions: 
   Ti Sampled{DateTime} DateTime[DateTime("2001-01-01T00:00:00"), DateTime("2002-01-01T00:00:00")] ForwardOrdered Irregular Points
The DateTime suffix is parsed from the filenames. Using Ti(Int) would try to parse integers instead.
Just using the directory will also work, unless there are other files mixed in it:
julia
julia> ser = RasterSeries("series_dir", Ti(DateTime))
 2-element RasterSeries{Raster,1} with dimensions: 
-  Ti Sampled{DateTime} DateTime[DateTime("2001-01-01T00:00:00"), DateTime("2002-01-01T00:00:00")] ForwardOrdered Irregular Points
Arguments
  • dims: series dimension/s.
Keywords
When loading a series from a Vector of String paths or a single String path:
  • child: constructor of child objects for use when filenames are passed in, can be Raster or RasterStack. Defaults to Raster.
  • duplicate_first::Bool: wether to duplicate the dimensions and metadata of the first file with all other files. This can save load time with a large series where dimensions are identical. false by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • kw: keywords passed to the child constructor Raster or RasterStack.
When loading a series from a single String path:
  • separator: separator used to split lookup elements from the rest of a filename. '_' by default.
Others:
  • refdims: existing reference dimension/s, normally not required.
source
`,22))]),i("details",O,[i("summary",null,[s[27]||(s[27]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterStack",href:"#Rasters.RasterStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterStack")],-1)),s[28]||(s[28]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[29]||(s[29]=t(`
julia
RasterStack <: AbstrackRasterStack
+  Ti Sampled{DateTime} DateTime[DateTime("2001-01-01T00:00:00"), DateTime("2002-01-01T00:00:00")] ForwardOrdered Irregular Points
Arguments
  • dims: series dimension/s.
Keywords
When loading a series from a Vector of String paths or a single String path:
  • child: constructor of child objects for use when filenames are passed in, can be Raster or RasterStack. Defaults to Raster.
  • duplicate_first::Bool: wether to duplicate the dimensions and metadata of the first file with all other files. This can save load time with a large series where dimensions are identical. false by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • kw: keywords passed to the child constructor Raster or RasterStack.
When loading a series from a single String path:
  • separator: separator used to split lookup elements from the rest of a filename. '_' by default.
Others:
  • refdims: existing reference dimension/s, normally not required.
source
`,22))]),i("details",O,[i("summary",null,[s[27]||(s[27]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterStack",href:"#Rasters.RasterStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterStack")],-1)),s[28]||(s[28]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[29]||(s[29]=t(`
julia
RasterStack <: AbstrackRasterStack
 
 RasterStack(data...; name, kw...)
 RasterStack(data::Union{Vector,Tuple}; name, kw...)
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 RasterStack(data::Raster; layersfrom=Band, kw...)
 RasterStack(filepath::AbstractString; kw...)
Load a file path or a NamedTuple of paths as a RasterStack, or convert arguments, a Vector or NamedTuple of Rasters to RasterStack.
Arguments
  • data: A NamedTuple of Rasters or String, or a Vector, Tuple or splatted arguments of Raster. The latter options must pass a name keyword argument.
  • filepath: A file (such as netcdf or tif) to be loaded as a stack, or a directory path containing multiple files.
Keywords
  • name: Used as stack layer names when a Tuple, Vector or splat of Raster is passed in. Has no effect when NameTuple is used - the NamedTuple keys are the layer names.
  • group: the group in the dataset where name can be found. Only needed for nested datasets. A String or Symbol will select a single group. Pairs can also used to access groups at any nested depth, i.e group=:group1 => :group2 => :group3.
  • metadata: A Dict or DimensionalData.Metadata object.
  • missingval: a single value for all layers or a NamedTuple of missingval for each layer. nothing specifies no missing value.
  • crs: the coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. Only set this if you know the detected crs is incorrect, or it is not present in the file. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat object, like EPSG(4326).
  • mappedcrs: the mapped coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. for Mapped lookups these are the actual values of the index. For Projected lookups this can be used to index in eg. EPSG(4326) lat/lon values, having it converted automatically. Only set this if the detected mappedcrs in incorrect, or the file does not have a mappedcrs, e.g. a tiff. The mappedcrs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat type.
  • refdims: Tuple of Dimension that the stack was sliced from.
For when one or multiple filepaths are used:
  • dropband: drop single band dimensions when creating stacks from filenames. true by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • replace_missing: replace missingval with missing. This is done lazily if lazy=true. Note that currently for NetCDF and GRIB files replace_missing is always true. In future replace_missing=false will also work for these data sources.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
For when a single Raster is used:
  • layersfrom: Dimension to source stack layers from if the file is not already multi-layered. nothing is default, so that a single RasterStack(raster) is a single layered stack. RasterStack(raster; layersfrom=Band) will use the bands as layers.
julia
files = (temp="temp.tif", pressure="pressure.tif", relhum="relhum.tif")
 stack = RasterStack(files; mappedcrs=EPSG(4326))
-stack[:relhum][Lat(Contains(-37), Lon(Contains(144))
source
`,12))]),i("details",M,[i("summary",null,[s[30]||(s[30]=i("a",{id:"DimensionalData.modify-Tuple{Any, AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#DimensionalData.modify-Tuple{Any, AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"DimensionalData.modify")],-1)),s[31]||(s[31]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[32]||(s[32]=t('
julia
modify(f, series::AbstractRasterSeries)
Apply function f to the data of the child object. If the child is an AbstractRasterStack the function will be passed on to its child AbstractRasters.
f must return an identically sized array.
This method triggers a complete rebuild of all objects, and disk based objects will be transferred to memory.
An example of the usefulnesss of this is for swapping out array backend for an entire series to CuArray from CUDA.jl to copy data to a GPU.
source
',6))]),i("details",_,[i("summary",null,[s[33]||(s[33]=i("a",{id:"GeoInterface.crs-Tuple{Union{Tuple{Dimension, Vararg{Dimension}}, AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#GeoInterface.crs-Tuple{Union{Tuple{Dimension, Vararg{Dimension}}, AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"GeoInterface.crs")],-1)),s[34]||(s[34]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[35]||(s[35]=t('
julia
crs(x::Raster)
Get the projected coordinate reference system of a Y or X Dimension, or of the Y/X dims of an AbstractRaster.
For Mapped lookup this may be nothing as there may be no projected coordinate reference system at all. See setcrs to set it manually.
source
',4))]),i("details",U,[i("summary",null,[s[36]||(s[36]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.aggregate",href:"#Rasters.aggregate"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.aggregate")],-1)),s[37]||(s[37]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[38]||(s[38]=t(`
julia
aggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, skipmissing)
Aggregate a Raster, or all arrays in a RasterStack or RasterSeries, by scale using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that specifies where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Statistics, Plots
+stack[:relhum][Lat(Contains(-37), Lon(Contains(144))
source
`,12))]),i("details",M,[i("summary",null,[s[30]||(s[30]=i("a",{id:"DimensionalData.modify-Tuple{Any, AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#DimensionalData.modify-Tuple{Any, AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"DimensionalData.modify")],-1)),s[31]||(s[31]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[32]||(s[32]=t('
julia
modify(f, series::AbstractRasterSeries)
Apply function f to the data of the child object. If the child is an AbstractRasterStack the function will be passed on to its child AbstractRasters.
f must return an identically sized array.
This method triggers a complete rebuild of all objects, and disk based objects will be transferred to memory.
An example of the usefulnesss of this is for swapping out array backend for an entire series to CuArray from CUDA.jl to copy data to a GPU.
source
',6))]),i("details",_,[i("summary",null,[s[33]||(s[33]=i("a",{id:"GeoInterface.crs-Tuple{Union{Tuple{Dimension, Vararg{Dimension}}, AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#GeoInterface.crs-Tuple{Union{Tuple{Dimension, Vararg{Dimension}}, AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"GeoInterface.crs")],-1)),s[34]||(s[34]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[35]||(s[35]=t('
julia
crs(x::Raster)
Get the projected coordinate reference system of a Y or X Dimension, or of the Y/X dims of an AbstractRaster.
For Mapped lookup this may be nothing as there may be no projected coordinate reference system at all. See setcrs to set it manually.
source
',4))]),i("details",U,[i("summary",null,[s[36]||(s[36]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.aggregate",href:"#Rasters.aggregate"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.aggregate")],-1)),s[37]||(s[37]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[38]||(s[38]=t(`
julia
aggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, skipmissing)
Aggregate a Raster, or all arrays in a RasterStack or RasterSeries, by scale using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that specifies where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Statistics, Plots
 import ArchGDAL
 using Rasters: Center
 st = read(RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month=1))
 ag = aggregate(Center(), st, (Y(20), X(20)); skipmissingval=true, progress=false)
 plot(ag)
 savefig("build/aggregate_example.png"); nothing
-# output
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',12))]),i("details",W,[i("summary",null,[s[39]||(s[39]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.aggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}",href:"#Rasters.aggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.aggregate!")],-1)),s[40]||(s[40]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[41]||(s[41]=t('
julia
aggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, scale; skipmissingval=false)
Aggregate array src to array dst by scale, using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
Note: currently it is much faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',9))]),i("details",K,[i("summary",null,[s[42]||(s[42]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.boolmask",href:"#Rasters.boolmask"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.boolmask")],-1)),s[43]||(s[43]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[44]||(s[44]=t(`
julia
boolmask(obj::Raster; [missingval])
+# output
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',12))]),i("details",W,[i("summary",null,[s[39]||(s[39]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.aggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}",href:"#Rasters.aggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.aggregate!")],-1)),s[40]||(s[40]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[41]||(s[41]=t('
julia
aggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, scale; skipmissingval=false)
Aggregate array src to array dst by scale, using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
Note: currently it is much faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',9))]),i("details",K,[i("summary",null,[s[42]||(s[42]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.boolmask",href:"#Rasters.boolmask"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.boolmask")],-1)),s[43]||(s[43]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[44]||(s[44]=t(`
julia
boolmask(obj::Raster; [missingval])
 boolmask(obj; [to, res, size])
 boolmask(obj::RasterStack; alllayers=true, kw...)
Create a mask array of Bool values, from another Raster. AbstractRasterStack or AbstractRasterSeries are also accepted.
The array returned from calling boolmask on a AbstractRaster is a Raster with the same dimensions as the original array and a missingval of false.
Arguments
  • a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Raster / RasterStack Keywords
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: The missing value of the source array, with default missingval(raster).
Keywords
  • alllayers: if true a mask is taken for all layers, otherwise only the first layer is used. Defaults to true
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
And specifically for shape=:polygon:
  • boundary: include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the line :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside inside the polygon. The default is :center.
For tabular data, feature collections and other iterables
  • collapse: if true, collapse all geometry masks into a single mask. Otherwise return a Raster with an additional geometry dimension, so that each slice along this axis is the mask of the geometry opbject of each row of the table, feature in the feature collection, or just each geometry in the iterable.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 wc = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/boolmask_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',18))]),i("details",V,[i("summary",null,[s[45]||(s[45]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.cellarea-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.cellarea-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.cellarea")],-1)),s[46]||(s[46]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[47]||(s[47]=t(`
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',18))]),i("details",V,[i("summary",null,[s[45]||(s[45]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.cellarea-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.cellarea-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.cellarea")],-1)),s[46]||(s[46]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[47]||(s[47]=t(`
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
 xdim = X(Projected(90.0:10.0:120; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 ydim = Y(Projected(0.0:10.0:50; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 myraster = rand(xdim, ydim)
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
   90.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  100.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  110.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
- 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,9))]),i("details",X,[i("summary",null,[s[48]||(s[48]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.classify",href:"#Rasters.classify"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.classify")],-1)),s[49]||(s[49]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[50]||(s[50]=t(`
julia
classify(x, pairs; lower=(>=), upper=(<), others=nothing)
+ 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,9))]),i("details",X,[i("summary",null,[s[48]||(s[48]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.classify",href:"#Rasters.classify"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.classify")],-1)),s[49]||(s[49]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[50]||(s[50]=t(`
julia
classify(x, pairs; lower=(>=), upper=(<), others=nothing)
 classify(x, pairs...; lower, upper, others)
Create a new array with values in x classified by the values in pairs.
pairs can hold tuples fo values (2, 3), a Fix2 function e.g. <=(1), a Tuple of Fix2 e.g. (>=(4), <(7)), or an IntervalSets.jl interval, e.g. 3..9 or OpenInterval(10, 12). pairs can also be a n * 3 matrix where each row is lower bounds, upper bounds, replacement.
If tuples or a Matrix are used, the lower and upper keywords define how the lower and upper boundaries are chosen.
If others is set other values not covered in pairs will be set to that values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack
  • pairs: each pair contains a value and a replacement, a tuple of lower and upper range and a replacement, or a Tuple of Fix2 like (>(x), <(y).
Keywords
  • lower: Which comparison (< or <=) to use for lower values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • upper: Which comparison (> or >=) to use for upper values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • others: A value to assign to all values not included in pairs. Passing nothing (the default) will leave them unchanged.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :tavg; month=1)
 classes = <=(15) => 10,
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/classify_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',14))]),i("details",Y,[i("summary",null,[s[51]||(s[51]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.classify!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, Pair, Vararg{Pair}}",href:"#Rasters.classify!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, Pair, Vararg{Pair}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.classify!")],-1)),s[52]||(s[52]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[53]||(s[53]=t(`
julia
classify!(x, pairs...; lower, upper, others)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',14))]),i("details",Y,[i("summary",null,[s[51]||(s[51]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.classify!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, Pair, Vararg{Pair}}",href:"#Rasters.classify!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, Pair, Vararg{Pair}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.classify!")],-1)),s[52]||(s[52]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[53]||(s[53]=t(`
julia
classify!(x, pairs...; lower, upper, others)
 classify!(x, pairs; lower, upper, others)
Classify the values of x in-place, by the values in pairs.
If Fix2 is not used, the lower and upper keywords
If others is set other values not covered in pairs will be set to that values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack
  • pairs: each pair contains a value and a replacement, a tuple of lower and upper range and a replacement, or a Tuple of Fix2 like (>(x), <(y).
Keywords
  • lower: Which comparison (< or <=) to use for lower values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • upper: Which comparison (> or >=) to use for upper values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • others: A value to assign to all values not included in pairs. Passing nothing (the default) will leave them unchanged.
Example
classify! to disk, with key steps:
  • copying a tempory file so we don't write over the RasterDataSources.jl version.
  • use open with write=true to open the file with disk-write permissions.
  • use Float32 like 10.0f0 for all our replacement values and other, because the file is stored as Float32. Attempting to write some other type will fail.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 # Download and copy the file
 filename = getraster(WorldClim{Climate}, :tavg; month=6)
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/classify_bang_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',15))]),i("details",H,[i("summary",null,[s[54]||(s[54]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.combine-Tuple{AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#Rasters.combine-Tuple{AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.combine")],-1)),s[55]||(s[55]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[56]||(s[56]=t('
julia
combine(A::AbstracRasterSeries; [dims], [lazy]) => Raster
Combine a RasterSeries along some dimension/s, creating a new Raster or RasterStack, depending on the contents of the series.
If dims are passed, only the specified dimensions will be combined with a RasterSeries returned, unless dims is all the dims in the series.
If lazy, concatenate lazily. The default is to concatenate lazily for lazy Rasters and eagerly otherwise.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',6))]),i("details",J,[i("summary",null,[s[57]||(s[57]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.convertlookup-Tuple{Type{<:Lookup}, AbstractDimArray}",href:"#Rasters.convertlookup-Tuple{Type{<:Lookup}, AbstractDimArray}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.convertlookup")],-1)),s[58]||(s[58]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[59]||(s[59]=t('
julia
convertlookup(dstlookup::Type{<:Lookup}, x)
Convert the dimension lookup between Projected and Mapped. Other dimension lookups pass through unchanged.
This is used to e.g. save a netcdf file to GeoTiff.
source
',4))]),i("details",Z,[i("summary",null,[s[60]||(s[60]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.coverage!-Tuple{Union{typeof(sum), typeof(union)}, AbstractRaster, Any}",href:"#Rasters.coverage!-Tuple{Union{typeof(sum), typeof(union)}, AbstractRaster, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.coverage!")],-1)),s[61]||(s[61]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[62]||(s[62]=t('
julia
coverage!(A, geom; [mode, scale])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
source
',8))]),i("details",$,[i("summary",null,[s[63]||(s[63]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.coverage-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.coverage-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.coverage")],-1)),s[64]||(s[64]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[65]||(s[65]=t(`
julia
coverage(mode, geom; [to, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
-coverage(geom; [to, mode, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
source
`,8))]),i("details",Q,[i("summary",null,[s[66]||(s[66]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.crop",href:"#Rasters.crop"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.crop")],-1)),s[67]||(s[67]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[68]||(s[68]=t(`
julia
crop(x; to, touches=false, [geometrycolumn])
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',15))]),i("details",H,[i("summary",null,[s[54]||(s[54]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.combine-Tuple{AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#Rasters.combine-Tuple{AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.combine")],-1)),s[55]||(s[55]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[56]||(s[56]=t('
julia
combine(A::AbstracRasterSeries; [dims], [lazy]) => Raster
Combine a RasterSeries along some dimension/s, creating a new Raster or RasterStack, depending on the contents of the series.
If dims are passed, only the specified dimensions will be combined with a RasterSeries returned, unless dims is all the dims in the series.
If lazy, concatenate lazily. The default is to concatenate lazily for lazy Rasters and eagerly otherwise.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',6))]),i("details",J,[i("summary",null,[s[57]||(s[57]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.convertlookup-Tuple{Type{<:Lookup}, AbstractDimArray}",href:"#Rasters.convertlookup-Tuple{Type{<:Lookup}, AbstractDimArray}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.convertlookup")],-1)),s[58]||(s[58]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[59]||(s[59]=t('
julia
convertlookup(dstlookup::Type{<:Lookup}, x)
Convert the dimension lookup between Projected and Mapped. Other dimension lookups pass through unchanged.
This is used to e.g. save a netcdf file to GeoTiff.
source
',4))]),i("details",Z,[i("summary",null,[s[60]||(s[60]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.coverage!-Tuple{Union{typeof(sum), typeof(union)}, AbstractRaster, Any}",href:"#Rasters.coverage!-Tuple{Union{typeof(sum), typeof(union)}, AbstractRaster, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.coverage!")],-1)),s[61]||(s[61]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[62]||(s[62]=t('
julia
coverage!(A, geom; [mode, scale])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
source
',8))]),i("details",$,[i("summary",null,[s[63]||(s[63]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.coverage-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.coverage-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.coverage")],-1)),s[64]||(s[64]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[65]||(s[65]=t(`
julia
coverage(mode, geom; [to, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
+coverage(geom; [to, mode, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
source
`,8))]),i("details",Q,[i("summary",null,[s[66]||(s[66]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.crop",href:"#Rasters.crop"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.crop")],-1)),s[67]||(s[67]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[68]||(s[68]=t(`
julia
crop(x; to, touches=false, [geometrycolumn])
 crop(xs...; to)
Crop one or multiple AbstractRaster or AbstractRasterStack x to match the size of the object to, or smallest of any dimensions that are shared.
crop is lazy, using a view into the object rather than allocating new memory.
Keywords
  • to: the object to crop to. This can be a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified. If no to keyword is passed, the smallest shared area of all xs is used.
  • touches: true or false. Whether to use Touches wraper on the object extent. When lines need to be included in e.g. zonal statistics, true should be used.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
As crop is lazy, filename and suffix keywords are not used.
Example
Crop to another raster:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 evenness = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :evenness)
 rnge = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :range)
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/argentina_crop_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',15))]),i("details",ss,[i("summary",null,[s[69]||(s[69]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.disaggregate",href:"#Rasters.disaggregate"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.disaggregate")],-1)),s[70]||(s[70]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[71]||(s[71]=t('
julia
disaggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, keys)
Disaggregate array, or all arrays in a stack or series, by some scale.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or a Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',8))]),i("details",is,[i("summary",null,[s[72]||(s[72]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.disaggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}",href:"#Rasters.disaggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.disaggregate!")],-1)),s[73]||(s[73]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[74]||(s[74]=t('
julia
disaggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, filename, scale)
Disaggregate array src to array dst by some scale, using method.
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',5))]),i("details",es,[i("summary",null,[s[75]||(s[75]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.extend",href:"#Rasters.extend"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.extend")],-1)),s[76]||(s[76]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[77]||(s[77]=t(`
julia
extend(xs...; [to])
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',15))]),i("details",ss,[i("summary",null,[s[69]||(s[69]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.disaggregate",href:"#Rasters.disaggregate"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.disaggregate")],-1)),s[70]||(s[70]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[71]||(s[71]=t('
julia
disaggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, keys)
Disaggregate array, or all arrays in a stack or series, by some scale.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or a Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',8))]),i("details",is,[i("summary",null,[s[72]||(s[72]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.disaggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}",href:"#Rasters.disaggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.disaggregate!")],-1)),s[73]||(s[73]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[74]||(s[74]=t('
julia
disaggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, filename, scale)
Disaggregate array src to array dst by some scale, using method.
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',5))]),i("details",es,[i("summary",null,[s[75]||(s[75]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.extend",href:"#Rasters.extend"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.extend")],-1)),s[76]||(s[76]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[77]||(s[77]=t(`
julia
extend(xs...; [to])
 extend(xs; [to])
 extend(x::Union{AbstractRaster,AbstractRasterStack}; to, kw...)
Extend one or multiple AbstractRaster to match the area covered by all xs, or by the keyword argument to.
Keywords
  • to: the Raster or dims to extend to. If no to keyword is passed, the largest shared area of all xs is used.
  • touches: true or false. Whether to use Touches wrapper on the object extent. When lines need to be included in e.g. zonal statistics, true shoudle be used.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 evenness = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :evenness)
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/extend_example.png")
 nothing
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',8))]),i("details",as,[i("summary",null,[s[78]||(s[78]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.extract",href:"#Rasters.extract"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.extract")],-1)),s[79]||(s[79]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[80]||(s[80]=t(`
julia
extract(x, data; kw...)
Extracts the value of Raster or RasterStack at given points, returning an iterable of NamedTuple with properties for :geometry and raster or stack layer values.
Note that if objects have more dimensions than the length of the point tuples, sliced arrays or stacks will be returned instead of single values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack to extract values from.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometry: include :geometry in returned NamedTuple, true by default.
  • index: include :index of the CartesianIndex in returned NamedTuple, false by default.
  • name: a Symbol or Tuple of Symbol corresponding to layer/s of a RasterStack to extract. All layers by default.
  • skipmissing: skip missing points automatically.
  • atol: a tolerance for floating point lookup values for when the Lookup contains Points. atol is ignored for Intervals.
– geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
Here we extract points matching the occurrence of the Mountain Pygmy Possum, Burramis parvus. This could be used to fit a species distribution model.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, GBIF2, CSV
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',8))]),i("details",as,[i("summary",null,[s[78]||(s[78]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.extract",href:"#Rasters.extract"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.extract")],-1)),s[79]||(s[79]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[80]||(s[80]=t(`
julia
extract(x, data; kw...)
Extracts the value of Raster or RasterStack at given points, returning an iterable of NamedTuple with properties for :geometry and raster or stack layer values.
Note that if objects have more dimensions than the length of the point tuples, sliced arrays or stacks will be returned instead of single values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack to extract values from.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometry: include :geometry in returned NamedTuple, true by default.
  • index: include :index of the CartesianIndex in returned NamedTuple, false by default.
  • name: a Symbol or Tuple of Symbol corresponding to layer/s of a RasterStack to extract. All layers by default.
  • skipmissing: skip missing points automatically.
  • atol: a tolerance for floating point lookup values for when the Lookup contains Points. atol is ignored for Intervals.
– geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
Here we extract points matching the occurrence of the Mountain Pygmy Possum, Burramis parvus. This could be used to fit a species distribution model.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, GBIF2, CSV
 
 # Get a stack of BioClim layers, and replace missing values with \`missing\`
 st = RasterStack(WorldClim{BioClim}, (1, 3, 5, 7, 12)) |> replace_missing
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
  (geometry = (0.03, 39.97), bio1 = 17.076923f0, bio3 = 39.7983f0, bio5 = 29.638462f0, bio7 = 24.153847f0, bio12 = 441.0f0)
  (geometry = (0.03, 39.97), bio1 = 17.076923f0, bio3 = 39.7983f0, bio5 = 29.638462f0, bio7 = 24.153847f0, bio12 = 441.0f0)
  (geometry = (0.52, 40.37), bio1 = missing, bio3 = missing, bio5 = missing, bio7 = missing, bio12 = missing)
- (geometry = (0.32, 40.24), bio1 = 16.321388f0, bio3 = 41.659454f0, bio5 = 30.029825f0, bio7 = 25.544561f0, bio12 = 480.0f0)
Note: passing in arrays, geometry collections or feature collections containing a mix of points and other geometries has undefined results.
source
`,13))]),i("details",ts,[i("summary",null,[s[81]||(s[81]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedbounds",href:"#Rasters.mappedbounds"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedbounds")],-1)),s[82]||(s[82]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[83]||(s[83]=t('
julia
mappedbounds(x)
Get the bounds converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular bounds.
source
',4))]),i("details",ns,[i("summary",null,[s[84]||(s[84]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedcrs",href:"#Rasters.mappedcrs"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedcrs")],-1)),s[85]||(s[85]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[86]||(s[86]=t('
julia
mappedcrs(x)
Get the mapped coordinate reference system for the Y/X dims of an array.
In Projected lookup this is used to convert Selector values form the mappedcrs defined projection to the underlying projection, and to show plot axes in the mapped projection.
In Mapped lookup this is the coordinate reference system of the index values. See setmappedcrs to set it manually.
source
',5))]),i("details",ls,[i("summary",null,[s[87]||(s[87]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedindex",href:"#Rasters.mappedindex"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedindex")],-1)),s[88]||(s[88]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[89]||(s[89]=t('
julia
mappedindex(x)
Get the index value of a dimension converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular dim value.
source
',4))]),i("details",ps,[i("summary",null,[s[90]||(s[90]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mask!",href:"#Rasters.mask!"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mask!")],-1)),s[91]||(s[91]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[92]||(s[92]=t(`
julia
mask!(x; with, missingval=missingval(A))
Mask A by the missing values of with, or by all values outside with if it is a polygon.
If with is a polygon, creates a new array where points falling outside the polygon have been replaced by missingval(A).
Return a new array with values of A masked by the missing values of with, or by a polygon.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack.
Keywords
  • with: another AbstractRaster, a AbstractVector of Tuple points, or any GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry. The coordinate reference system of the point must match crs(A).
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: the missing value to write to A in masked areas, by default missingval(A).
Example
Mask an unmasked AWAP layer with a masked WorldClim layer, by first resampling the mask to match the size and projection.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
+ (geometry = (0.32, 40.24), bio1 = 16.321388f0, bio3 = 41.659454f0, bio5 = 30.029825f0, bio7 = 25.544561f0, bio12 = 480.0f0)
Note: passing in arrays, geometry collections or feature collections containing a mix of points and other geometries has undefined results.
source
`,13))]),i("details",ts,[i("summary",null,[s[81]||(s[81]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedbounds",href:"#Rasters.mappedbounds"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedbounds")],-1)),s[82]||(s[82]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[83]||(s[83]=t('
julia
mappedbounds(x)
Get the bounds converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular bounds.
source
',4))]),i("details",ns,[i("summary",null,[s[84]||(s[84]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedcrs",href:"#Rasters.mappedcrs"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedcrs")],-1)),s[85]||(s[85]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[86]||(s[86]=t('
julia
mappedcrs(x)
Get the mapped coordinate reference system for the Y/X dims of an array.
In Projected lookup this is used to convert Selector values form the mappedcrs defined projection to the underlying projection, and to show plot axes in the mapped projection.
In Mapped lookup this is the coordinate reference system of the index values. See setmappedcrs to set it manually.
source
',5))]),i("details",ls,[i("summary",null,[s[87]||(s[87]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedindex",href:"#Rasters.mappedindex"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedindex")],-1)),s[88]||(s[88]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[89]||(s[89]=t('
julia
mappedindex(x)
Get the index value of a dimension converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular dim value.
source
',4))]),i("details",ps,[i("summary",null,[s[90]||(s[90]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mask!",href:"#Rasters.mask!"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mask!")],-1)),s[91]||(s[91]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[92]||(s[92]=t(`
julia
mask!(x; with, missingval=missingval(A))
Mask A by the missing values of with, or by all values outside with if it is a polygon.
If with is a polygon, creates a new array where points falling outside the polygon have been replaced by missingval(A).
Return a new array with values of A masked by the missing values of with, or by a polygon.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack.
Keywords
  • with: another AbstractRaster, a AbstractVector of Tuple points, or any GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry. The coordinate reference system of the point must match crs(A).
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: the missing value to write to A in masked areas, by default missingval(A).
Example
Mask an unmasked AWAP layer with a masked WorldClim layer, by first resampling the mask to match the size and projection.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 
 # Load and plot the file
 awap = read(RasterStack(AWAP, (:tmin, :tmax); date=DateTime(2001, 1, 1)))
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(a, "build/mask_bang_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/mask_bang_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before mask!:
After mask!:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,15))]),i("details",os,[i("summary",null,[s[93]||(s[93]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mask-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.mask-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mask")],-1)),s[94]||(s[94]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[95]||(s[95]=t(`
julia
mask(A:AbstractRaster; with, missingval=missingval(A))
+# output
Before mask!:
After mask!:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,15))]),i("details",os,[i("summary",null,[s[93]||(s[93]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mask-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.mask-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mask")],-1)),s[94]||(s[94]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[95]||(s[95]=t(`
julia
mask(A:AbstractRaster; with, missingval=missingval(A))
 mask(x; with)
Return a new array with values of A masked by the missing values of with, or by the shape of with, if with is a geometric object.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack
Keywords
  • with: an AbstractRaster, or any GeoInterface.jl compatible objects or table. The coordinate reference system of the point must match crs(A).
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: the missing value to use in the returned file.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Geometry keywords
These can be used when with is a GeoInterface.jl compatible object:
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
Mask an unmasked AWAP layer with a masked WorldClim layer, by first resampling the mask.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 
 # Load and plot the file
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig(a, "build/mask_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/mask_example_after.png"); nothing
-# output
Before mask:
After mask:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,16))]),i("details",rs,[i("summary",null,[s[96]||(s[96]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.missingmask-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.missingmask-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.missingmask")],-1)),s[97]||(s[97]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[98]||(s[98]=t(`
julia
missingmask(obj::Raster; kw...)
+# output
Before mask:
After mask:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,16))]),i("details",rs,[i("summary",null,[s[96]||(s[96]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.missingmask-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.missingmask-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.missingmask")],-1)),s[97]||(s[97]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[98]||(s[98]=t(`
julia
missingmask(obj::Raster; kw...)
 missingmask(obj; [to, res, size, collapse])
 missingmask(obj::RasterStack; alllayers = true, kw...)
Create a mask array of missing and true values, from another Raster. AbstractRasterStack or AbstractRasterSeries are also accepted-
For AbstractRaster the default missingval is missingval(A), but others can be chosen manually.
The array returned from calling missingmask on a AbstractRaster is a Raster with the same size and fields as the original array.
Arguments
  • obj: a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • alllayers: if true a mask is taken for all layers, otherwise only the first layer is used. Defaults to true
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 wc = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/missingmask_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',13))]),i("details",hs,[i("summary",null,[s[99]||(s[99]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.missingval",href:"#Rasters.missingval"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.missingval")],-1)),s[100]||(s[100]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[101]||(s[101]=t('
julia
missingval(x)
Returns the value representing missing data in the dataset
source
',3))]),i("details",ds,[i("summary",null,[s[102]||(s[102]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mosaic!-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}",href:"#Rasters.mosaic!-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mosaic!")],-1)),s[103]||(s[103]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[104]||(s[104]=t(`
julia
mosaic!(f, x, regions...; missingval, atol)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',13))]),i("details",hs,[i("summary",null,[s[99]||(s[99]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.missingval",href:"#Rasters.missingval"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.missingval")],-1)),s[100]||(s[100]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[101]||(s[101]=t('
julia
missingval(x)
Returns the value representing missing data in the dataset
source
',3))]),i("details",ds,[i("summary",null,[s[102]||(s[102]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mosaic!-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}",href:"#Rasters.mosaic!-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mosaic!")],-1)),s[103]||(s[103]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[104]||(s[104]=t(`
julia
mosaic!(f, x, regions...; missingval, atol)
 mosaic!(f, x, regions::Tuple; missingval, atol)
Combine regions in x using the function f.
Arguments
  • f a function (e.g. mean, sum, first or last) that is applied to values where regions overlap.
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack. May be a an opened disk-based Raster, the result will be written to disk. With the current algorithm, the read speed is slow.
  • regions: source objects to be joined. These should be memory-backed (use read first), or may experience poor performance. If all objects have the same extent, mosaic is simply a merge.
Keywords
  • missingval: Fills empty areas, and defualts to the \`missingval/ of the first layer.
  • atol: Absolute tolerance for comparison between index values. This is often required due to minor differences in range values due to floating point error. It is not applied to non-float dimensions. A tuple of tolerances may be passed, matching the dimension order.
Example
Cut out Australia and Africa stacks, then combined them into a single stack.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Statistics, Plots
 st = read(RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month=1))
 aus = st[X=100.0 .. 160.0, Y=-50.0 .. -10.0]
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 plot(st)
 savefig("build/mosaic_bang_example.png")
 nothing
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',12))]),i("details",ks,[i("summary",null,[s[105]||(s[105]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mosaic-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}",href:"#Rasters.mosaic-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mosaic")],-1)),s[106]||(s[106]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[107]||(s[107]=t(`
julia
mosaic(f, regions...; missingval, atol)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',12))]),i("details",ks,[i("summary",null,[s[105]||(s[105]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mosaic-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}",href:"#Rasters.mosaic-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mosaic")],-1)),s[106]||(s[106]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[107]||(s[107]=t(`
julia
mosaic(f, regions...; missingval, atol)
 mosaic(f, regions; missingval, atol)
Combine regions into a single raster.
Arguments
  • f: A reducing function (mean, sum, first, last etc.) for values where regions overlap.
  • regions: Iterable or splatted Raster or RasterStack.
Keywords
  • missingval: Fills empty areas, and defualts to the missingval of the first region.
  • atol: Absolute tolerance for comparison between index values. This is often required due to minor differences in range values due to floating point error. It is not applied to non-float dimensions. A tuple of tolerances may be passed, matching the dimension order.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
If your mosaic has has apparent line errors, increase the atol value.
Example
Here we cut out Australia and Africa from a stack, and join them with mosaic.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 st = RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month=1);
 
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(b, "build/mosaic_example_aus.png")
 savefig(c, "build/mosaic_example_combined.png")
 nothing
-# output
Individual continents
Mosaic of continents
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',17))]),i("details",cs,[i("summary",null,[s[108]||(s[108]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.points-Tuple{AbstractRaster}",href:"#Rasters.points-Tuple{AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.points")],-1)),s[109]||(s[109]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[110]||(s[110]=t('
julia
points(A::AbstractRaster; dims=(YDim, XDim), ignore_missing) => Array{Tuple}
Returns a generator of the points in A for dimensions in dims, where points are a tuple of the values in each specified dimension index.
Keywords
  • dims the dimensions to return points from. The first slice of other layers will be used.
  • ignore_missing: wether to ignore missing values in the array when considering points. If true, all points in the dimensions will be returned, if false only the points that are not === missingval(A) will be returned.
The order of dims determines the order of the points.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',7))]),i("details",gs,[i("summary",null,[s[111]||(s[111]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rasterize",href:"#Rasters.rasterize"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rasterize")],-1)),s[112]||(s[112]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[113]||(s[113]=t(`
julia
rasterize([reducer], data; geometrycolumn, kw...)
Rasterize a GeoInterface.jl compatable geometry or feature, or a Tables.jl table with a :geometry column of GeoInterface.jl objects, or points columns specified by geometrycolumn
Arguments
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from data where possible.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Note on threading. Performance may be much better with threaded=false if reducer/op are not threadsafe. sum, prod, maximum, minimum count and mean (by combining sum and count) are threadsafe. If you know your algorithm is threadsafe, use threadsafe=true to allow all optimisations. Functions passed to fill are always threadsafe, and ignore the threadsafe argument.
Example
Rasterize a shapefile for China and plot, with a border.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, Downloads
+# output
Individual continents
Mosaic of continents
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',17))]),i("details",cs,[i("summary",null,[s[108]||(s[108]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.points-Tuple{AbstractRaster}",href:"#Rasters.points-Tuple{AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.points")],-1)),s[109]||(s[109]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[110]||(s[110]=t('
julia
points(A::AbstractRaster; dims=(YDim, XDim), ignore_missing) => Array{Tuple}
Returns a generator of the points in A for dimensions in dims, where points are a tuple of the values in each specified dimension index.
Keywords
  • dims the dimensions to return points from. The first slice of other layers will be used.
  • ignore_missing: wether to ignore missing values in the array when considering points. If true, all points in the dimensions will be returned, if false only the points that are not === missingval(A) will be returned.
The order of dims determines the order of the points.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',7))]),i("details",gs,[i("summary",null,[s[111]||(s[111]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rasterize",href:"#Rasters.rasterize"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rasterize")],-1)),s[112]||(s[112]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[113]||(s[113]=t(`
julia
rasterize([reducer], data; geometrycolumn, kw...)
Rasterize a GeoInterface.jl compatable geometry or feature, or a Tables.jl table with a :geometry column of GeoInterface.jl objects, or points columns specified by geometrycolumn
Arguments
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from data where possible.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Note on threading. Performance may be much better with threaded=false if reducer/op are not threadsafe. sum, prod, maximum, minimum count and mean (by combining sum and count) are threadsafe. If you know your algorithm is threadsafe, use threadsafe=true to allow all optimisations. Functions passed to fill are always threadsafe, and ignore the threadsafe argument.
Example
Rasterize a shapefile for China and plot, with a border.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, Downloads
 using Rasters.Lookups
 
 # Download a borders shapefile
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/china_rasterized.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',14))]),i("details",ys,[i("summary",null,[s[114]||(s[114]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rasterize!",href:"#Rasters.rasterize!"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rasterize!")],-1)),s[115]||(s[115]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[116]||(s[116]=t(`
julia
rasterize!([reducer], dest, data; kw...)
Rasterize the geometries in data into the Raster or RasterStack dest, using the values specified by fill.
Arguments
  • dest: a Raster or RasterStack to rasterize into.
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from A and data where possible.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, GeoInterface, Downloads
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',14))]),i("details",ys,[i("summary",null,[s[114]||(s[114]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rasterize!",href:"#Rasters.rasterize!"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rasterize!")],-1)),s[115]||(s[115]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[116]||(s[116]=t(`
julia
rasterize!([reducer], dest, data; kw...)
Rasterize the geometries in data into the Raster or RasterStack dest, using the values specified by fill.
Arguments
  • dest: a Raster or RasterStack to rasterize into.
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from A and data where possible.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, GeoInterface, Downloads
 using Rasters.Lookups
 
 # Download a borders shapefile
@@ -284,12 +284,12 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/indonesia_rasterized.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',12))]),i("details",Es,[i("summary",null,[s[117]||(s[117]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.replace_missing-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.replace_missing-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.replace_missing")],-1)),s[118]||(s[118]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[119]||(s[119]=t(`
julia
replace_missing(a::AbstractRaster, newmissingval)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',12))]),i("details",Es,[i("summary",null,[s[117]||(s[117]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.replace_missing-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.replace_missing-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.replace_missing")],-1)),s[118]||(s[118]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[119]||(s[119]=t(`
julia
replace_missing(a::AbstractRaster, newmissingval)
 replace_missing(a::AbstractRasterStack, newmissingval)
Replace missing values in the array or stack with a new missing value, also updating the missingval field/s.
Keywords
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1) |> replace_missing
 missingval(A)
 # output
-missing
source
`,7))]),i("details",us,[i("summary",null,[s[120]||(s[120]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.reproject-NTuple{4, Any}",href:"#Rasters.reproject-NTuple{4, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.reproject")],-1)),s[121]||(s[121]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[122]||(s[122]=t('
julia
reproject(source::GeoFormat, target::GeoFormat, dim::Dimension, val)
reproject uses Proj.jl's Transformation interface, but implemented for reprojecting a lookup / axis array, a single dimension at a time.
source
',3))]),i("details",ms,[i("summary",null,[s[123]||(s[123]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.reproject-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.reproject-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.reproject")],-1)),s[124]||(s[124]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[125]||(s[125]=t('
julia
reproject(obj; crs)
Reproject the lookups (axes) of obj to a different crs.
This is a lossless operation for the raster data, as only the lookup values change. This is only possible when the axes of source and destination projections are aligned: the change is usually from a Regular and an Irregular lookup spans.
For converting between projections that are rotated, skewed or warped in any way, or if you want to re-sample the data, use resample.
Dimensions without an AbstractProjected lookup (such as a Ti dimension) are silently returned without modification.
Arguments
  • obj: a Lookup, Dimension, Tuple of Dimension, Raster or RasterStack.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
source
',8))]),i("details",bs,[i("summary",null,[s[126]||(s[126]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.resample-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.resample-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.resample")],-1)),s[127]||(s[127]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[128]||(s[128]=t(`
julia
resample(x; kw...)
+missing
source
`,7))]),i("details",us,[i("summary",null,[s[120]||(s[120]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.reproject-NTuple{4, Any}",href:"#Rasters.reproject-NTuple{4, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.reproject")],-1)),s[121]||(s[121]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[122]||(s[122]=t('
julia
reproject(source::GeoFormat, target::GeoFormat, dim::Dimension, val)
reproject uses Proj.jl's Transformation interface, but implemented for reprojecting a lookup / axis array, a single dimension at a time.
source
',3))]),i("details",ms,[i("summary",null,[s[123]||(s[123]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.reproject-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.reproject-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.reproject")],-1)),s[124]||(s[124]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[125]||(s[125]=t('
julia
reproject(obj; crs)
Reproject the lookups (axes) of obj to a different crs.
This is a lossless operation for the raster data, as only the lookup values change. This is only possible when the axes of source and destination projections are aligned: the change is usually from a Regular and an Irregular lookup spans.
For converting between projections that are rotated, skewed or warped in any way, or if you want to re-sample the data, use resample.
Dimensions without an AbstractProjected lookup (such as a Ti dimension) are silently returned without modification.
Arguments
  • obj: a Lookup, Dimension, Tuple of Dimension, Raster or RasterStack.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
source
',8))]),i("details",bs,[i("summary",null,[s[126]||(s[126]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.resample-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.resample-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.resample")],-1)),s[127]||(s[127]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[128]||(s[128]=t(`
julia
resample(x; kw...)
 resample(xs...; to=first(xs), kw...)
resample uses warp (which uses GDALs gdalwarp) to resample a Raster or RasterStack to a new resolution and optionally new crs, or to snap to the bounds, resolution and crs of the object to.
Dimensions without an AbstractProjected lookup (such as a Ti dimension) are iteratively resampled with GDAL and joined back into a single array.
If projections can be converted for each axis independently, it may be faster and more accurate to use reproject.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method available.
Arguments
  • x: the object/s to resample.
Keywords
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from x,
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • method: A Symbol or String specifying the method to use for resampling. From the docs for gdalwarp:
    • :near: nearest neighbour resampling (default, fastest algorithm, worst interpolation quality).
    • :bilinear: bilinear resampling.
    • :cubic: cubic resampling.
    • :cubicspline: cubic spline resampling.
    • :lanczos: Lanczos windowed sinc resampling.
    • :average: average resampling, computes the weighted average of all non-NODATA contributing pixels. rms root mean square / quadratic mean of all non-NODATA contributing pixels (GDAL >= 3.3)
    • :mode: mode resampling, selects the value which appears most often of all the sampled points.
    • :max: maximum resampling, selects the maximum value from all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :min: minimum resampling, selects the minimum value from all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :med: median resampling, selects the median value of all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :q1: first quartile resampling, selects the first quartile value of all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :q3: third quartile resampling, selects the third quartile value of all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :sum: compute the weighted sum of all non-NODATA contributing pixels (since GDAL 3.1)
    Where NODATA values are set to missingval.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Note:
  • GDAL may cause some unexpected changes in the raster, such as changing the crs type from EPSG to WellKnownText (it will represent the same CRS).
Example
Resample a WorldClim layer to match an EarthEnv layer:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
 B = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :evenness)
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(a, "build/resample_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/resample_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before resample:
After resample:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',20))]),i("details",Fs,[i("summary",null,[s[129]||(s[129]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.setcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.setcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.setcrs")],-1)),s[130]||(s[130]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[131]||(s[131]=t('
julia
setcrs(x, crs)
Set the crs of a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
',3))]),i("details",fs,[i("summary",null,[s[132]||(s[132]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.setmappedcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.setmappedcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.setmappedcrs")],-1)),s[133]||(s[133]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[134]||(s[134]=t('
julia
setmappedcrs(x, crs)
Set the mapped crs of a Raster, a RasterStack, a Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
',3))]),i("details",Cs,[i("summary",null,[s[135]||(s[135]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.slice-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.slice-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.slice")],-1)),s[136]||(s[136]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[137]||(s[137]=t('
julia
slice(A::Union{AbstractRaster,AbstractRasterStack,AbstracRasterSeries}, dims) => RasterSeries
Slice views along some dimension/s to obtain a RasterSeries of the slices.
For a Raster or RasterStack this will return a RasterSeries of Raster or RasterStack that are slices along the specified dimensions.
For a RasterSeries, the output is another series where the child objects are sliced and the series dimensions index is now of the child dimensions combined. slice on a RasterSeries with no dimensions will slice along the dimensions shared by both the series and child object.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',6))]),i("details",As,[i("summary",null,[s[138]||(s[138]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.trim-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Rasters.trim-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.trim")],-1)),s[139]||(s[139]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[140]||(s[140]=t(`
julia
trim(x; dims::Tuple, pad::Int)
Trim missingval(x) from x for axes in dims, returning a view of x.
Arguments
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack. For stacks, all layers must having missing values for a pixel for it to be trimmed.
Keywords
  • dims: By default dims=(XDim, YDim), so that trimming keeps the area of X and Y that contains non-missing values along all other dimensions.
  • pad: The trimmed size will be padded by pad on all sides, although padding will not be added beyond the original extent of the array.
As trim is lazy, filename and suffix keywords are not used.
Example
Create trimmed layers of Australian habitat heterogeneity.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
+# output
Before resample:
After resample:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',20))]),i("details",Fs,[i("summary",null,[s[129]||(s[129]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.setcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.setcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.setcrs")],-1)),s[130]||(s[130]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[131]||(s[131]=t('
julia
setcrs(x, crs)
Set the crs of a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
',3))]),i("details",fs,[i("summary",null,[s[132]||(s[132]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.setmappedcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.setmappedcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.setmappedcrs")],-1)),s[133]||(s[133]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[134]||(s[134]=t('
julia
setmappedcrs(x, crs)
Set the mapped crs of a Raster, a RasterStack, a Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
',3))]),i("details",Cs,[i("summary",null,[s[135]||(s[135]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.slice-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.slice-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.slice")],-1)),s[136]||(s[136]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[137]||(s[137]=t('
julia
slice(A::Union{AbstractRaster,AbstractRasterStack,AbstracRasterSeries}, dims) => RasterSeries
Slice views along some dimension/s to obtain a RasterSeries of the slices.
For a Raster or RasterStack this will return a RasterSeries of Raster or RasterStack that are slices along the specified dimensions.
For a RasterSeries, the output is another series where the child objects are sliced and the series dimensions index is now of the child dimensions combined. slice on a RasterSeries with no dimensions will slice along the dimensions shared by both the series and child object.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',6))]),i("details",As,[i("summary",null,[s[138]||(s[138]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.trim-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Rasters.trim-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.trim")],-1)),s[139]||(s[139]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[140]||(s[140]=t(`
julia
trim(x; dims::Tuple, pad::Int)
Trim missingval(x) from x for axes in dims, returning a view of x.
Arguments
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack. For stacks, all layers must having missing values for a pixel for it to be trimmed.
Keywords
  • dims: By default dims=(XDim, YDim), so that trimming keeps the area of X and Y that contains non-missing values along all other dimensions.
  • pad: The trimmed size will be padded by pad on all sides, although padding will not be added beyond the original extent of the array.
As trim is lazy, filename and suffix keywords are not used.
Example
Create trimmed layers of Australian habitat heterogeneity.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 layers = (:evenness, :range, :contrast, :correlation)
 st = RasterStack(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, layers)
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(a, "build/trim_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/trim_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before trim:
After trim:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',16))]),i("details",Rs,[i("summary",null,[s[141]||(s[141]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.warp-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.warp-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.warp")],-1)),s[142]||(s[142]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[143]||(s[143]=t(`
julia
warp(A::AbstractRaster, flags::Dict; kw...)
Gives access to the GDALs gdalwarp method given a Dict of flag => value arguments that can be converted to strings, or vectors where multiple space-separated arguments are required.
Arrays with additional dimensions not handled by GDAL (other than X, Y, Band) are sliced, warped, and then combined to match the original array dimensions. These slices will not be written to disk and loaded lazily at this stage - you will need to do that manually if required.
See the gdalwarp docs for a list of arguments.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method available.
Keywords
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Any additional keywords are passed to ArchGDAL.Dataset.
Example
This simply resamples the array with the :tr (output file resolution) and :r flags, giving us a pixelated version:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
+# output
Before trim:
After trim:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',16))]),i("details",Rs,[i("summary",null,[s[141]||(s[141]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.warp-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.warp-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.warp")],-1)),s[142]||(s[142]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[143]||(s[143]=t(`
julia
warp(A::AbstractRaster, flags::Dict; kw...)
Gives access to the GDALs gdalwarp method given a Dict of flag => value arguments that can be converted to strings, or vectors where multiple space-separated arguments are required.
Arrays with additional dimensions not handled by GDAL (other than X, Y, Band) are sliced, warped, and then combined to match the original array dimensions. These slices will not be written to disk and loaded lazily at this stage - you will need to do that manually if required.
See the gdalwarp docs for a list of arguments.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method available.
Keywords
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Any additional keywords are passed to ArchGDAL.Dataset.
Example
This simply resamples the array with the :tr (output file resolution) and :r flags, giving us a pixelated version:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
 a = plot(A)
 
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(a, "build/warp_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/warp_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before warp:
After warp:
In practise, prefer resample for this. But warp may be more flexible.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',18))]),i("details",vs,[i("summary",null,[s[144]||(s[144]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.zonal-Tuple{Any, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Rasters.zonal-Tuple{Any, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.zonal")],-1)),s[145]||(s[145]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[146]||(s[146]=t(`
julia
zonal(f, x::Union{Raster,RasterStack}; of, kw...)
Calculate zonal statistics for the the zone of a Raster or RasterStack covered by the of object/s.
Arguments
  • f: any function that reduces an iterable to a single value, such as sum or Statistics.mean
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack
  • of: A DimTuple, Extent, a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
These can be used when of is or contains (a) GeoInterface.jl compatible object(s):
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the line :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • skipmissing: wether to apply f to the result of skipmissing(A) or not. If true f will be passed an iterator over the values, which loses all spatial information. if false f will be passes a masked Raster or RasterStack, and will be responsible for handling missing values itself. The default value is true.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Shapefile, DataFrames, Downloads, Statistics, Dates
+# output
Before warp:
After warp:
In practise, prefer resample for this. But warp may be more flexible.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',18))]),i("details",vs,[i("summary",null,[s[144]||(s[144]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.zonal-Tuple{Any, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Rasters.zonal-Tuple{Any, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.zonal")],-1)),s[145]||(s[145]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[146]||(s[146]=t(`
julia
zonal(f, x::Union{Raster,RasterStack}; of, kw...)
Calculate zonal statistics for the the zone of a Raster or RasterStack covered by the of object/s.
Arguments
  • f: any function that reduces an iterable to a single value, such as sum or Statistics.mean
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack
  • of: A DimTuple, Extent, a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
These can be used when of is or contains (a) GeoInterface.jl compatible object(s):
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the line :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • skipmissing: wether to apply f to the result of skipmissing(A) or not. If true f will be passed an iterator over the values, which loses all spatial information. if false f will be passes a masked Raster or RasterStack, and will be responsible for handling missing values itself. The default value is true.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Shapefile, DataFrames, Downloads, Statistics, Dates
 
 # Download a borders shapefile
 ne_url = "https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/raw/master/10m_cultural/ne_10m_admin_0_countries"
@@ -370,17 +370,17 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
  256 │ Bajo Nuevo Bank               NaN        NaN        NaN        NaN      ⋯
  257 │ Serranilla Bank               NaN        NaN        NaN        NaN
  258 │ Scarborough Reef              NaN        NaN        NaN        NaN
-                                                  3 columns and 243 rows omitted
source
`,11))]),s[193]||(s[193]=i("h2",{id:"Reference-Internal-functions",tabindex:"-1"},[e("Reference - Internal functions "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Reference-Internal-functions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Reference - Internal functions {#Reference-Internal-functions}"'},"​")],-1)),i("details",Ds,[i("summary",null,[s[147]||(s[147]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractProjected",href:"#Rasters.AbstractProjected"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractProjected")],-1)),s[148]||(s[148]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[149]||(s[149]=t('
julia
AbstractProjected <: AbstractSampled
Abstract supertype for projected index lookups.
source
',3))]),i("details",js,[i("summary",null,[s[150]||(s[150]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.FileArray",href:"#Rasters.FileArray"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.FileArray")],-1)),s[151]||(s[151]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[152]||(s[152]=t('
julia
FileArray{S} <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
Filearray is a DiskArrays.jl AbstractDiskArray. Instead of holding an open object, it just holds a filename string that is opened lazily when it needs to be read.
source
',3))]),i("details",Bs,[i("summary",null,[s[153]||(s[153]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.FileStack",href:"#Rasters.FileStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.FileStack")],-1)),s[154]||(s[154]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[155]||(s[155]=t(`
julia
FileStack{S,Na}
+                                                  3 columns and 243 rows omitted
source
`,11))]),s[193]||(s[193]=i("h2",{id:"Reference-Internal-functions",tabindex:"-1"},[e("Reference - Internal functions "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Reference-Internal-functions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Reference - Internal functions {#Reference-Internal-functions}"'},"​")],-1)),i("details",Ds,[i("summary",null,[s[147]||(s[147]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractProjected",href:"#Rasters.AbstractProjected"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractProjected")],-1)),s[148]||(s[148]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[149]||(s[149]=t('
julia
AbstractProjected <: AbstractSampled
Abstract supertype for projected index lookups.
source
',3))]),i("details",js,[i("summary",null,[s[150]||(s[150]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.FileArray",href:"#Rasters.FileArray"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.FileArray")],-1)),s[151]||(s[151]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[152]||(s[152]=t('
julia
FileArray{S} <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
Filearray is a DiskArrays.jl AbstractDiskArray. Instead of holding an open object, it just holds a filename string that is opened lazily when it needs to be read.
source
',3))]),i("details",Bs,[i("summary",null,[s[153]||(s[153]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.FileStack",href:"#Rasters.FileStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.FileStack")],-1)),s[154]||(s[154]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[155]||(s[155]=t(`
julia
FileStack{S,Na}
 
-FileStack{S,Na}(filename, types, sizes, eachchunk, haschunks, write)
A wrapper object that holds file pointer and size/chunking metadata for a multi-layered stack stored in a single file, typically netcdf or hdf5.
S is a backend type like NCDsource, and Na is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
`,4))]),i("details",ws,[i("summary",null,[s[156]||(s[156]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.OpenStack",href:"#Rasters.OpenStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.OpenStack")],-1)),s[157]||(s[157]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[158]||(s[158]=t(`
julia
OpenStack{X,K}
+FileStack{S,Na}(filename, types, sizes, eachchunk, haschunks, write)
A wrapper object that holds file pointer and size/chunking metadata for a multi-layered stack stored in a single file, typically netcdf or hdf5.
S is a backend type like NCDsource, and Na is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
`,4))]),i("details",ws,[i("summary",null,[s[156]||(s[156]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.OpenStack",href:"#Rasters.OpenStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.OpenStack")],-1)),s[157]||(s[157]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[158]||(s[158]=t(`
julia
OpenStack{X,K}
 
-OpenStack{X,K}(dataset)
A wrapper for any stack-like opened dataset that can be indexed with Symbol keys to retrieve AbstractArray layers.
OpenStack is usually hidden from users, wrapped in a regular RasterStack passed as the function argument in open(stack) when the stack is contained in a single file.
X is a backend type like NCDsource, and K is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
`,5))]),i("details",xs,[i("summary",null,[s[159]||(s[159]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterDiskArray",href:"#Rasters.RasterDiskArray"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterDiskArray")],-1)),s[160]||(s[160]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[161]||(s[161]=t('
julia
RasterDiskArray <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
A basic DiskArrays.jl wrapper for objects that don't have one defined yet. When we open a FileArray it is replaced with a RasterDiskArray.
source
',3))]),i("details",Ts,[i("summary",null,[s[162]||(s[162]=i("a",{id:"Base.open-Tuple{Function, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.open-Tuple{Function, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.open")],-1)),s[163]||(s[163]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[164]||(s[164]=t(`
julia
open(f, A::AbstractRaster; write=false)
open is used to open any lazy=true AbstractRaster and do multiple operations on it in a safe way. The write keyword opens the file in write lookup so that it can be altered on disk using e.g. a broadcast.
f is a method that accepts a single argument - an Raster object which is just an AbstractRaster that holds an open disk-based object. Often it will be a do block:
lazy=false (in-memory) rasters will ignore open and pass themselves to f.
julia
# A is an \`Raster\` wrapping the opened disk-based object.
+OpenStack{X,K}(dataset)
A wrapper for any stack-like opened dataset that can be indexed with Symbol keys to retrieve AbstractArray layers.
OpenStack is usually hidden from users, wrapped in a regular RasterStack passed as the function argument in open(stack) when the stack is contained in a single file.
X is a backend type like NCDsource, and K is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
`,5))]),i("details",xs,[i("summary",null,[s[159]||(s[159]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterDiskArray",href:"#Rasters.RasterDiskArray"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterDiskArray")],-1)),s[160]||(s[160]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[161]||(s[161]=t('
julia
RasterDiskArray <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
A basic DiskArrays.jl wrapper for objects that don't have one defined yet. When we open a FileArray it is replaced with a RasterDiskArray.
source
',3))]),i("details",Ts,[i("summary",null,[s[162]||(s[162]=i("a",{id:"Base.open-Tuple{Function, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.open-Tuple{Function, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.open")],-1)),s[163]||(s[163]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[164]||(s[164]=t(`
julia
open(f, A::AbstractRaster; write=false)
open is used to open any lazy=true AbstractRaster and do multiple operations on it in a safe way. The write keyword opens the file in write lookup so that it can be altered on disk using e.g. a broadcast.
f is a method that accepts a single argument - an Raster object which is just an AbstractRaster that holds an open disk-based object. Often it will be a do block:
lazy=false (in-memory) rasters will ignore open and pass themselves to f.
julia
# A is an \`Raster\` wrapping the opened disk-based object.
 open(Raster(filepath); write=true) do A
     mask!(A; with=maskfile)
     A[I...] .*= 2
     # ...  other things you need to do with the open file
-end
By using a do block to open files we ensure they are always closed again after we finish working with them.
source
`,7))]),i("details",Ss,[i("summary",null,[s[165]||(s[165]=i("a",{id:"Base.read!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, AbstractArray}",href:"#Base.read!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, AbstractArray}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.read!")],-1)),s[166]||(s[166]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[167]||(s[167]=t(`
julia
read!(src::Union{AbstractString,AbstractRaster}, dst::AbstractRaster)
+end
By using a do block to open files we ensure they are always closed again after we finish working with them.
source
`,7))]),i("details",Ss,[i("summary",null,[s[165]||(s[165]=i("a",{id:"Base.read!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, AbstractArray}",href:"#Base.read!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, AbstractArray}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.read!")],-1)),s[166]||(s[166]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[167]||(s[167]=t(`
julia
read!(src::Union{AbstractString,AbstractRaster}, dst::AbstractRaster)
 read!(src::Union{AbstractString,AbstractRasterStack}, dst::AbstractRasterStack)
-read!(scr::AbstractRasterSeries, dst::AbstractRasterSeries)
read! will copy the data from src to the object dst.
src can be an object or a file-path String.
source
`,4))]),i("details",qs,[i("summary",null,[s[168]||(s[168]=i("a",{id:"Base.read-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Base.read-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.read")],-1)),s[169]||(s[169]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[170]||(s[170]=t(`
julia
read(A::AbstractRaster)
+read!(scr::AbstractRasterSeries, dst::AbstractRasterSeries)
read! will copy the data from src to the object dst.
src can be an object or a file-path String.
source
`,4))]),i("details",qs,[i("summary",null,[s[168]||(s[168]=i("a",{id:"Base.read-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Base.read-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.read")],-1)),s[169]||(s[169]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[170]||(s[170]=t(`
julia
read(A::AbstractRaster)
 read(A::AbstractRasterStack)
-read(A::AbstractRasterSeries)
read will move a Rasters.jl object completely to memory.
Keywords
  • checkmemory: If true (the default), check if there is enough memory for the operation. false will ignore memory needs.
source
`,5))]),i("details",Ls,[i("summary",null,[s[171]||(s[171]=i("a",{id:"Base.skipmissing-Tuple{Raster}",href:"#Base.skipmissing-Tuple{Raster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.skipmissing")],-1)),s[172]||(s[172]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[173]||(s[173]=t('
julia
skipmissing(itr::Raster)
Returns an iterable over the elements in a Raster object, skipping any values equal to either the missingval or missing.
source
',3))]),i("details",Is,[i("summary",null,[s[174]||(s[174]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[175]||(s[175]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[176]||(s[176]=t('
julia
Base.write(filepath::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterSeries; kw...)
Write any AbstractRasterSeries to multiple files, guessing the backend from the file extension.
The lookup values of the series will be appended to the filepath (before the extension), separated by underscores.
All keywords are passed through to these Raster and RasterStack methods.
Keywords
  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.
  • ext: filename extension such as ".tiff" or ".nc". Used to specify specific files if only a directory path is used.
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen. For series with RasterStack child objects, this may be a NamedTuple, one for each layer.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
source
',7))]),i("details",zs,[i("summary",null,[s[177]||(s[177]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterStack}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterStack}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[178]||(s[178]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[179]||(s[179]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterStack; kw...)
Write any AbstractRasterStack to one or multiple files, depending on the backend. Backend is guessed from the filename extension or forced with the source keyword.
If the source can't be saved as a stack-like object, individual array layers will be saved.
Keywords
  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.
  • ext: filename extension such as ".tiff" or ".nc". Used to specify specific files if only a directory path is used.
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen. For RasterStack this may be a NamedTuple, one for each layer.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.
NetCDF keywords
GDAL Keywords
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • driver: A GDAL driver name String or a GDAL driver retrieved via ArchGDAL.getdriver(drivername). By default driver is guessed from the filename extension.
  • options::Dict{String,String}: A dictionary containing the dataset creation options passed to the driver. For example: Dict("COMPRESS" => "DEFLATE").
Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html
Source comments
R grd/grid files
Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.
GDAL (tiff, and everything else)
Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.
source
',17))]),i("details",Ps,[i("summary",null,[s[180]||(s[180]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[181]||(s[181]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[182]||(s[182]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, A::AbstractRaster; [source], kw...)
Write an AbstractRaster to file, guessing the backend from the file extension or using the source keyword.
Keywords
  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.
NetCDF keywords
GDAL Keywords
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • driver: A GDAL driver name String or a GDAL driver retrieved via ArchGDAL.getdriver(drivername). By default driver is guessed from the filename extension.
  • options::Dict{String,String}: A dictionary containing the dataset creation options passed to the driver. For example: Dict("COMPRESS" => "DEFLATE").
Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html
Source comments
R grd/grid files
Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.
GDAL (tiff, and everything else)
Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.
Returns filename.
source
',17))]),i("details",Gs,[i("summary",null,[s[183]||(s[183]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{String, Rasters.GRDsource, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{String, Rasters.GRDsource, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[184]||(s[184]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[185]||(s[185]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, ::Type{GRDsource}, s::AbstractRaster; kw...)
Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file.
This method is called automatically if you write a Raster with a .grd or .gri extension.
Keywords
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
If this method is called directly the extension of filename will be ignored.
Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.
source
',8))]),i("details",Ns,[i("summary",null,[s[186]||(s[186]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.checkmem!-Tuple{Bool}",href:"#Rasters.checkmem!-Tuple{Bool}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.checkmem!")],-1)),s[187]||(s[187]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[188]||(s[188]=t('
julia
checkmem!(x::Bool)
Set checkmem to true or false.
In some architectures memory reporting may be wrong and you may wish to disable memory checks.
This setting can be overridden with the checkmem keyword, where applicable.
source
',5))]),i("details",Os,[i("summary",null,[s[189]||(s[189]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rplot-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.rplot-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rplot")],-1)),s[190]||(s[190]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[191]||(s[191]=t('
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)
raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.
Keywords
  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.
  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.
  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.
  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.
  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().
  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.
  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.
  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.
  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.
  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.
  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.
source
',5))])])}const Hs=l(x,[["render",Ms]]);export{Ys as __pageData,Hs as default};
+read(A::AbstractRasterSeries)

read will move a Rasters.jl object completely to memory.

Keywords

source

`,5))]),i("details",Ls,[i("summary",null,[s[171]||(s[171]=i("a",{id:"Base.skipmissing-Tuple{Raster}",href:"#Base.skipmissing-Tuple{Raster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.skipmissing")],-1)),s[172]||(s[172]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[173]||(s[173]=t('
julia
skipmissing(itr::Raster)

Returns an iterable over the elements in a Raster object, skipping any values equal to either the missingval or missing.

source

',3))]),i("details",Is,[i("summary",null,[s[174]||(s[174]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[175]||(s[175]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[176]||(s[176]=t('
julia
Base.write(filepath::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterSeries; kw...)

Write any AbstractRasterSeries to multiple files, guessing the backend from the file extension.

The lookup values of the series will be appended to the filepath (before the extension), separated by underscores.

All keywords are passed through to these Raster and RasterStack methods.

Keywords

source

',7))]),i("details",zs,[i("summary",null,[s[177]||(s[177]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterStack}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterStack}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[178]||(s[178]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[179]||(s[179]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterStack; kw...)

Write any AbstractRasterStack to one or multiple files, depending on the backend. Backend is guessed from the filename extension or forced with the source keyword.

If the source can't be saved as a stack-like object, individual array layers will be saved.

Keywords

Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.

NetCDF keywords

GDAL Keywords

Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html

Source comments

R grd/grid files

Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.

GDAL (tiff, and everything else)

Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.

source

',17))]),i("details",Ps,[i("summary",null,[s[180]||(s[180]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[181]||(s[181]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[182]||(s[182]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, A::AbstractRaster; [source], kw...)

Write an AbstractRaster to file, guessing the backend from the file extension or using the source keyword.

Keywords

Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.

NetCDF keywords

GDAL Keywords

Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html

Source comments

R grd/grid files

Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.

GDAL (tiff, and everything else)

Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.

Returns filename.

source

',17))]),i("details",Gs,[i("summary",null,[s[183]||(s[183]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{String, Rasters.GRDsource, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{String, Rasters.GRDsource, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[184]||(s[184]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[185]||(s[185]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, ::Type{GRDsource}, s::AbstractRaster; kw...)

Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file.

This method is called automatically if you write a Raster with a .grd or .gri extension.

Keywords

If this method is called directly the extension of filename will be ignored.

Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.

source

',8))]),i("details",Ns,[i("summary",null,[s[186]||(s[186]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.checkmem!-Tuple{Bool}",href:"#Rasters.checkmem!-Tuple{Bool}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.checkmem!")],-1)),s[187]||(s[187]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[188]||(s[188]=t('
julia
checkmem!(x::Bool)

Set checkmem to true or false.

In some architectures memory reporting may be wrong and you may wish to disable memory checks.

This setting can be overridden with the checkmem keyword, where applicable.

source

',5))]),i("details",Os,[i("summary",null,[s[189]||(s[189]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rplot-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.rplot-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rplot")],-1)),s[190]||(s[190]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[191]||(s[191]=t('
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)

raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.

Keywords

source

',5))])])}const Hs=l(x,[["render",Ms]]);export{Ys as __pageData,Hs as default}; diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/api.md.CT61Ntce.lean.js b/previews/PR800/assets/api.md.B3FoRFRA.lean.js similarity index 97% rename from previews/PR800/assets/api.md.CT61Ntce.lean.js rename to previews/PR800/assets/api.md.B3FoRFRA.lean.js index dbeca3f3..bcd76fa5 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/assets/api.md.CT61Ntce.lean.js +++ b/previews/PR800/assets/api.md.B3FoRFRA.lean.js @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ -import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const h="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/aggregate_example.vPDkaGne.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/boolmask_example.B6nOyO_A.png",k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/classify_example.CA_6ItEA.png",c="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/classify_bang_example.Ch0DZvbI.png",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/nz_crop_example.CeBIxUDy.png",y="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/argentina_crop_example.DlKBBk5m.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/extend_example.DNJ4wwKN.png",u="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/boolmask_example.B6nOyO_A.png",m="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_bang_example.ptHNiUCT.png",b="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_example_africa.Dpr9JnNl.png",F="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_example_aus.3EfcKnQU.png",f="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_example_combined.XY5Q_nfP.png",C="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/china_rasterized.kM95Jnlf.png",A="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/indonesia_rasterized.CAASrLmh.png",R="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/warp_example_before.DrW8As6m.png",v="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/resample_example_after.C_gavhhT.png",D="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/trim_example_before.B583SoP8.png",j="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/trim_example_after.CsDpPakV.png",B="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/warp_example_before.DrW8As6m.png",w="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/warp_example_after.rgHHAHxc.png",Ys=JSON.parse('{"title":"","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"api.md","filePath":"api.md","lastUpdated":null}'),x={name:"api.md"},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},S={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},L={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},I={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},z={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},P={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},G={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},N={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},O={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},M={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},_={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},U={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},W={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},K={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},V={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},X={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},H={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},J={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Z={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},$={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ss={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},is={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},es={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},as={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ts={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ns={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ls={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ps={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},os={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},rs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},hs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ds={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ks={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},cs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},gs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ys={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Es={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},us={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ms={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},bs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Fs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},fs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Cs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},As={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Rs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},vs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ds={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},js={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Bs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ws={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},xs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ts={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ss={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},qs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ls={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Is={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},zs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ps={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Gs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ns={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Os={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function Ms(_s,s,Us,Ws,Ks,Vs){const a=o("Badge");return r(),p("div",null,[s[192]||(s[192]=t('

Index ​

Reference - Exported functions ​

',3)),i("details",T,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Rasters",href:"#Rasters.Rasters"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Rasters")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlModule",text:"Module"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=i("p",null,[i("a",{href:"https://github.com/rafaqz/Rasters.jl/blob/672d88bb8d5b789f6979754e2208f7a272b46e56/src/Rasters.jl#L4",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"source")],-1))]),i("details",S,[i("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRaster",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRaster"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRaster")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=t('
julia
AbstractRaster <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimArray

Abstract supertype for objects that wrap an array (or location of an array) and metadata about its contents. It may be memory or hold a FileArray, which holds the filename, and is only opened when required.

AbstractRasters inherit from AbstractDimArray from DimensionalData.jl. They can be indexed as regular Julia arrays or with DimensionalData.jl Dimensions. They will plot as a heatmap in Plots.jl with correct coordinates and labels, even after slicing with getindex or view. getindex on a AbstractRaster will always return a memory-backed Raster.

source

',4))]),i("details",q,[i("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=t('
julia
AbstractRasterSeries <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimensionalArray

Abstract supertype for high-level DimensionalArray that hold RasterStacks, Rasters, or the paths they can be loaded from. RasterSeries are indexed with dimensions as with a AbstractRaster. This is useful when you have multiple files containing rasters or stacks of rasters spread over dimensions like time and elevation.

As much as possible, implementations should facilitate loading entire directories and detecting the dimensions from metadata.

This allows syntax like below for a series of stacks of arrays:

julia
RasterSeries[Time(Near(DateTime(2001, 1))][:temp][Y(Between(70, 150)), X(Between(-20,20))] |> plot`

RasterSeries is the concrete implementation.

source

',7))]),i("details",L,[i("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRasterStack",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRasterStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRasterStack")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=t('
julia
AbstractRasterStack

Abstract supertype for objects that hold multiple AbstractRasters that share spatial dimensions.

They are NamedTuple-like structures that may either contain NamedTuple of AbstractRasters, string paths that will load AbstractRasters, or a single path that points to a file containing multiple layers, like NetCDF or HDF5. Use and syntax is similar or identical for all cases.

AbstractRasterStack can hold layers that share some or all of their dimensions. They cannot have the same dimension with different length or spatial extent as another layer.

getindex on an AbstractRasterStack generally returns a memory backed standard Raster. raster[:somelayer] |> plot plots the layers array, while raster[:somelayer, X(1:100), Band(2)] |> plot will plot the subset without loading the whole array.

getindex on an AbstractRasterStack with a key returns another stack with getindex applied to all the arrays in the stack.

source

',7))]),i("details",I,[i("summary",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Band",href:"#Rasters.Band"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Band")],-1)),s[13]||(s[13]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[14]||(s[14]=t(`
julia
Band <: Dimension
+import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const h="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/aggregate_example.vPDkaGne.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/boolmask_example.B6nOyO_A.png",k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/classify_example.CA_6ItEA.png",c="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/classify_bang_example.Ch0DZvbI.png",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/nz_crop_example.CeBIxUDy.png",y="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/argentina_crop_example.DlKBBk5m.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/extend_example.DNJ4wwKN.png",u="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/boolmask_example.B6nOyO_A.png",m="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_bang_example.ptHNiUCT.png",b="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_example_africa.Dpr9JnNl.png",F="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_example_aus.3EfcKnQU.png",f="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mosaic_example_combined.XY5Q_nfP.png",C="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/china_rasterized.kM95Jnlf.png",A="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/indonesia_rasterized.CAASrLmh.png",R="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/warp_example_before.DrW8As6m.png",v="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/resample_example_after.C_gavhhT.png",D="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/trim_example_before.B583SoP8.png",j="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/trim_example_after.CsDpPakV.png",B="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/warp_example_before.DrW8As6m.png",w="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/warp_example_after.rgHHAHxc.png",Ys=JSON.parse('{"title":"","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"api.md","filePath":"api.md","lastUpdated":null}'),x={name:"api.md"},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},S={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},L={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},I={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},z={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},P={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},G={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},N={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},O={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},M={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},_={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},U={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},W={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},K={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},V={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},X={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},H={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},J={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Z={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},$={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ss={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},is={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},es={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},as={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ts={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ns={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ls={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ps={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},os={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},rs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},hs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ds={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ks={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},cs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},gs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ys={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Es={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},us={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ms={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},bs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Fs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},fs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Cs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},As={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Rs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},vs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ds={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},js={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Bs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},ws={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},xs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ts={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ss={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},qs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ls={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Is={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},zs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ps={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Gs={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Ns={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Os={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function Ms(_s,s,Us,Ws,Ks,Vs){const a=o("Badge");return r(),p("div",null,[s[192]||(s[192]=t('
Index ​
Reference - Exported functions ​
',3)),i("details",T,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Rasters",href:"#Rasters.Rasters"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Rasters")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlModule",text:"Module"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=i("p",null,[i("a",{href:"https://github.com/rafaqz/Rasters.jl/blob/b3c3587fcb848f8d88fae337a6c7e0804c081eb3/src/Rasters.jl#L4",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"source")],-1))]),i("details",S,[i("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRaster",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRaster"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRaster")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=t('
julia
AbstractRaster <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimArray
Abstract supertype for objects that wrap an array (or location of an array) and metadata about its contents. It may be memory or hold a FileArray, which holds the filename, and is only opened when required.
AbstractRasters inherit from AbstractDimArray from DimensionalData.jl. They can be indexed as regular Julia arrays or with DimensionalData.jl Dimensions. They will plot as a heatmap in Plots.jl with correct coordinates and labels, even after slicing with getindex or view. getindex on a AbstractRaster will always return a memory-backed Raster.
source
',4))]),i("details",q,[i("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRasterSeries")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=t('
julia
AbstractRasterSeries <: DimensionalData.AbstractDimensionalArray
Abstract supertype for high-level DimensionalArray that hold RasterStacks, Rasters, or the paths they can be loaded from. RasterSeries are indexed with dimensions as with a AbstractRaster. This is useful when you have multiple files containing rasters or stacks of rasters spread over dimensions like time and elevation.
As much as possible, implementations should facilitate loading entire directories and detecting the dimensions from metadata.
This allows syntax like below for a series of stacks of arrays:
julia
RasterSeries[Time(Near(DateTime(2001, 1))][:temp][Y(Between(70, 150)), X(Between(-20,20))] |> plot`
RasterSeries is the concrete implementation.
source
',7))]),i("details",L,[i("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractRasterStack",href:"#Rasters.AbstractRasterStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractRasterStack")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=t('
julia
AbstractRasterStack
Abstract supertype for objects that hold multiple AbstractRasters that share spatial dimensions.
They are NamedTuple-like structures that may either contain NamedTuple of AbstractRasters, string paths that will load AbstractRasters, or a single path that points to a file containing multiple layers, like NetCDF or HDF5. Use and syntax is similar or identical for all cases.
AbstractRasterStack can hold layers that share some or all of their dimensions. They cannot have the same dimension with different length or spatial extent as another layer.
getindex on an AbstractRasterStack generally returns a memory backed standard Raster. raster[:somelayer] |> plot plots the layers array, while raster[:somelayer, X(1:100), Band(2)] |> plot will plot the subset without loading the whole array.
getindex on an AbstractRasterStack with a key returns another stack with getindex applied to all the arrays in the stack.
source
',7))]),i("details",I,[i("summary",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Band",href:"#Rasters.Band"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Band")],-1)),s[13]||(s[13]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[14]||(s[14]=t(`
julia
Band <: Dimension
 
 Band(val=:)
Band Dimension for multi-band rasters.
Example:
julia
banddim = Band(10:10:100)
 # Or
 val = A[Band(1)]
 # Or
-mean(A; dims=Band)
source
`,5))]),i("details",z,[i("summary",null,[s[15]||(s[15]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Mapped",href:"#Rasters.Mapped"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Mapped")],-1)),s[16]||(s[16]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[17]||(s[17]=t(`
julia
Mapped <: AbstractProjected
+mean(A; dims=Band)
source
`,5))]),i("details",z,[i("summary",null,[s[15]||(s[15]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Mapped",href:"#Rasters.Mapped"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Mapped")],-1)),s[16]||(s[16]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[17]||(s[17]=t(`
julia
Mapped <: AbstractProjected
 
 Mapped(order, span, sampling, crs, mappedcrs)
-Mapped(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs=nothing, mappedcrs)
An AbstractSampled Lookup, where the dimension index has been mapped to another projection, usually lat/lon or EPSG(4326). Mapped matches the dimension format commonly used in netcdf files.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
The mapped dimension index will be used as for Sampled, but to save in another format the underlying crs may be used to convert it.
source
`,5))]),i("details",P,[i("summary",null,[s[18]||(s[18]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Projected",href:"#Rasters.Projected"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Projected")],-1)),s[19]||(s[19]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[20]||(s[20]=t(`
julia
Projected <: AbstractProjected
+Mapped(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs=nothing, mappedcrs)
An AbstractSampled Lookup, where the dimension index has been mapped to another projection, usually lat/lon or EPSG(4326). Mapped matches the dimension format commonly used in netcdf files.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
The mapped dimension index will be used as for Sampled, but to save in another format the underlying crs may be used to convert it.
source
`,5))]),i("details",P,[i("summary",null,[s[18]||(s[18]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Projected",href:"#Rasters.Projected"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Projected")],-1)),s[19]||(s[19]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[20]||(s[20]=t(`
julia
Projected <: AbstractProjected
 
 Projected(order, span, sampling, crs, mappedcrs)
-Projected(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs, mappedcrs=nothing)
An AbstractSampled Lookup with projections attached.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
If both crs and mappedcrs fields contain CRS data (in a GeoFormat wrapper from GeoFormatTypes.jl) the selector inputs and plot axes will be converted from and to the specified mappedcrs projection automatically. A common use case would be to pass mappedcrs=EPSG(4326) to the constructor when loading eg. a GDALarray:
julia
GDALarray(filename; mappedcrs=EPSG(4326))
The underlying crs will be detected by GDAL.
If mappedcrs is not supplied (ie. mappedcrs=nothing), the base index will be shown on plots, and selectors will need to use whatever format it is in.
source
`,8))]),i("details",G,[i("summary",null,[s[21]||(s[21]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Raster",href:"#Rasters.Raster"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Raster")],-1)),s[22]||(s[22]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[23]||(s[23]=t(`
julia
Raster <: AbstractRaster
+Projected(; order=AutoOrder(), span=AutoSpan(), sampling=AutoSampling(), crs, mappedcrs=nothing)
An AbstractSampled Lookup with projections attached.
Fields and behaviours are identical to Sampled with the addition of crs and mappedcrs fields.
If both crs and mappedcrs fields contain CRS data (in a GeoFormat wrapper from GeoFormatTypes.jl) the selector inputs and plot axes will be converted from and to the specified mappedcrs projection automatically. A common use case would be to pass mappedcrs=EPSG(4326) to the constructor when loading eg. a GDALarray:
julia
GDALarray(filename; mappedcrs=EPSG(4326))
The underlying crs will be detected by GDAL.
If mappedcrs is not supplied (ie. mappedcrs=nothing), the base index will be shown on plots, and selectors will need to use whatever format it is in.
source
`,8))]),i("details",G,[i("summary",null,[s[21]||(s[21]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.Raster",href:"#Rasters.Raster"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.Raster")],-1)),s[22]||(s[22]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[23]||(s[23]=t(`
julia
Raster <: AbstractRaster
 
 Raster(filepath::String; kw...)
 Raster(A::AbstractDimArray; kw...)
-Raster(A::AbstractArray, dims; kw...)
A generic AbstractRaster for spatial/raster array data. It can hold either memory-backed arrays or, if lazy=true, a FileArray, which stores the String path to an unopened file.
If lazy=true, the file will only be opened lazily when it is indexed with getindex or when read(A) is called. Broadcasting, taking a view, reversing, and most other methods will not load data from disk; they will be applied later, lazily.
Arguments
  • dims: Tuple of Dimensions needed when an AbstractArray is used.
Keywords
  • name: a Symbol name for the array, which will also retrieve the, alphabetically first, named layer if Raster is used on a multi-layered file like a NetCDF. If instead RasterStack is used to read the multi-layered file, by default, all variables will be added to the stack.
  • group: the group in the dataset where name can be found. Only needed for nested datasets. A String or Symbol will select a single group. Pairs can also used to access groups at any nested depth, i.e group=:group1 => :group2 => :group3.
  • missingval: value reprsenting missing data, normally detected from the file. Set manually when you know the value is not specified or is incorrect. This will not change any values in the raster, it simply assigns which value is treated as missing. To replace all of the missing values in the raster, use replace_missing.
  • metadata: Dict or Metadata object for the array, or NoMetadata().
  • crs: the coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. Only set this if you know the detected crs is incorrect, or it is not present in the file. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat object, like EPSG(4326).
  • mappedcrs: the mapped coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. for Mapped lookups these are the actual values of the index. For Projected lookups this can be used to index in eg. EPSG(4326) lat/lon values, having it converted automatically. Only set this if the detected mappedcrs in incorrect, or the file does not have a mappedcrs, e.g. a tiff. The mappedcrs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat type.
  • refdims: Tuple of position Dimensions the array was sliced from, defaulting to (). Usually not needed.
When a filepath String is used:
  • dropband: drop single band dimensions when creating stacks from filenames. true by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • replace_missing: replace missingval with missing. This is done lazily if lazy=true. Note that currently for NetCDF and GRIB files replace_missing is always true. In future replace_missing=false will also work for these data sources.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • write: defines the default write keyword value when calling open on the Raster. false by default. Only makes sense to use when lazy=true.
When A is an AbstractDimArray:
  • data: can replace the data in an existing AbstractRaster
source
`,12))]),i("details",N,[i("summary",null,[s[24]||(s[24]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterSeries",href:"#Rasters.RasterSeries"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterSeries")],-1)),s[25]||(s[25]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[26]||(s[26]=t(`
julia
RasterSeries <: AbstractRasterSeries
+Raster(A::AbstractArray, dims; kw...)
A generic AbstractRaster for spatial/raster array data. It can hold either memory-backed arrays or, if lazy=true, a FileArray, which stores the String path to an unopened file.
If lazy=true, the file will only be opened lazily when it is indexed with getindex or when read(A) is called. Broadcasting, taking a view, reversing, and most other methods will not load data from disk; they will be applied later, lazily.
Arguments
  • dims: Tuple of Dimensions needed when an AbstractArray is used.
Keywords
  • name: a Symbol name for the array, which will also retrieve the, alphabetically first, named layer if Raster is used on a multi-layered file like a NetCDF. If instead RasterStack is used to read the multi-layered file, by default, all variables will be added to the stack.
  • group: the group in the dataset where name can be found. Only needed for nested datasets. A String or Symbol will select a single group. Pairs can also used to access groups at any nested depth, i.e group=:group1 => :group2 => :group3.
  • missingval: value reprsenting missing data, normally detected from the file. Set manually when you know the value is not specified or is incorrect. This will not change any values in the raster, it simply assigns which value is treated as missing. To replace all of the missing values in the raster, use replace_missing.
  • metadata: Dict or Metadata object for the array, or NoMetadata().
  • crs: the coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. Only set this if you know the detected crs is incorrect, or it is not present in the file. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat object, like EPSG(4326).
  • mappedcrs: the mapped coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. for Mapped lookups these are the actual values of the index. For Projected lookups this can be used to index in eg. EPSG(4326) lat/lon values, having it converted automatically. Only set this if the detected mappedcrs in incorrect, or the file does not have a mappedcrs, e.g. a tiff. The mappedcrs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat type.
  • refdims: Tuple of position Dimensions the array was sliced from, defaulting to (). Usually not needed.
When a filepath String is used:
  • dropband: drop single band dimensions when creating stacks from filenames. true by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • replace_missing: replace missingval with missing. This is done lazily if lazy=true. Note that currently for NetCDF and GRIB files replace_missing is always true. In future replace_missing=false will also work for these data sources.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • write: defines the default write keyword value when calling open on the Raster. false by default. Only makes sense to use when lazy=true.
When A is an AbstractDimArray:
  • data: can replace the data in an existing AbstractRaster
source
`,12))]),i("details",N,[i("summary",null,[s[24]||(s[24]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterSeries",href:"#Rasters.RasterSeries"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterSeries")],-1)),s[25]||(s[25]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[26]||(s[26]=t(`
julia
RasterSeries <: AbstractRasterSeries
 
 RasterSeries(rasters::AbstractArray{<:AbstractRaster}, dims; [refdims])
 RasterSeries(stacks::AbstractArray{<:AbstractRasterStack}, dims; [refdims]) 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 2-element RasterSeries{Raster,1} with dimensions: 
   Ti Sampled{DateTime} DateTime[DateTime("2001-01-01T00:00:00"), DateTime("2002-01-01T00:00:00")] ForwardOrdered Irregular Points
The DateTime suffix is parsed from the filenames. Using Ti(Int) would try to parse integers instead.
Just using the directory will also work, unless there are other files mixed in it:
julia
julia> ser = RasterSeries("series_dir", Ti(DateTime))
 2-element RasterSeries{Raster,1} with dimensions: 
-  Ti Sampled{DateTime} DateTime[DateTime("2001-01-01T00:00:00"), DateTime("2002-01-01T00:00:00")] ForwardOrdered Irregular Points
Arguments
  • dims: series dimension/s.
Keywords
When loading a series from a Vector of String paths or a single String path:
  • child: constructor of child objects for use when filenames are passed in, can be Raster or RasterStack. Defaults to Raster.
  • duplicate_first::Bool: wether to duplicate the dimensions and metadata of the first file with all other files. This can save load time with a large series where dimensions are identical. false by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • kw: keywords passed to the child constructor Raster or RasterStack.
When loading a series from a single String path:
  • separator: separator used to split lookup elements from the rest of a filename. '_' by default.
Others:
  • refdims: existing reference dimension/s, normally not required.
source
`,22))]),i("details",O,[i("summary",null,[s[27]||(s[27]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterStack",href:"#Rasters.RasterStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterStack")],-1)),s[28]||(s[28]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[29]||(s[29]=t(`
julia
RasterStack <: AbstrackRasterStack
+  Ti Sampled{DateTime} DateTime[DateTime("2001-01-01T00:00:00"), DateTime("2002-01-01T00:00:00")] ForwardOrdered Irregular Points
Arguments
  • dims: series dimension/s.
Keywords
When loading a series from a Vector of String paths or a single String path:
  • child: constructor of child objects for use when filenames are passed in, can be Raster or RasterStack. Defaults to Raster.
  • duplicate_first::Bool: wether to duplicate the dimensions and metadata of the first file with all other files. This can save load time with a large series where dimensions are identical. false by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • kw: keywords passed to the child constructor Raster or RasterStack.
When loading a series from a single String path:
  • separator: separator used to split lookup elements from the rest of a filename. '_' by default.
Others:
  • refdims: existing reference dimension/s, normally not required.
source
`,22))]),i("details",O,[i("summary",null,[s[27]||(s[27]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterStack",href:"#Rasters.RasterStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterStack")],-1)),s[28]||(s[28]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[29]||(s[29]=t(`
julia
RasterStack <: AbstrackRasterStack
 
 RasterStack(data...; name, kw...)
 RasterStack(data::Union{Vector,Tuple}; name, kw...)
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 RasterStack(data::Raster; layersfrom=Band, kw...)
 RasterStack(filepath::AbstractString; kw...)
Load a file path or a NamedTuple of paths as a RasterStack, or convert arguments, a Vector or NamedTuple of Rasters to RasterStack.
Arguments
  • data: A NamedTuple of Rasters or String, or a Vector, Tuple or splatted arguments of Raster. The latter options must pass a name keyword argument.
  • filepath: A file (such as netcdf or tif) to be loaded as a stack, or a directory path containing multiple files.
Keywords
  • name: Used as stack layer names when a Tuple, Vector or splat of Raster is passed in. Has no effect when NameTuple is used - the NamedTuple keys are the layer names.
  • group: the group in the dataset where name can be found. Only needed for nested datasets. A String or Symbol will select a single group. Pairs can also used to access groups at any nested depth, i.e group=:group1 => :group2 => :group3.
  • metadata: A Dict or DimensionalData.Metadata object.
  • missingval: a single value for all layers or a NamedTuple of missingval for each layer. nothing specifies no missing value.
  • crs: the coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. Only set this if you know the detected crs is incorrect, or it is not present in the file. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat object, like EPSG(4326).
  • mappedcrs: the mapped coordinate reference system of the objects XDim/YDim dimensions. for Mapped lookups these are the actual values of the index. For Projected lookups this can be used to index in eg. EPSG(4326) lat/lon values, having it converted automatically. Only set this if the detected mappedcrs in incorrect, or the file does not have a mappedcrs, e.g. a tiff. The mappedcrs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed mode GeoFormat type.
  • refdims: Tuple of Dimension that the stack was sliced from.
For when one or multiple filepaths are used:
  • dropband: drop single band dimensions when creating stacks from filenames. true by default.
  • lazy: A Bool specifying if to load data lazily from disk. false by default.
  • replace_missing: replace missingval with missing. This is done lazily if lazy=true. Note that currently for NetCDF and GRIB files replace_missing is always true. In future replace_missing=false will also work for these data sources.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
For when a single Raster is used:
  • layersfrom: Dimension to source stack layers from if the file is not already multi-layered. nothing is default, so that a single RasterStack(raster) is a single layered stack. RasterStack(raster; layersfrom=Band) will use the bands as layers.
julia
files = (temp="temp.tif", pressure="pressure.tif", relhum="relhum.tif")
 stack = RasterStack(files; mappedcrs=EPSG(4326))
-stack[:relhum][Lat(Contains(-37), Lon(Contains(144))
source
`,12))]),i("details",M,[i("summary",null,[s[30]||(s[30]=i("a",{id:"DimensionalData.modify-Tuple{Any, AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#DimensionalData.modify-Tuple{Any, AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"DimensionalData.modify")],-1)),s[31]||(s[31]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[32]||(s[32]=t('
julia
modify(f, series::AbstractRasterSeries)
Apply function f to the data of the child object. If the child is an AbstractRasterStack the function will be passed on to its child AbstractRasters.
f must return an identically sized array.
This method triggers a complete rebuild of all objects, and disk based objects will be transferred to memory.
An example of the usefulnesss of this is for swapping out array backend for an entire series to CuArray from CUDA.jl to copy data to a GPU.
source
',6))]),i("details",_,[i("summary",null,[s[33]||(s[33]=i("a",{id:"GeoInterface.crs-Tuple{Union{Tuple{Dimension, Vararg{Dimension}}, AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#GeoInterface.crs-Tuple{Union{Tuple{Dimension, Vararg{Dimension}}, AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"GeoInterface.crs")],-1)),s[34]||(s[34]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[35]||(s[35]=t('
julia
crs(x::Raster)
Get the projected coordinate reference system of a Y or X Dimension, or of the Y/X dims of an AbstractRaster.
For Mapped lookup this may be nothing as there may be no projected coordinate reference system at all. See setcrs to set it manually.
source
',4))]),i("details",U,[i("summary",null,[s[36]||(s[36]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.aggregate",href:"#Rasters.aggregate"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.aggregate")],-1)),s[37]||(s[37]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[38]||(s[38]=t(`
julia
aggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, skipmissing)
Aggregate a Raster, or all arrays in a RasterStack or RasterSeries, by scale using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that specifies where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Statistics, Plots
+stack[:relhum][Lat(Contains(-37), Lon(Contains(144))
source
`,12))]),i("details",M,[i("summary",null,[s[30]||(s[30]=i("a",{id:"DimensionalData.modify-Tuple{Any, AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#DimensionalData.modify-Tuple{Any, AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"DimensionalData.modify")],-1)),s[31]||(s[31]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[32]||(s[32]=t('
julia
modify(f, series::AbstractRasterSeries)
Apply function f to the data of the child object. If the child is an AbstractRasterStack the function will be passed on to its child AbstractRasters.
f must return an identically sized array.
This method triggers a complete rebuild of all objects, and disk based objects will be transferred to memory.
An example of the usefulnesss of this is for swapping out array backend for an entire series to CuArray from CUDA.jl to copy data to a GPU.
source
',6))]),i("details",_,[i("summary",null,[s[33]||(s[33]=i("a",{id:"GeoInterface.crs-Tuple{Union{Tuple{Dimension, Vararg{Dimension}}, AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#GeoInterface.crs-Tuple{Union{Tuple{Dimension, Vararg{Dimension}}, AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"GeoInterface.crs")],-1)),s[34]||(s[34]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[35]||(s[35]=t('
julia
crs(x::Raster)
Get the projected coordinate reference system of a Y or X Dimension, or of the Y/X dims of an AbstractRaster.
For Mapped lookup this may be nothing as there may be no projected coordinate reference system at all. See setcrs to set it manually.
source
',4))]),i("details",U,[i("summary",null,[s[36]||(s[36]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.aggregate",href:"#Rasters.aggregate"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.aggregate")],-1)),s[37]||(s[37]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[38]||(s[38]=t(`
julia
aggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, skipmissing)
Aggregate a Raster, or all arrays in a RasterStack or RasterSeries, by scale using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that specifies where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Statistics, Plots
 import ArchGDAL
 using Rasters: Center
 st = read(RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month=1))
 ag = aggregate(Center(), st, (Y(20), X(20)); skipmissingval=true, progress=false)
 plot(ag)
 savefig("build/aggregate_example.png"); nothing
-# output
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',12))]),i("details",W,[i("summary",null,[s[39]||(s[39]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.aggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}",href:"#Rasters.aggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.aggregate!")],-1)),s[40]||(s[40]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[41]||(s[41]=t('
julia
aggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, scale; skipmissingval=false)
Aggregate array src to array dst by scale, using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
Note: currently it is much faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',9))]),i("details",K,[i("summary",null,[s[42]||(s[42]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.boolmask",href:"#Rasters.boolmask"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.boolmask")],-1)),s[43]||(s[43]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[44]||(s[44]=t(`
julia
boolmask(obj::Raster; [missingval])
+# output
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',12))]),i("details",W,[i("summary",null,[s[39]||(s[39]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.aggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}",href:"#Rasters.aggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.aggregate!")],-1)),s[40]||(s[40]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[41]||(s[41]=t('
julia
aggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, scale; skipmissingval=false)
Aggregate array src to array dst by scale, using method.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
When the aggregation scale of is larger than the array axis, the length of the axis is used.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
  • skipmissingval: if true, any missingval will be skipped during aggregation, so that only areas of all missing values will be aggregated to missingval. If false, any aggregated area containing a missingval will be assigned missingval.
Note: currently it is much faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',9))]),i("details",K,[i("summary",null,[s[42]||(s[42]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.boolmask",href:"#Rasters.boolmask"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.boolmask")],-1)),s[43]||(s[43]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[44]||(s[44]=t(`
julia
boolmask(obj::Raster; [missingval])
 boolmask(obj; [to, res, size])
 boolmask(obj::RasterStack; alllayers=true, kw...)
Create a mask array of Bool values, from another Raster. AbstractRasterStack or AbstractRasterSeries are also accepted.
The array returned from calling boolmask on a AbstractRaster is a Raster with the same dimensions as the original array and a missingval of false.
Arguments
  • a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Raster / RasterStack Keywords
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: The missing value of the source array, with default missingval(raster).
Keywords
  • alllayers: if true a mask is taken for all layers, otherwise only the first layer is used. Defaults to true
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
And specifically for shape=:polygon:
  • boundary: include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the line :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside inside the polygon. The default is :center.
For tabular data, feature collections and other iterables
  • collapse: if true, collapse all geometry masks into a single mask. Otherwise return a Raster with an additional geometry dimension, so that each slice along this axis is the mask of the geometry opbject of each row of the table, feature in the feature collection, or just each geometry in the iterable.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 wc = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/boolmask_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',18))]),i("details",V,[i("summary",null,[s[45]||(s[45]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.cellarea-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.cellarea-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.cellarea")],-1)),s[46]||(s[46]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[47]||(s[47]=t(`
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',18))]),i("details",V,[i("summary",null,[s[45]||(s[45]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.cellarea-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.cellarea-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.cellarea")],-1)),s[46]||(s[46]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[47]||(s[47]=t(`
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
 xdim = X(Projected(90.0:10.0:120; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 ydim = Y(Projected(0.0:10.0:50; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 myraster = rand(xdim, ydim)
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
   90.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  100.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  110.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
- 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,9))]),i("details",X,[i("summary",null,[s[48]||(s[48]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.classify",href:"#Rasters.classify"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.classify")],-1)),s[49]||(s[49]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[50]||(s[50]=t(`
julia
classify(x, pairs; lower=(>=), upper=(<), others=nothing)
+ 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,9))]),i("details",X,[i("summary",null,[s[48]||(s[48]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.classify",href:"#Rasters.classify"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.classify")],-1)),s[49]||(s[49]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[50]||(s[50]=t(`
julia
classify(x, pairs; lower=(>=), upper=(<), others=nothing)
 classify(x, pairs...; lower, upper, others)
Create a new array with values in x classified by the values in pairs.
pairs can hold tuples fo values (2, 3), a Fix2 function e.g. <=(1), a Tuple of Fix2 e.g. (>=(4), <(7)), or an IntervalSets.jl interval, e.g. 3..9 or OpenInterval(10, 12). pairs can also be a n * 3 matrix where each row is lower bounds, upper bounds, replacement.
If tuples or a Matrix are used, the lower and upper keywords define how the lower and upper boundaries are chosen.
If others is set other values not covered in pairs will be set to that values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack
  • pairs: each pair contains a value and a replacement, a tuple of lower and upper range and a replacement, or a Tuple of Fix2 like (>(x), <(y).
Keywords
  • lower: Which comparison (< or <=) to use for lower values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • upper: Which comparison (> or >=) to use for upper values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • others: A value to assign to all values not included in pairs. Passing nothing (the default) will leave them unchanged.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :tavg; month=1)
 classes = <=(15) => 10,
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/classify_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',14))]),i("details",Y,[i("summary",null,[s[51]||(s[51]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.classify!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, Pair, Vararg{Pair}}",href:"#Rasters.classify!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, Pair, Vararg{Pair}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.classify!")],-1)),s[52]||(s[52]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[53]||(s[53]=t(`
julia
classify!(x, pairs...; lower, upper, others)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',14))]),i("details",Y,[i("summary",null,[s[51]||(s[51]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.classify!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, Pair, Vararg{Pair}}",href:"#Rasters.classify!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, Pair, Vararg{Pair}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.classify!")],-1)),s[52]||(s[52]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[53]||(s[53]=t(`
julia
classify!(x, pairs...; lower, upper, others)
 classify!(x, pairs; lower, upper, others)
Classify the values of x in-place, by the values in pairs.
If Fix2 is not used, the lower and upper keywords
If others is set other values not covered in pairs will be set to that values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack
  • pairs: each pair contains a value and a replacement, a tuple of lower and upper range and a replacement, or a Tuple of Fix2 like (>(x), <(y).
Keywords
  • lower: Which comparison (< or <=) to use for lower values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • upper: Which comparison (> or >=) to use for upper values, if Fix2 are not used.
  • others: A value to assign to all values not included in pairs. Passing nothing (the default) will leave them unchanged.
Example
classify! to disk, with key steps:
  • copying a tempory file so we don't write over the RasterDataSources.jl version.
  • use open with write=true to open the file with disk-write permissions.
  • use Float32 like 10.0f0 for all our replacement values and other, because the file is stored as Float32. Attempting to write some other type will fail.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 # Download and copy the file
 filename = getraster(WorldClim{Climate}, :tavg; month=6)
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/classify_bang_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',15))]),i("details",H,[i("summary",null,[s[54]||(s[54]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.combine-Tuple{AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#Rasters.combine-Tuple{AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.combine")],-1)),s[55]||(s[55]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[56]||(s[56]=t('
julia
combine(A::AbstracRasterSeries; [dims], [lazy]) => Raster
Combine a RasterSeries along some dimension/s, creating a new Raster or RasterStack, depending on the contents of the series.
If dims are passed, only the specified dimensions will be combined with a RasterSeries returned, unless dims is all the dims in the series.
If lazy, concatenate lazily. The default is to concatenate lazily for lazy Rasters and eagerly otherwise.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',6))]),i("details",J,[i("summary",null,[s[57]||(s[57]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.convertlookup-Tuple{Type{<:Lookup}, AbstractDimArray}",href:"#Rasters.convertlookup-Tuple{Type{<:Lookup}, AbstractDimArray}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.convertlookup")],-1)),s[58]||(s[58]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[59]||(s[59]=t('
julia
convertlookup(dstlookup::Type{<:Lookup}, x)
Convert the dimension lookup between Projected and Mapped. Other dimension lookups pass through unchanged.
This is used to e.g. save a netcdf file to GeoTiff.
source
',4))]),i("details",Z,[i("summary",null,[s[60]||(s[60]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.coverage!-Tuple{Union{typeof(sum), typeof(union)}, AbstractRaster, Any}",href:"#Rasters.coverage!-Tuple{Union{typeof(sum), typeof(union)}, AbstractRaster, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.coverage!")],-1)),s[61]||(s[61]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[62]||(s[62]=t('
julia
coverage!(A, geom; [mode, scale])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
source
',8))]),i("details",$,[i("summary",null,[s[63]||(s[63]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.coverage-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.coverage-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.coverage")],-1)),s[64]||(s[64]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[65]||(s[65]=t(`
julia
coverage(mode, geom; [to, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
-coverage(geom; [to, mode, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
source
`,8))]),i("details",Q,[i("summary",null,[s[66]||(s[66]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.crop",href:"#Rasters.crop"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.crop")],-1)),s[67]||(s[67]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[68]||(s[68]=t(`
julia
crop(x; to, touches=false, [geometrycolumn])
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',15))]),i("details",H,[i("summary",null,[s[54]||(s[54]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.combine-Tuple{AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#Rasters.combine-Tuple{AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.combine")],-1)),s[55]||(s[55]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[56]||(s[56]=t('
julia
combine(A::AbstracRasterSeries; [dims], [lazy]) => Raster
Combine a RasterSeries along some dimension/s, creating a new Raster or RasterStack, depending on the contents of the series.
If dims are passed, only the specified dimensions will be combined with a RasterSeries returned, unless dims is all the dims in the series.
If lazy, concatenate lazily. The default is to concatenate lazily for lazy Rasters and eagerly otherwise.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',6))]),i("details",J,[i("summary",null,[s[57]||(s[57]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.convertlookup-Tuple{Type{<:Lookup}, AbstractDimArray}",href:"#Rasters.convertlookup-Tuple{Type{<:Lookup}, AbstractDimArray}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.convertlookup")],-1)),s[58]||(s[58]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[59]||(s[59]=t('
julia
convertlookup(dstlookup::Type{<:Lookup}, x)
Convert the dimension lookup between Projected and Mapped. Other dimension lookups pass through unchanged.
This is used to e.g. save a netcdf file to GeoTiff.
source
',4))]),i("details",Z,[i("summary",null,[s[60]||(s[60]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.coverage!-Tuple{Union{typeof(sum), typeof(union)}, AbstractRaster, Any}",href:"#Rasters.coverage!-Tuple{Union{typeof(sum), typeof(union)}, AbstractRaster, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.coverage!")],-1)),s[61]||(s[61]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[62]||(s[62]=t('
julia
coverage!(A, geom; [mode, scale])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
source
',8))]),i("details",$,[i("summary",null,[s[63]||(s[63]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.coverage-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.coverage-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.coverage")],-1)),s[64]||(s[64]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[65]||(s[65]=t(`
julia
coverage(mode, geom; [to, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
+coverage(geom; [to, mode, res, size, scale, verbose, progress])
Calculate the area of a raster covered by GeoInterface.jl compatible geometry geom, as a fraction.
Each pixel is assigned a grid of points (by default 10 x 10) that are each checked to be inside the geometry. The sum divided by the number of points to give coverage.
In practice, most pixel coverage is not calculated this way - shortcuts that produce the same result are taken wherever possible.
If geom is an AbstractVector or table, the mode keyword will determine how coverage is combined.
Keywords
  • mode: method for combining multiple geometries - union or sum.
    • union (the default) gives the areas covered by all geometries. Usefull in spatial coverage where overlapping regions should not be counted twice. The returned raster will contain Float64 values between 0.0 and 1.0.
    • sum gives the summed total of the areas covered by all geometries, as in taking the sum of running coverage separately on all geometries. The returned values are positive Float64.
    For a single geometry, the mode keyword has no effect - the result is the same.
  • scale: Integer scale of pixel subdivision. The default of 10 means each pixel has 10 x 10 or 100 points that contribute to coverage. Using 100 means 10,000 points contribute. Performance will decline as scale increases. Memory use will grow by scale^2 when mode=:union.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
source
`,8))]),i("details",Q,[i("summary",null,[s[66]||(s[66]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.crop",href:"#Rasters.crop"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.crop")],-1)),s[67]||(s[67]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[68]||(s[68]=t(`
julia
crop(x; to, touches=false, [geometrycolumn])
 crop(xs...; to)
Crop one or multiple AbstractRaster or AbstractRasterStack x to match the size of the object to, or smallest of any dimensions that are shared.
crop is lazy, using a view into the object rather than allocating new memory.
Keywords
  • to: the object to crop to. This can be a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified. If no to keyword is passed, the smallest shared area of all xs is used.
  • touches: true or false. Whether to use Touches wraper on the object extent. When lines need to be included in e.g. zonal statistics, true should be used.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
As crop is lazy, filename and suffix keywords are not used.
Example
Crop to another raster:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 evenness = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :evenness)
 rnge = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :range)
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/argentina_crop_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',15))]),i("details",ss,[i("summary",null,[s[69]||(s[69]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.disaggregate",href:"#Rasters.disaggregate"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.disaggregate")],-1)),s[70]||(s[70]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[71]||(s[71]=t('
julia
disaggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, keys)
Disaggregate array, or all arrays in a stack or series, by some scale.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or a Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',8))]),i("details",is,[i("summary",null,[s[72]||(s[72]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.disaggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}",href:"#Rasters.disaggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.disaggregate!")],-1)),s[73]||(s[73]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[74]||(s[74]=t('
julia
disaggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, filename, scale)
Disaggregate array src to array dst by some scale, using method.
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',5))]),i("details",es,[i("summary",null,[s[75]||(s[75]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.extend",href:"#Rasters.extend"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.extend")],-1)),s[76]||(s[76]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[77]||(s[77]=t(`
julia
extend(xs...; [to])
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',15))]),i("details",ss,[i("summary",null,[s[69]||(s[69]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.disaggregate",href:"#Rasters.disaggregate"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.disaggregate")],-1)),s[70]||(s[70]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[71]||(s[71]=t('
julia
disaggregate(method, object, scale; filename, progress, keys)
Disaggregate array, or all arrays in a stack or series, by some scale.
Arguments
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • object: Object to aggregate, like AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractStack, AbstractRaster or a Dimension.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index.
Keywords
  • progress: show a progress bar.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',8))]),i("details",is,[i("summary",null,[s[72]||(s[72]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.disaggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}",href:"#Rasters.disaggregate!-Tuple{Locus, AbstractRaster, Any, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.disaggregate!")],-1)),s[73]||(s[73]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[74]||(s[74]=t('
julia
disaggregate!(method, dst::AbstractRaster, src::AbstractRaster, filename, scale)
Disaggregate array src to array dst by some scale, using method.
  • method: a function such as mean or sum that can combine the value of multiple cells to generate the aggregated cell, or a Locus like Start() or Center() that species where to sample from in the interval.
  • scale: the aggregation factor, which can be an integer, a tuple of integers for each dimension, or any Dimension, Selector or Int combination you can usually use in getindex. Using a Selector will determine the scale by the distance from the start of the index in the src array.
Note: currently it is faster to aggregate over memory-backed arrays. Use read on src before use where required.
source
',5))]),i("details",es,[i("summary",null,[s[75]||(s[75]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.extend",href:"#Rasters.extend"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.extend")],-1)),s[76]||(s[76]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[77]||(s[77]=t(`
julia
extend(xs...; [to])
 extend(xs; [to])
 extend(x::Union{AbstractRaster,AbstractRasterStack}; to, kw...)
Extend one or multiple AbstractRaster to match the area covered by all xs, or by the keyword argument to.
Keywords
  • to: the Raster or dims to extend to. If no to keyword is passed, the largest shared area of all xs is used.
  • touches: true or false. Whether to use Touches wrapper on the object extent. When lines need to be included in e.g. zonal statistics, true shoudle be used.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 evenness = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :evenness)
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/extend_example.png")
 nothing
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',8))]),i("details",as,[i("summary",null,[s[78]||(s[78]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.extract",href:"#Rasters.extract"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.extract")],-1)),s[79]||(s[79]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[80]||(s[80]=t(`
julia
extract(x, data; kw...)
Extracts the value of Raster or RasterStack at given points, returning an iterable of NamedTuple with properties for :geometry and raster or stack layer values.
Note that if objects have more dimensions than the length of the point tuples, sliced arrays or stacks will be returned instead of single values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack to extract values from.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometry: include :geometry in returned NamedTuple, true by default.
  • index: include :index of the CartesianIndex in returned NamedTuple, false by default.
  • name: a Symbol or Tuple of Symbol corresponding to layer/s of a RasterStack to extract. All layers by default.
  • skipmissing: skip missing points automatically.
  • atol: a tolerance for floating point lookup values for when the Lookup contains Points. atol is ignored for Intervals.
– geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
Here we extract points matching the occurrence of the Mountain Pygmy Possum, Burramis parvus. This could be used to fit a species distribution model.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, GBIF2, CSV
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',8))]),i("details",as,[i("summary",null,[s[78]||(s[78]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.extract",href:"#Rasters.extract"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.extract")],-1)),s[79]||(s[79]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[80]||(s[80]=t(`
julia
extract(x, data; kw...)
Extracts the value of Raster or RasterStack at given points, returning an iterable of NamedTuple with properties for :geometry and raster or stack layer values.
Note that if objects have more dimensions than the length of the point tuples, sliced arrays or stacks will be returned instead of single values.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack to extract values from.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometry: include :geometry in returned NamedTuple, true by default.
  • index: include :index of the CartesianIndex in returned NamedTuple, false by default.
  • name: a Symbol or Tuple of Symbol corresponding to layer/s of a RasterStack to extract. All layers by default.
  • skipmissing: skip missing points automatically.
  • atol: a tolerance for floating point lookup values for when the Lookup contains Points. atol is ignored for Intervals.
– geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
Here we extract points matching the occurrence of the Mountain Pygmy Possum, Burramis parvus. This could be used to fit a species distribution model.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, GBIF2, CSV
 
 # Get a stack of BioClim layers, and replace missing values with \`missing\`
 st = RasterStack(WorldClim{BioClim}, (1, 3, 5, 7, 12)) |> replace_missing
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
  (geometry = (0.03, 39.97), bio1 = 17.076923f0, bio3 = 39.7983f0, bio5 = 29.638462f0, bio7 = 24.153847f0, bio12 = 441.0f0)
  (geometry = (0.03, 39.97), bio1 = 17.076923f0, bio3 = 39.7983f0, bio5 = 29.638462f0, bio7 = 24.153847f0, bio12 = 441.0f0)
  (geometry = (0.52, 40.37), bio1 = missing, bio3 = missing, bio5 = missing, bio7 = missing, bio12 = missing)
- (geometry = (0.32, 40.24), bio1 = 16.321388f0, bio3 = 41.659454f0, bio5 = 30.029825f0, bio7 = 25.544561f0, bio12 = 480.0f0)
Note: passing in arrays, geometry collections or feature collections containing a mix of points and other geometries has undefined results.
source
`,13))]),i("details",ts,[i("summary",null,[s[81]||(s[81]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedbounds",href:"#Rasters.mappedbounds"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedbounds")],-1)),s[82]||(s[82]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[83]||(s[83]=t('
julia
mappedbounds(x)
Get the bounds converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular bounds.
source
',4))]),i("details",ns,[i("summary",null,[s[84]||(s[84]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedcrs",href:"#Rasters.mappedcrs"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedcrs")],-1)),s[85]||(s[85]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[86]||(s[86]=t('
julia
mappedcrs(x)
Get the mapped coordinate reference system for the Y/X dims of an array.
In Projected lookup this is used to convert Selector values form the mappedcrs defined projection to the underlying projection, and to show plot axes in the mapped projection.
In Mapped lookup this is the coordinate reference system of the index values. See setmappedcrs to set it manually.
source
',5))]),i("details",ls,[i("summary",null,[s[87]||(s[87]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedindex",href:"#Rasters.mappedindex"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedindex")],-1)),s[88]||(s[88]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[89]||(s[89]=t('
julia
mappedindex(x)
Get the index value of a dimension converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular dim value.
source
',4))]),i("details",ps,[i("summary",null,[s[90]||(s[90]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mask!",href:"#Rasters.mask!"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mask!")],-1)),s[91]||(s[91]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[92]||(s[92]=t(`
julia
mask!(x; with, missingval=missingval(A))
Mask A by the missing values of with, or by all values outside with if it is a polygon.
If with is a polygon, creates a new array where points falling outside the polygon have been replaced by missingval(A).
Return a new array with values of A masked by the missing values of with, or by a polygon.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack.
Keywords
  • with: another AbstractRaster, a AbstractVector of Tuple points, or any GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry. The coordinate reference system of the point must match crs(A).
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: the missing value to write to A in masked areas, by default missingval(A).
Example
Mask an unmasked AWAP layer with a masked WorldClim layer, by first resampling the mask to match the size and projection.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
+ (geometry = (0.32, 40.24), bio1 = 16.321388f0, bio3 = 41.659454f0, bio5 = 30.029825f0, bio7 = 25.544561f0, bio12 = 480.0f0)
Note: passing in arrays, geometry collections or feature collections containing a mix of points and other geometries has undefined results.
source
`,13))]),i("details",ts,[i("summary",null,[s[81]||(s[81]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedbounds",href:"#Rasters.mappedbounds"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedbounds")],-1)),s[82]||(s[82]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[83]||(s[83]=t('
julia
mappedbounds(x)
Get the bounds converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular bounds.
source
',4))]),i("details",ns,[i("summary",null,[s[84]||(s[84]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedcrs",href:"#Rasters.mappedcrs"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedcrs")],-1)),s[85]||(s[85]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[86]||(s[86]=t('
julia
mappedcrs(x)
Get the mapped coordinate reference system for the Y/X dims of an array.
In Projected lookup this is used to convert Selector values form the mappedcrs defined projection to the underlying projection, and to show plot axes in the mapped projection.
In Mapped lookup this is the coordinate reference system of the index values. See setmappedcrs to set it manually.
source
',5))]),i("details",ls,[i("summary",null,[s[87]||(s[87]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mappedindex",href:"#Rasters.mappedindex"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mappedindex")],-1)),s[88]||(s[88]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[89]||(s[89]=t('
julia
mappedindex(x)
Get the index value of a dimension converted to the mappedcrs value.
Without ArchGDAL loaded, this is just the regular dim value.
source
',4))]),i("details",ps,[i("summary",null,[s[90]||(s[90]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mask!",href:"#Rasters.mask!"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mask!")],-1)),s[91]||(s[91]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[92]||(s[92]=t(`
julia
mask!(x; with, missingval=missingval(A))
Mask A by the missing values of with, or by all values outside with if it is a polygon.
If with is a polygon, creates a new array where points falling outside the polygon have been replaced by missingval(A).
Return a new array with values of A masked by the missing values of with, or by a polygon.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack.
Keywords
  • with: another AbstractRaster, a AbstractVector of Tuple points, or any GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry. The coordinate reference system of the point must match crs(A).
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: the missing value to write to A in masked areas, by default missingval(A).
Example
Mask an unmasked AWAP layer with a masked WorldClim layer, by first resampling the mask to match the size and projection.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 
 # Load and plot the file
 awap = read(RasterStack(AWAP, (:tmin, :tmax); date=DateTime(2001, 1, 1)))
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(a, "build/mask_bang_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/mask_bang_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before mask!:
After mask!:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,15))]),i("details",os,[i("summary",null,[s[93]||(s[93]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mask-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.mask-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mask")],-1)),s[94]||(s[94]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[95]||(s[95]=t(`
julia
mask(A:AbstractRaster; with, missingval=missingval(A))
+# output
Before mask!:
After mask!:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,15))]),i("details",os,[i("summary",null,[s[93]||(s[93]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mask-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.mask-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mask")],-1)),s[94]||(s[94]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[95]||(s[95]=t(`
julia
mask(A:AbstractRaster; with, missingval=missingval(A))
 mask(x; with)
Return a new array with values of A masked by the missing values of with, or by the shape of with, if with is a geometric object.
Arguments
  • x: a Raster or RasterStack
Keywords
  • with: an AbstractRaster, or any GeoInterface.jl compatible objects or table. The coordinate reference system of the point must match crs(A).
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • missingval: the missing value to use in the returned file.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Geometry keywords
These can be used when with is a GeoInterface.jl compatible object:
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
Mask an unmasked AWAP layer with a masked WorldClim layer, by first resampling the mask.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 
 # Load and plot the file
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig(a, "build/mask_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/mask_example_after.png"); nothing
-# output
Before mask:
After mask:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,16))]),i("details",rs,[i("summary",null,[s[96]||(s[96]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.missingmask-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.missingmask-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.missingmask")],-1)),s[97]||(s[97]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[98]||(s[98]=t(`
julia
missingmask(obj::Raster; kw...)
+# output
Before mask:
After mask:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,16))]),i("details",rs,[i("summary",null,[s[96]||(s[96]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.missingmask-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.missingmask-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.missingmask")],-1)),s[97]||(s[97]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[98]||(s[98]=t(`
julia
missingmask(obj::Raster; kw...)
 missingmask(obj; [to, res, size, collapse])
 missingmask(obj::RasterStack; alllayers = true, kw...)
Create a mask array of missing and true values, from another Raster. AbstractRasterStack or AbstractRasterSeries are also accepted-
For AbstractRaster the default missingval is missingval(A), but others can be chosen manually.
The array returned from calling missingmask on a AbstractRaster is a Raster with the same size and fields as the original array.
Arguments
  • obj: a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • alllayers: if true a mask is taken for all layers, otherwise only the first layer is used. Defaults to true
  • invert: invert the mask, so that areas no missing in with are masked, and areas missing in with are masked.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates
 wc = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/missingmask_example.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',13))]),i("details",hs,[i("summary",null,[s[99]||(s[99]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.missingval",href:"#Rasters.missingval"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.missingval")],-1)),s[100]||(s[100]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[101]||(s[101]=t('
julia
missingval(x)
Returns the value representing missing data in the dataset
source
',3))]),i("details",ds,[i("summary",null,[s[102]||(s[102]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mosaic!-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}",href:"#Rasters.mosaic!-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mosaic!")],-1)),s[103]||(s[103]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[104]||(s[104]=t(`
julia
mosaic!(f, x, regions...; missingval, atol)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',13))]),i("details",hs,[i("summary",null,[s[99]||(s[99]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.missingval",href:"#Rasters.missingval"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.missingval")],-1)),s[100]||(s[100]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[101]||(s[101]=t('
julia
missingval(x)
Returns the value representing missing data in the dataset
source
',3))]),i("details",ds,[i("summary",null,[s[102]||(s[102]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mosaic!-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}",href:"#Rasters.mosaic!-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mosaic!")],-1)),s[103]||(s[103]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[104]||(s[104]=t(`
julia
mosaic!(f, x, regions...; missingval, atol)
 mosaic!(f, x, regions::Tuple; missingval, atol)
Combine regions in x using the function f.
Arguments
  • f a function (e.g. mean, sum, first or last) that is applied to values where regions overlap.
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack. May be a an opened disk-based Raster, the result will be written to disk. With the current algorithm, the read speed is slow.
  • regions: source objects to be joined. These should be memory-backed (use read first), or may experience poor performance. If all objects have the same extent, mosaic is simply a merge.
Keywords
  • missingval: Fills empty areas, and defualts to the \`missingval/ of the first layer.
  • atol: Absolute tolerance for comparison between index values. This is often required due to minor differences in range values due to floating point error. It is not applied to non-float dimensions. A tuple of tolerances may be passed, matching the dimension order.
Example
Cut out Australia and Africa stacks, then combined them into a single stack.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Statistics, Plots
 st = read(RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month=1))
 aus = st[X=100.0 .. 160.0, Y=-50.0 .. -10.0]
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 plot(st)
 savefig("build/mosaic_bang_example.png")
 nothing
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',12))]),i("details",ks,[i("summary",null,[s[105]||(s[105]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mosaic-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}",href:"#Rasters.mosaic-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mosaic")],-1)),s[106]||(s[106]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[107]||(s[107]=t(`
julia
mosaic(f, regions...; missingval, atol)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',12))]),i("details",ks,[i("summary",null,[s[105]||(s[105]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.mosaic-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}",href:"#Rasters.mosaic-Tuple{Function, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Vararg{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.mosaic")],-1)),s[106]||(s[106]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[107]||(s[107]=t(`
julia
mosaic(f, regions...; missingval, atol)
 mosaic(f, regions; missingval, atol)
Combine regions into a single raster.
Arguments
  • f: A reducing function (mean, sum, first, last etc.) for values where regions overlap.
  • regions: Iterable or splatted Raster or RasterStack.
Keywords
  • missingval: Fills empty areas, and defualts to the missingval of the first region.
  • atol: Absolute tolerance for comparison between index values. This is often required due to minor differences in range values due to floating point error. It is not applied to non-float dimensions. A tuple of tolerances may be passed, matching the dimension order.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
If your mosaic has has apparent line errors, increase the atol value.
Example
Here we cut out Australia and Africa from a stack, and join them with mosaic.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 st = RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month=1);
 
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(b, "build/mosaic_example_aus.png")
 savefig(c, "build/mosaic_example_combined.png")
 nothing
-# output
Individual continents
Mosaic of continents
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',17))]),i("details",cs,[i("summary",null,[s[108]||(s[108]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.points-Tuple{AbstractRaster}",href:"#Rasters.points-Tuple{AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.points")],-1)),s[109]||(s[109]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[110]||(s[110]=t('
julia
points(A::AbstractRaster; dims=(YDim, XDim), ignore_missing) => Array{Tuple}
Returns a generator of the points in A for dimensions in dims, where points are a tuple of the values in each specified dimension index.
Keywords
  • dims the dimensions to return points from. The first slice of other layers will be used.
  • ignore_missing: wether to ignore missing values in the array when considering points. If true, all points in the dimensions will be returned, if false only the points that are not === missingval(A) will be returned.
The order of dims determines the order of the points.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',7))]),i("details",gs,[i("summary",null,[s[111]||(s[111]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rasterize",href:"#Rasters.rasterize"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rasterize")],-1)),s[112]||(s[112]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[113]||(s[113]=t(`
julia
rasterize([reducer], data; geometrycolumn, kw...)
Rasterize a GeoInterface.jl compatable geometry or feature, or a Tables.jl table with a :geometry column of GeoInterface.jl objects, or points columns specified by geometrycolumn
Arguments
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from data where possible.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Note on threading. Performance may be much better with threaded=false if reducer/op are not threadsafe. sum, prod, maximum, minimum count and mean (by combining sum and count) are threadsafe. If you know your algorithm is threadsafe, use threadsafe=true to allow all optimisations. Functions passed to fill are always threadsafe, and ignore the threadsafe argument.
Example
Rasterize a shapefile for China and plot, with a border.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, Downloads
+# output
Individual continents
Mosaic of continents
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',17))]),i("details",cs,[i("summary",null,[s[108]||(s[108]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.points-Tuple{AbstractRaster}",href:"#Rasters.points-Tuple{AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.points")],-1)),s[109]||(s[109]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[110]||(s[110]=t('
julia
points(A::AbstractRaster; dims=(YDim, XDim), ignore_missing) => Array{Tuple}
Returns a generator of the points in A for dimensions in dims, where points are a tuple of the values in each specified dimension index.
Keywords
  • dims the dimensions to return points from. The first slice of other layers will be used.
  • ignore_missing: wether to ignore missing values in the array when considering points. If true, all points in the dimensions will be returned, if false only the points that are not === missingval(A) will be returned.
The order of dims determines the order of the points.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',7))]),i("details",gs,[i("summary",null,[s[111]||(s[111]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rasterize",href:"#Rasters.rasterize"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rasterize")],-1)),s[112]||(s[112]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[113]||(s[113]=t(`
julia
rasterize([reducer], data; geometrycolumn, kw...)
Rasterize a GeoInterface.jl compatable geometry or feature, or a Tables.jl table with a :geometry column of GeoInterface.jl objects, or points columns specified by geometrycolumn
Arguments
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from data where possible.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Note on threading. Performance may be much better with threaded=false if reducer/op are not threadsafe. sum, prod, maximum, minimum count and mean (by combining sum and count) are threadsafe. If you know your algorithm is threadsafe, use threadsafe=true to allow all optimisations. Functions passed to fill are always threadsafe, and ignore the threadsafe argument.
Example
Rasterize a shapefile for China and plot, with a border.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, Downloads
 using Rasters.Lookups
 
 # Download a borders shapefile
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/china_rasterized.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',14))]),i("details",ys,[i("summary",null,[s[114]||(s[114]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rasterize!",href:"#Rasters.rasterize!"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rasterize!")],-1)),s[115]||(s[115]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[116]||(s[116]=t(`
julia
rasterize!([reducer], dest, data; kw...)
Rasterize the geometries in data into the Raster or RasterStack dest, using the values specified by fill.
Arguments
  • dest: a Raster or RasterStack to rasterize into.
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from A and data where possible.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, GeoInterface, Downloads
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',14))]),i("details",ys,[i("summary",null,[s[114]||(s[114]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rasterize!",href:"#Rasters.rasterize!"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rasterize!")],-1)),s[115]||(s[115]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[116]||(s[116]=t(`
julia
rasterize!([reducer], dest, data; kw...)
Rasterize the geometries in data into the Raster or RasterStack dest, using the values specified by fill.
Arguments
  • dest: a Raster or RasterStack to rasterize into.
  • reducer: a reducing function to reduce the fill value for all geometries that cover or touch a pixel down to a single value. The default is last. Any that takes an iterable and returns a single value will work, including custom functions. However, there are optimisations for built-in methods including sum, first, last, minimum, maximum, extrema and Statistics.mean. These may be an order of magnitude or more faster than count is a special-cased as it does not need a fill value.
  • data: a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
These are detected automatically from A and data where possible.
  • fill: the value or values to fill a polygon with. A Symbol or tuple of Symbol will be used to retrieve properties from features or column values from table rows. An array or other iterable will be used for each geometry, in order. fill can also be a function of the current value, e.g. x -> x + 1.
  • op: A reducing function that accepts two values and returns one, like min to minimum. For common methods this will be assigned for you, or is not required. But you can use it instead of a reducer as it will usually be faster.
  • shape: force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible Points can't be treated as lines or polygons, and lines may not work as polygons, but an attempt will be made.
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • verbose: print information and warnings when there are problems with the rasterisation. true by default.
  • threaded: run operations in parallel, false by default. In some circumstances threaded can give large speedups over single-threaded operation. This can be true for complicated geometries written into low-resolution rasters, but may not be for simple geometries with high-resolution rasters. With very large rasters threading may be counter productive due to excessive memory use. Caution should also be used: threaded should not be used in in-place functions writing to BitArray or other arrays where race conditions can occur.
  • threadsafe: specify that custom reducer and/or op functions are thread-safe, in that the order of operation or blocking does not matter. For example, sum and maximum are thread-safe, because the answer is approximately (besides floating point error) the same after running on nested blocks, or on all the data. In contrast, median or last are not, because the blocking (median) or order (last) matters.
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from the geometries, Additionally, when no to object or an Extent is passed for to, the size or res keyword must also be used.
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point geometries. using points or lines as polygons may have unexpected results.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the polygon :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside the polygon. The default is :center.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots, Dates, Shapefile, GeoInterface, Downloads
 using Rasters.Lookups
 
 # Download a borders shapefile
@@ -284,12 +284,12 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 
 savefig("build/indonesia_rasterized.png"); nothing
 
-# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',12))]),i("details",Es,[i("summary",null,[s[117]||(s[117]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.replace_missing-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.replace_missing-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.replace_missing")],-1)),s[118]||(s[118]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[119]||(s[119]=t(`
julia
replace_missing(a::AbstractRaster, newmissingval)
+# output
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',12))]),i("details",Es,[i("summary",null,[s[117]||(s[117]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.replace_missing-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.replace_missing-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.replace_missing")],-1)),s[118]||(s[118]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[119]||(s[119]=t(`
julia
replace_missing(a::AbstractRaster, newmissingval)
 replace_missing(a::AbstractRasterStack, newmissingval)
Replace missing values in the array or stack with a new missing value, also updating the missingval field/s.
Keywords
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1) |> replace_missing
 missingval(A)
 # output
-missing
source
`,7))]),i("details",us,[i("summary",null,[s[120]||(s[120]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.reproject-NTuple{4, Any}",href:"#Rasters.reproject-NTuple{4, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.reproject")],-1)),s[121]||(s[121]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[122]||(s[122]=t('
julia
reproject(source::GeoFormat, target::GeoFormat, dim::Dimension, val)
reproject uses Proj.jl's Transformation interface, but implemented for reprojecting a lookup / axis array, a single dimension at a time.
source
',3))]),i("details",ms,[i("summary",null,[s[123]||(s[123]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.reproject-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.reproject-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.reproject")],-1)),s[124]||(s[124]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[125]||(s[125]=t('
julia
reproject(obj; crs)
Reproject the lookups (axes) of obj to a different crs.
This is a lossless operation for the raster data, as only the lookup values change. This is only possible when the axes of source and destination projections are aligned: the change is usually from a Regular and an Irregular lookup spans.
For converting between projections that are rotated, skewed or warped in any way, or if you want to re-sample the data, use resample.
Dimensions without an AbstractProjected lookup (such as a Ti dimension) are silently returned without modification.
Arguments
  • obj: a Lookup, Dimension, Tuple of Dimension, Raster or RasterStack.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
source
',8))]),i("details",bs,[i("summary",null,[s[126]||(s[126]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.resample-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.resample-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.resample")],-1)),s[127]||(s[127]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[128]||(s[128]=t(`
julia
resample(x; kw...)
+missing
source
`,7))]),i("details",us,[i("summary",null,[s[120]||(s[120]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.reproject-NTuple{4, Any}",href:"#Rasters.reproject-NTuple{4, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.reproject")],-1)),s[121]||(s[121]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[122]||(s[122]=t('
julia
reproject(source::GeoFormat, target::GeoFormat, dim::Dimension, val)
reproject uses Proj.jl's Transformation interface, but implemented for reprojecting a lookup / axis array, a single dimension at a time.
source
',3))]),i("details",ms,[i("summary",null,[s[123]||(s[123]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.reproject-Tuple{Any}",href:"#Rasters.reproject-Tuple{Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.reproject")],-1)),s[124]||(s[124]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[125]||(s[125]=t('
julia
reproject(obj; crs)
Reproject the lookups (axes) of obj to a different crs.
This is a lossless operation for the raster data, as only the lookup values change. This is only possible when the axes of source and destination projections are aligned: the change is usually from a Regular and an Irregular lookup spans.
For converting between projections that are rotated, skewed or warped in any way, or if you want to re-sample the data, use resample.
Dimensions without an AbstractProjected lookup (such as a Ti dimension) are silently returned without modification.
Arguments
  • obj: a Lookup, Dimension, Tuple of Dimension, Raster or RasterStack.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
source
',8))]),i("details",bs,[i("summary",null,[s[126]||(s[126]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.resample-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.resample-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.resample")],-1)),s[127]||(s[127]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[128]||(s[128]=t(`
julia
resample(x; kw...)
 resample(xs...; to=first(xs), kw...)
resample uses warp (which uses GDALs gdalwarp) to resample a Raster or RasterStack to a new resolution and optionally new crs, or to snap to the bounds, resolution and crs of the object to.
Dimensions without an AbstractProjected lookup (such as a Ti dimension) are iteratively resampled with GDAL and joined back into a single array.
If projections can be converted for each axis independently, it may be faster and more accurate to use reproject.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method available.
Arguments
  • x: the object/s to resample.
Keywords
  • to: a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension or Extents.Extent. If no to object is provided the extent will be calculated from x,
  • res: the resolution of the dimensions (often in meters or degrees), a Real or Tuple{<:Real,<:Real}. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and size is not used.
  • size: the size of the output array, as a Tuple{Int,Int} or single Int for a square. Only required when to is not used or is an Extents.Extent, and res is not used.
  • crs: a crs which will be attached to the resulting raster when to not passed or is an Extent. Otherwise the crs from to is used.
  • method: A Symbol or String specifying the method to use for resampling. From the docs for gdalwarp:
    • :near: nearest neighbour resampling (default, fastest algorithm, worst interpolation quality).
    • :bilinear: bilinear resampling.
    • :cubic: cubic resampling.
    • :cubicspline: cubic spline resampling.
    • :lanczos: Lanczos windowed sinc resampling.
    • :average: average resampling, computes the weighted average of all non-NODATA contributing pixels. rms root mean square / quadratic mean of all non-NODATA contributing pixels (GDAL >= 3.3)
    • :mode: mode resampling, selects the value which appears most often of all the sampled points.
    • :max: maximum resampling, selects the maximum value from all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :min: minimum resampling, selects the minimum value from all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :med: median resampling, selects the median value of all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :q1: first quartile resampling, selects the first quartile value of all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :q3: third quartile resampling, selects the third quartile value of all non-NODATA contributing pixels.
    • :sum: compute the weighted sum of all non-NODATA contributing pixels (since GDAL 3.1)
    Where NODATA values are set to missingval.
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Note:
  • GDAL may cause some unexpected changes in the raster, such as changing the crs type from EPSG to WellKnownText (it will represent the same CRS).
Example
Resample a WorldClim layer to match an EarthEnv layer:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
 B = Raster(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, :evenness)
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(a, "build/resample_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/resample_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before resample:
After resample:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',20))]),i("details",Fs,[i("summary",null,[s[129]||(s[129]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.setcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.setcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.setcrs")],-1)),s[130]||(s[130]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[131]||(s[131]=t('
julia
setcrs(x, crs)
Set the crs of a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
',3))]),i("details",fs,[i("summary",null,[s[132]||(s[132]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.setmappedcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.setmappedcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.setmappedcrs")],-1)),s[133]||(s[133]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[134]||(s[134]=t('
julia
setmappedcrs(x, crs)
Set the mapped crs of a Raster, a RasterStack, a Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
',3))]),i("details",Cs,[i("summary",null,[s[135]||(s[135]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.slice-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.slice-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.slice")],-1)),s[136]||(s[136]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[137]||(s[137]=t('
julia
slice(A::Union{AbstractRaster,AbstractRasterStack,AbstracRasterSeries}, dims) => RasterSeries
Slice views along some dimension/s to obtain a RasterSeries of the slices.
For a Raster or RasterStack this will return a RasterSeries of Raster or RasterStack that are slices along the specified dimensions.
For a RasterSeries, the output is another series where the child objects are sliced and the series dimensions index is now of the child dimensions combined. slice on a RasterSeries with no dimensions will slice along the dimensions shared by both the series and child object.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',6))]),i("details",As,[i("summary",null,[s[138]||(s[138]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.trim-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Rasters.trim-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.trim")],-1)),s[139]||(s[139]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[140]||(s[140]=t(`
julia
trim(x; dims::Tuple, pad::Int)
Trim missingval(x) from x for axes in dims, returning a view of x.
Arguments
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack. For stacks, all layers must having missing values for a pixel for it to be trimmed.
Keywords
  • dims: By default dims=(XDim, YDim), so that trimming keeps the area of X and Y that contains non-missing values along all other dimensions.
  • pad: The trimmed size will be padded by pad on all sides, although padding will not be added beyond the original extent of the array.
As trim is lazy, filename and suffix keywords are not used.
Example
Create trimmed layers of Australian habitat heterogeneity.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
+# output
Before resample:
After resample:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',20))]),i("details",Fs,[i("summary",null,[s[129]||(s[129]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.setcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.setcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.setcrs")],-1)),s[130]||(s[130]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[131]||(s[131]=t('
julia
setcrs(x, crs)
Set the crs of a Raster, RasterStack, Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
',3))]),i("details",fs,[i("summary",null,[s[132]||(s[132]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.setmappedcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.setmappedcrs-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.setmappedcrs")],-1)),s[133]||(s[133]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[134]||(s[134]=t('
julia
setmappedcrs(x, crs)
Set the mapped crs of a Raster, a RasterStack, a Tuple of Dimension, or a Dimension. The crs is expected to be a GeoFormatTypes.jl CRS or Mixed GeoFormat type
source
',3))]),i("details",Cs,[i("summary",null,[s[135]||(s[135]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.slice-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}",href:"#Rasters.slice-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.slice")],-1)),s[136]||(s[136]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[137]||(s[137]=t('
julia
slice(A::Union{AbstractRaster,AbstractRasterStack,AbstracRasterSeries}, dims) => RasterSeries
Slice views along some dimension/s to obtain a RasterSeries of the slices.
For a Raster or RasterStack this will return a RasterSeries of Raster or RasterStack that are slices along the specified dimensions.
For a RasterSeries, the output is another series where the child objects are sliced and the series dimensions index is now of the child dimensions combined. slice on a RasterSeries with no dimensions will slice along the dimensions shared by both the series and child object.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',6))]),i("details",As,[i("summary",null,[s[138]||(s[138]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.trim-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Rasters.trim-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.trim")],-1)),s[139]||(s[139]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[140]||(s[140]=t(`
julia
trim(x; dims::Tuple, pad::Int)
Trim missingval(x) from x for axes in dims, returning a view of x.
Arguments
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack. For stacks, all layers must having missing values for a pixel for it to be trimmed.
Keywords
  • dims: By default dims=(XDim, YDim), so that trimming keeps the area of X and Y that contains non-missing values along all other dimensions.
  • pad: The trimmed size will be padded by pad on all sides, although padding will not be added beyond the original extent of the array.
As trim is lazy, filename and suffix keywords are not used.
Example
Create trimmed layers of Australian habitat heterogeneity.
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 layers = (:evenness, :range, :contrast, :correlation)
 st = RasterStack(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, layers)
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(a, "build/trim_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/trim_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before trim:
After trim:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',16))]),i("details",Rs,[i("summary",null,[s[141]||(s[141]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.warp-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.warp-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.warp")],-1)),s[142]||(s[142]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[143]||(s[143]=t(`
julia
warp(A::AbstractRaster, flags::Dict; kw...)
Gives access to the GDALs gdalwarp method given a Dict of flag => value arguments that can be converted to strings, or vectors where multiple space-separated arguments are required.
Arrays with additional dimensions not handled by GDAL (other than X, Y, Band) are sliced, warped, and then combined to match the original array dimensions. These slices will not be written to disk and loaded lazily at this stage - you will need to do that manually if required.
See the gdalwarp docs for a list of arguments.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method available.
Keywords
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Any additional keywords are passed to ArchGDAL.Dataset.
Example
This simply resamples the array with the :tr (output file resolution) and :r flags, giving us a pixelated version:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
+# output
Before trim:
After trim:
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',16))]),i("details",Rs,[i("summary",null,[s[141]||(s[141]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.warp-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.warp-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.warp")],-1)),s[142]||(s[142]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[143]||(s[143]=t(`
julia
warp(A::AbstractRaster, flags::Dict; kw...)
Gives access to the GDALs gdalwarp method given a Dict of flag => value arguments that can be converted to strings, or vectors where multiple space-separated arguments are required.
Arrays with additional dimensions not handled by GDAL (other than X, Y, Band) are sliced, warped, and then combined to match the original array dimensions. These slices will not be written to disk and loaded lazily at this stage - you will need to do that manually if required.
See the gdalwarp docs for a list of arguments.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method available.
Keywords
  • filename: a filename to write to directly, useful for large files.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
Any additional keywords are passed to ArchGDAL.Dataset.
Example
This simply resamples the array with the :tr (output file resolution) and :r flags, giving us a pixelated version:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month=1)
 a = plot(A)
 
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
 savefig(a, "build/warp_example_before.png");
 savefig(b, "build/warp_example_after.png"); nothing
 
-# output
Before warp:
After warp:
In practise, prefer resample for this. But warp may be more flexible.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',18))]),i("details",vs,[i("summary",null,[s[144]||(s[144]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.zonal-Tuple{Any, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Rasters.zonal-Tuple{Any, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.zonal")],-1)),s[145]||(s[145]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[146]||(s[146]=t(`
julia
zonal(f, x::Union{Raster,RasterStack}; of, kw...)
Calculate zonal statistics for the the zone of a Raster or RasterStack covered by the of object/s.
Arguments
  • f: any function that reduces an iterable to a single value, such as sum or Statistics.mean
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack
  • of: A DimTuple, Extent, a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
These can be used when of is or contains (a) GeoInterface.jl compatible object(s):
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the line :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • skipmissing: wether to apply f to the result of skipmissing(A) or not. If true f will be passed an iterator over the values, which loses all spatial information. if false f will be passes a masked Raster or RasterStack, and will be responsible for handling missing values itself. The default value is true.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Shapefile, DataFrames, Downloads, Statistics, Dates
+# output
Before warp:
After warp:
In practise, prefer resample for this. But warp may be more flexible.
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
',18))]),i("details",vs,[i("summary",null,[s[144]||(s[144]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.zonal-Tuple{Any, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Rasters.zonal-Tuple{Any, Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.zonal")],-1)),s[145]||(s[145]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[146]||(s[146]=t(`
julia
zonal(f, x::Union{Raster,RasterStack}; of, kw...)
Calculate zonal statistics for the the zone of a Raster or RasterStack covered by the of object/s.
Arguments
  • f: any function that reduces an iterable to a single value, such as sum or Statistics.mean
  • x: A Raster or RasterStack
  • of: A DimTuple, Extent, a Raster or one or multiple geometries. Geometries can be a GeoInterface.jl AbstractGeometry, a nested Vector of AbstractGeometry, or a Tables.jl compatible object containing a :geometry column or points and values columns, in which case geometrycolumn must be specified.
Keywords
  • geometrycolumn: Symbol to manually select the column the geometries are in when data is a Tables.jl compatible table, or a tuple of Symbol for columns of point coordinates.
These can be used when of is or contains (a) GeoInterface.jl compatible object(s):
  • shape: Force data to be treated as :polygon, :line or :point, where possible.
  • boundary: for polygons, include pixels where the :center is inside the polygon, where the line :touches the pixel, or that are completely :inside inside the polygon. The default is :center.
  • progress: show a progress bar, true by default, false to hide..
  • skipmissing: wether to apply f to the result of skipmissing(A) or not. If true f will be passed an iterator over the values, which loses all spatial information. if false f will be passes a masked Raster or RasterStack, and will be responsible for handling missing values itself. The default value is true.
Example
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Shapefile, DataFrames, Downloads, Statistics, Dates
 
 # Download a borders shapefile
 ne_url = "https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/raw/master/10m_cultural/ne_10m_admin_0_countries"
@@ -370,17 +370,17 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a5 as t,j as i,a as e,G as n,B as o,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
  256 │ Bajo Nuevo Bank               NaN        NaN        NaN        NaN      ⋯
  257 │ Serranilla Bank               NaN        NaN        NaN        NaN
  258 │ Scarborough Reef              NaN        NaN        NaN        NaN
-                                                  3 columns and 243 rows omitted
source
`,11))]),s[193]||(s[193]=i("h2",{id:"Reference-Internal-functions",tabindex:"-1"},[e("Reference - Internal functions "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Reference-Internal-functions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Reference - Internal functions {#Reference-Internal-functions}"'},"​")],-1)),i("details",Ds,[i("summary",null,[s[147]||(s[147]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractProjected",href:"#Rasters.AbstractProjected"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractProjected")],-1)),s[148]||(s[148]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[149]||(s[149]=t('
julia
AbstractProjected <: AbstractSampled
Abstract supertype for projected index lookups.
source
',3))]),i("details",js,[i("summary",null,[s[150]||(s[150]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.FileArray",href:"#Rasters.FileArray"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.FileArray")],-1)),s[151]||(s[151]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[152]||(s[152]=t('
julia
FileArray{S} <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
Filearray is a DiskArrays.jl AbstractDiskArray. Instead of holding an open object, it just holds a filename string that is opened lazily when it needs to be read.
source
',3))]),i("details",Bs,[i("summary",null,[s[153]||(s[153]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.FileStack",href:"#Rasters.FileStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.FileStack")],-1)),s[154]||(s[154]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[155]||(s[155]=t(`
julia
FileStack{S,Na}
+                                                  3 columns and 243 rows omitted
source
`,11))]),s[193]||(s[193]=i("h2",{id:"Reference-Internal-functions",tabindex:"-1"},[e("Reference - Internal functions "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Reference-Internal-functions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Reference - Internal functions {#Reference-Internal-functions}"'},"​")],-1)),i("details",Ds,[i("summary",null,[s[147]||(s[147]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.AbstractProjected",href:"#Rasters.AbstractProjected"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.AbstractProjected")],-1)),s[148]||(s[148]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[149]||(s[149]=t('
julia
AbstractProjected <: AbstractSampled
Abstract supertype for projected index lookups.
source
',3))]),i("details",js,[i("summary",null,[s[150]||(s[150]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.FileArray",href:"#Rasters.FileArray"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.FileArray")],-1)),s[151]||(s[151]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[152]||(s[152]=t('
julia
FileArray{S} <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
Filearray is a DiskArrays.jl AbstractDiskArray. Instead of holding an open object, it just holds a filename string that is opened lazily when it needs to be read.
source
',3))]),i("details",Bs,[i("summary",null,[s[153]||(s[153]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.FileStack",href:"#Rasters.FileStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.FileStack")],-1)),s[154]||(s[154]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[155]||(s[155]=t(`
julia
FileStack{S,Na}
 
-FileStack{S,Na}(filename, types, sizes, eachchunk, haschunks, write)
A wrapper object that holds file pointer and size/chunking metadata for a multi-layered stack stored in a single file, typically netcdf or hdf5.
S is a backend type like NCDsource, and Na is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
`,4))]),i("details",ws,[i("summary",null,[s[156]||(s[156]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.OpenStack",href:"#Rasters.OpenStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.OpenStack")],-1)),s[157]||(s[157]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[158]||(s[158]=t(`
julia
OpenStack{X,K}
+FileStack{S,Na}(filename, types, sizes, eachchunk, haschunks, write)
A wrapper object that holds file pointer and size/chunking metadata for a multi-layered stack stored in a single file, typically netcdf or hdf5.
S is a backend type like NCDsource, and Na is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
`,4))]),i("details",ws,[i("summary",null,[s[156]||(s[156]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.OpenStack",href:"#Rasters.OpenStack"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.OpenStack")],-1)),s[157]||(s[157]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[158]||(s[158]=t(`
julia
OpenStack{X,K}
 
-OpenStack{X,K}(dataset)
A wrapper for any stack-like opened dataset that can be indexed with Symbol keys to retrieve AbstractArray layers.
OpenStack is usually hidden from users, wrapped in a regular RasterStack passed as the function argument in open(stack) when the stack is contained in a single file.
X is a backend type like NCDsource, and K is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
`,5))]),i("details",xs,[i("summary",null,[s[159]||(s[159]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterDiskArray",href:"#Rasters.RasterDiskArray"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterDiskArray")],-1)),s[160]||(s[160]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[161]||(s[161]=t('
julia
RasterDiskArray <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
A basic DiskArrays.jl wrapper for objects that don't have one defined yet. When we open a FileArray it is replaced with a RasterDiskArray.
source
',3))]),i("details",Ts,[i("summary",null,[s[162]||(s[162]=i("a",{id:"Base.open-Tuple{Function, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.open-Tuple{Function, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.open")],-1)),s[163]||(s[163]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[164]||(s[164]=t(`
julia
open(f, A::AbstractRaster; write=false)
open is used to open any lazy=true AbstractRaster and do multiple operations on it in a safe way. The write keyword opens the file in write lookup so that it can be altered on disk using e.g. a broadcast.
f is a method that accepts a single argument - an Raster object which is just an AbstractRaster that holds an open disk-based object. Often it will be a do block:
lazy=false (in-memory) rasters will ignore open and pass themselves to f.
julia
# A is an \`Raster\` wrapping the opened disk-based object.
+OpenStack{X,K}(dataset)
A wrapper for any stack-like opened dataset that can be indexed with Symbol keys to retrieve AbstractArray layers.
OpenStack is usually hidden from users, wrapped in a regular RasterStack passed as the function argument in open(stack) when the stack is contained in a single file.
X is a backend type like NCDsource, and K is a tuple of Symbol keys.
source
`,5))]),i("details",xs,[i("summary",null,[s[159]||(s[159]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.RasterDiskArray",href:"#Rasters.RasterDiskArray"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.RasterDiskArray")],-1)),s[160]||(s[160]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[161]||(s[161]=t('
julia
RasterDiskArray <: DiskArrays.AbstractDiskArray
A basic DiskArrays.jl wrapper for objects that don't have one defined yet. When we open a FileArray it is replaced with a RasterDiskArray.
source
',3))]),i("details",Ts,[i("summary",null,[s[162]||(s[162]=i("a",{id:"Base.open-Tuple{Function, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.open-Tuple{Function, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.open")],-1)),s[163]||(s[163]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[164]||(s[164]=t(`
julia
open(f, A::AbstractRaster; write=false)
open is used to open any lazy=true AbstractRaster and do multiple operations on it in a safe way. The write keyword opens the file in write lookup so that it can be altered on disk using e.g. a broadcast.
f is a method that accepts a single argument - an Raster object which is just an AbstractRaster that holds an open disk-based object. Often it will be a do block:
lazy=false (in-memory) rasters will ignore open and pass themselves to f.
julia
# A is an \`Raster\` wrapping the opened disk-based object.
 open(Raster(filepath); write=true) do A
     mask!(A; with=maskfile)
     A[I...] .*= 2
     # ...  other things you need to do with the open file
-end
By using a do block to open files we ensure they are always closed again after we finish working with them.
source
`,7))]),i("details",Ss,[i("summary",null,[s[165]||(s[165]=i("a",{id:"Base.read!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, AbstractArray}",href:"#Base.read!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, AbstractArray}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.read!")],-1)),s[166]||(s[166]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[167]||(s[167]=t(`
julia
read!(src::Union{AbstractString,AbstractRaster}, dst::AbstractRaster)
+end
By using a do block to open files we ensure they are always closed again after we finish working with them.
source
`,7))]),i("details",Ss,[i("summary",null,[s[165]||(s[165]=i("a",{id:"Base.read!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, AbstractArray}",href:"#Base.read!-Tuple{AbstractRaster, AbstractArray}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.read!")],-1)),s[166]||(s[166]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[167]||(s[167]=t(`
julia
read!(src::Union{AbstractString,AbstractRaster}, dst::AbstractRaster)
 read!(src::Union{AbstractString,AbstractRasterStack}, dst::AbstractRasterStack)
-read!(scr::AbstractRasterSeries, dst::AbstractRasterSeries)
read! will copy the data from src to the object dst.
src can be an object or a file-path String.
source
`,4))]),i("details",qs,[i("summary",null,[s[168]||(s[168]=i("a",{id:"Base.read-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Base.read-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.read")],-1)),s[169]||(s[169]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[170]||(s[170]=t(`
julia
read(A::AbstractRaster)
+read!(scr::AbstractRasterSeries, dst::AbstractRasterSeries)
read! will copy the data from src to the object dst.
src can be an object or a file-path String.
source
`,4))]),i("details",qs,[i("summary",null,[s[168]||(s[168]=i("a",{id:"Base.read-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}",href:"#Base.read-Tuple{Union{AbstractRaster, AbstractRasterSeries, AbstractRasterStack}}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.read")],-1)),s[169]||(s[169]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[170]||(s[170]=t(`
julia
read(A::AbstractRaster)
 read(A::AbstractRasterStack)
-read(A::AbstractRasterSeries)
read will move a Rasters.jl object completely to memory.
Keywords
  • checkmemory: If true (the default), check if there is enough memory for the operation. false will ignore memory needs.
source
`,5))]),i("details",Ls,[i("summary",null,[s[171]||(s[171]=i("a",{id:"Base.skipmissing-Tuple{Raster}",href:"#Base.skipmissing-Tuple{Raster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.skipmissing")],-1)),s[172]||(s[172]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[173]||(s[173]=t('
julia
skipmissing(itr::Raster)
Returns an iterable over the elements in a Raster object, skipping any values equal to either the missingval or missing.
source
',3))]),i("details",Is,[i("summary",null,[s[174]||(s[174]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[175]||(s[175]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[176]||(s[176]=t('
julia
Base.write(filepath::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterSeries; kw...)
Write any AbstractRasterSeries to multiple files, guessing the backend from the file extension.
The lookup values of the series will be appended to the filepath (before the extension), separated by underscores.
All keywords are passed through to these Raster and RasterStack methods.
Keywords
  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.
  • ext: filename extension such as ".tiff" or ".nc". Used to specify specific files if only a directory path is used.
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen. For series with RasterStack child objects, this may be a NamedTuple, one for each layer.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
source
',7))]),i("details",zs,[i("summary",null,[s[177]||(s[177]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterStack}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterStack}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[178]||(s[178]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[179]||(s[179]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterStack; kw...)
Write any AbstractRasterStack to one or multiple files, depending on the backend. Backend is guessed from the filename extension or forced with the source keyword.
If the source can't be saved as a stack-like object, individual array layers will be saved.
Keywords
  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.
  • ext: filename extension such as ".tiff" or ".nc". Used to specify specific files if only a directory path is used.
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen. For RasterStack this may be a NamedTuple, one for each layer.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
  • suffix: a string or value to append to the filename. A tuple of suffix will be applied to stack layers. keys(stack) are the default.
  • vebose: whether to print messages about potential problems. true by default.
Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.
NetCDF keywords
GDAL Keywords
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • driver: A GDAL driver name String or a GDAL driver retrieved via ArchGDAL.getdriver(drivername). By default driver is guessed from the filename extension.
  • options::Dict{String,String}: A dictionary containing the dataset creation options passed to the driver. For example: Dict("COMPRESS" => "DEFLATE").
Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html
Source comments
R grd/grid files
Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.
GDAL (tiff, and everything else)
Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.
source
',17))]),i("details",Ps,[i("summary",null,[s[180]||(s[180]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[181]||(s[181]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[182]||(s[182]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, A::AbstractRaster; [source], kw...)
Write an AbstractRaster to file, guessing the backend from the file extension or using the source keyword.
Keywords
  • chunks: a NTuple{N,Int} specifying the chunk size for each dimension. To specify only specific dimensions, a Tuple of Dimension wrapping Int or a NamedTuple of Int can be used. Other dimensions will have a chunk size of 1. true can be used to mean: use the original chunk size of the lazy Raster being written or X and Y of 256 by 256. false means don't use chunks at all.
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • missingval: set the missing value (i.e. FillValue / nodataval) of the written raster, as Julias missing cannot be stored. If not passed in, missingval will be detected from metadata or a default will be chosen.
  • source: Usually automatically detected from filepath extension. To manually force, a Symbol can be passed :gdal, :netcdf, :grd, :grib. The internal Rasters.Source objects, such as Rasters.GDALsource(), Rasters.GRIBsource() or Rasters.NCDsource() can also be used.
Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.
NetCDF keywords
GDAL Keywords
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
  • driver: A GDAL driver name String or a GDAL driver retrieved via ArchGDAL.getdriver(drivername). By default driver is guessed from the filename extension.
  • options::Dict{String,String}: A dictionary containing the dataset creation options passed to the driver. For example: Dict("COMPRESS" => "DEFLATE").
Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html
Source comments
R grd/grid files
Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.
GDAL (tiff, and everything else)
Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.
Returns filename.
source
',17))]),i("details",Gs,[i("summary",null,[s[183]||(s[183]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{String, Rasters.GRDsource, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{String, Rasters.GRDsource, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[184]||(s[184]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[185]||(s[185]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, ::Type{GRDsource}, s::AbstractRaster; kw...)
Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file.
This method is called automatically if you write a Raster with a .grd or .gri extension.
Keywords
  • force: false by default. If true it force writing to a file destructively, even if it already exists.
If this method is called directly the extension of filename will be ignored.
Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.
source
',8))]),i("details",Ns,[i("summary",null,[s[186]||(s[186]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.checkmem!-Tuple{Bool}",href:"#Rasters.checkmem!-Tuple{Bool}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.checkmem!")],-1)),s[187]||(s[187]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[188]||(s[188]=t('
julia
checkmem!(x::Bool)
Set checkmem to true or false.
In some architectures memory reporting may be wrong and you may wish to disable memory checks.
This setting can be overridden with the checkmem keyword, where applicable.
source
',5))]),i("details",Os,[i("summary",null,[s[189]||(s[189]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rplot-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.rplot-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rplot")],-1)),s[190]||(s[190]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[191]||(s[191]=t('
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)
raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.
Keywords
  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.
  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.
  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.
  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.
  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().
  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.
  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.
  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.
  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.
  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.
  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.
source
',5))])])}const Hs=l(x,[["render",Ms]]);export{Ys as __pageData,Hs as default};
+read(A::AbstractRasterSeries)

read will move a Rasters.jl object completely to memory.

Keywords

source

`,5))]),i("details",Ls,[i("summary",null,[s[171]||(s[171]=i("a",{id:"Base.skipmissing-Tuple{Raster}",href:"#Base.skipmissing-Tuple{Raster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.skipmissing")],-1)),s[172]||(s[172]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[173]||(s[173]=t('
julia
skipmissing(itr::Raster)

Returns an iterable over the elements in a Raster object, skipping any values equal to either the missingval or missing.

source

',3))]),i("details",Is,[i("summary",null,[s[174]||(s[174]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterSeries}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterSeries}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[175]||(s[175]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[176]||(s[176]=t('
julia
Base.write(filepath::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterSeries; kw...)

Write any AbstractRasterSeries to multiple files, guessing the backend from the file extension.

The lookup values of the series will be appended to the filepath (before the extension), separated by underscores.

All keywords are passed through to these Raster and RasterStack methods.

Keywords

source

',7))]),i("details",zs,[i("summary",null,[s[177]||(s[177]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterStack}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRasterStack}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[178]||(s[178]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[179]||(s[179]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, s::AbstractRasterStack; kw...)

Write any AbstractRasterStack to one or multiple files, depending on the backend. Backend is guessed from the filename extension or forced with the source keyword.

If the source can't be saved as a stack-like object, individual array layers will be saved.

Keywords

Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.

NetCDF keywords

GDAL Keywords

Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html

Source comments

R grd/grid files

Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.

GDAL (tiff, and everything else)

Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.

source

',17))]),i("details",Ps,[i("summary",null,[s[180]||(s[180]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{AbstractString, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[181]||(s[181]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[182]||(s[182]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, A::AbstractRaster; [source], kw...)

Write an AbstractRaster to file, guessing the backend from the file extension or using the source keyword.

Keywords

Other keyword arguments are passed to the write method for the backend.

NetCDF keywords

GDAL Keywords

Valid options for each specific driver can be found at: https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/index.html

Source comments

R grd/grid files

Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file. Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.

GDAL (tiff, and everything else)

Used if you write a Raster with a filename extension that no other backend can write. GDAL is the fallback, and writes a lot of file types, but is not guaranteed to work.

Returns filename.

source

',17))]),i("details",Gs,[i("summary",null,[s[183]||(s[183]=i("a",{id:"Base.write-Tuple{String, Rasters.GRDsource, AbstractRaster}",href:"#Base.write-Tuple{String, Rasters.GRDsource, AbstractRaster}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Base.write")],-1)),s[184]||(s[184]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[185]||(s[185]=t('
julia
Base.write(filename::AbstractString, ::Type{GRDsource}, s::AbstractRaster; kw...)

Write a Raster to a .grd file with a .gri header file.

This method is called automatically if you write a Raster with a .grd or .gri extension.

Keywords

If this method is called directly the extension of filename will be ignored.

Returns the base of filename with a .grd extension.

source

',8))]),i("details",Ns,[i("summary",null,[s[186]||(s[186]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.checkmem!-Tuple{Bool}",href:"#Rasters.checkmem!-Tuple{Bool}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.checkmem!")],-1)),s[187]||(s[187]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[188]||(s[188]=t('
julia
checkmem!(x::Bool)

Set checkmem to true or false.

In some architectures memory reporting may be wrong and you may wish to disable memory checks.

This setting can be overridden with the checkmem keyword, where applicable.

source

',5))]),i("details",Os,[i("summary",null,[s[189]||(s[189]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rplot-Tuple",href:"#Rasters.rplot-Tuple"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rplot")],-1)),s[190]||(s[190]=e()),n(a,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[191]||(s[191]=t('
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)

raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.

Keywords

source

',5))])])}const Hs=l(x,[["render",Ms]]);export{Ys as __pageData,Hs as default}; diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/app.Cl7j2Oce.js b/previews/PR800/assets/app.53u_OBb6.js similarity index 95% rename from previews/PR800/assets/app.Cl7j2Oce.js rename to previews/PR800/assets/app.53u_OBb6.js index 72b0dd92..8684be68 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/assets/app.Cl7j2Oce.js +++ b/previews/PR800/assets/app.53u_OBb6.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -import{R as p}from"./chunks/theme.Crhm6d51.js";import{R as o,a6 as u,a7 as c,a8 as l,a9 as f,aa as d,ab as m,ac as h,ad as g,ae as A,af as v,d as P,u as R,v as w,s as y,ag as C,ah as b,ai as E,a4 as S}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";function i(e){if(e.extends){const a=i(e.extends);return{...a,...e,async enhanceApp(t){a.enhanceApp&&await a.enhanceApp(t),e.enhanceApp&&await e.enhanceApp(t)}}}return e}const s=i(p),T=P({name:"VitePressApp",setup(){const{site:e,lang:a,dir:t}=R();return w(()=>{y(()=>{document.documentElement.lang=a.value,document.documentElement.dir=t.value})}),e.value.router.prefetchLinks&&C(),b(),E(),s.setup&&s.setup(),()=>S(s.Layout)}});async function D(){globalThis.__VITEPRESS__=!0;const e=j(),a=_();a.provide(c,e);const t=l(e.route);return a.provide(f,t),a.component("Content",d),a.component("ClientOnly",m),Object.defineProperties(a.config.globalProperties,{$frontmatter:{get(){return t.frontmatter.value}},$params:{get(){return t.page.value.params}}}),s.enhanceApp&&await s.enhanceApp({app:a,router:e,siteData:h}),{app:a,router:e,data:t}}function _(){return g(T)}function j(){let e=o,a;return A(t=>{let n=v(t),r=null;return n&&(e&&(a=n),(e||a===n)&&(n=n.replace(/\.js$/,".lean.js")),r=import(n)),o&&(e=!1),r},s.NotFound)}o&&D().then(({app:e,router:a,data:t})=>{a.go().then(()=>{u(a.route,t.site),e.mount("#app")})});export{D as createApp}; +import{R as p}from"./chunks/theme.y-k-N8DM.js";import{R as o,a6 as u,a7 as c,a8 as l,a9 as f,aa as d,ab as m,ac as h,ad as g,ae as A,af as v,d as P,u as R,v as w,s as y,ag as C,ah as b,ai as E,a4 as S}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";function i(e){if(e.extends){const a=i(e.extends);return{...a,...e,async enhanceApp(t){a.enhanceApp&&await a.enhanceApp(t),e.enhanceApp&&await e.enhanceApp(t)}}}return e}const s=i(p),T=P({name:"VitePressApp",setup(){const{site:e,lang:a,dir:t}=R();return w(()=>{y(()=>{document.documentElement.lang=a.value,document.documentElement.dir=t.value})}),e.value.router.prefetchLinks&&C(),b(),E(),s.setup&&s.setup(),()=>S(s.Layout)}});async function D(){globalThis.__VITEPRESS__=!0;const e=j(),a=_();a.provide(c,e);const t=l(e.route);return a.provide(f,t),a.component("Content",d),a.component("ClientOnly",m),Object.defineProperties(a.config.globalProperties,{$frontmatter:{get(){return t.frontmatter.value}},$params:{get(){return t.page.value.params}}}),s.enhanceApp&&await s.enhanceApp({app:a,router:e,siteData:h}),{app:a,router:e,data:t}}function _(){return g(T)}function j(){let e=o,a;return A(t=>{let n=v(t),r=null;return n&&(e&&(a=n),(e||a===n)&&(n=n.replace(/\.js$/,".lean.js")),r=import(n)),o&&(e=!1),r},s.NotFound)}o&&D().then(({app:e,router:a,data:t})=>{a.go().then(()=>{u(a.route,t.site),e.mount("#app")})});export{D as createApp}; diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/kwihdup.BPZOvOxi.png b/previews/PR800/assets/bgdqfag.BPZOvOxi.png similarity index 100% rename from previews/PR800/assets/kwihdup.BPZOvOxi.png rename to previews/PR800/assets/bgdqfag.BPZOvOxi.png diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/chunks/@localSearchIndexroot.BI6cvcAk.js b/previews/PR800/assets/chunks/@localSearchIndexroot.BI6cvcAk.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..87f06cd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/previews/PR800/assets/chunks/@localSearchIndexroot.BI6cvcAk.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +const 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Data sources ​

Rasters.jl uses a number of backends to load raster data. Raster, RasterStack and RasterSeries will detect which backend to use for you, automatically.

GRD ​

R GRD files can be loaded natively, using Julias MMap - which means they are very fast, but are not compressed. They are always 3 dimensional, and have Y, X and Band dimensions.

NetCDF ​

NetCDF .nc files are loaded using NCDatasets.jl. Layers from files can be loaded as Raster("filename.nc"; name=:layername). Without name the first layer is used. RasterStack("filename.nc") will use all netcdf variables in the file that are not dimensions as layers.

NetCDF layers can have arbitrary dimensions. Known, common dimension names are converted to X, Y Z, and Ti, otherwise Dim{:layername} is used. Layers in the same file may also have different dimensions.

NetCDF files still have issues loading directly from disk for some operations. Using read(ncstack) may help.

GDAL ​

All files GDAL can access, such as .tiff and .asc files, can be loaded, using ArchGDAL.jl. These are generally best loaded as Raster("filename.tif"), but can be loaded as RasterStack("filename.tif"; layersfrom=Band), taking layers from the Band dimension, which is also the default.

SMAP ​

The Soil Moisture Active-Passive dataset provides global layers of soil moisture, temperature and other related data, in a custom HDF5 format. Layers are always 2 dimensional, with Y and X dimensions.

These can be loaded as multi-layered RasterStack("filename.h5"). Individual layers can be loaded as Raster("filename.h5"; name=:layername), without name the first layer is used.

julia
using Rasters

Missing docstring.

Missing docstring for smapseries. Check Documenter's build log for details.

Writing file formats to disk ​

Files can be written to disk in all formats other than SMAP HDF5 using write("filename.ext", A). See the docs for write. They can (with some caveats) be written to different formats than they were loaded in as, providing file-type conversion for spatial data.

Some metadata may be lost in formats that store little metadata, or where metadata conversion has not been completely implemented.

RasterDataSources.jl integration ​

RasterDataSources.jl standardises the download of common raster data sources, with a focus on datasets used in ecology and the environmental sciences. RasterDataSources.jl is tightly integrated into Rasters.jl, so that datsets and keywords can be used directly to download and load data as a Raster, RasterStack, or RasterSeries.

julia
using Rasters, CairoMakie, Dates
+import{_ as a,c as s,a5 as t,o as i}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/zxvufnv.CBMwZ7qg.png",m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Data sources","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"data_sources.md","filePath":"data_sources.md","lastUpdated":null}'),r={name:"data_sources.md"};function n(d,e,l,c,h,p){return i(),s("div",null,e[0]||(e[0]=[t(`
Data sources ​
Rasters.jl uses a number of backends to load raster data. Raster, RasterStack and RasterSeries will detect which backend to use for you, automatically.
GRD ​
R GRD files can be loaded natively, using Julias MMap - which means they are very fast, but are not compressed. They are always 3 dimensional, and have Y, X and Band dimensions.
NetCDF ​
NetCDF .nc files are loaded using NCDatasets.jl. Layers from files can be loaded as Raster("filename.nc"; name=:layername). Without name the first layer is used. RasterStack("filename.nc") will use all netcdf variables in the file that are not dimensions as layers.
NetCDF layers can have arbitrary dimensions. Known, common dimension names are converted to X, Y Z, and Ti, otherwise Dim{:layername} is used. Layers in the same file may also have different dimensions.
NetCDF files still have issues loading directly from disk for some operations. Using read(ncstack) may help.
GDAL ​
All files GDAL can access, such as .tiff and .asc files, can be loaded, using ArchGDAL.jl. These are generally best loaded as Raster("filename.tif"), but can be loaded as RasterStack("filename.tif"; layersfrom=Band), taking layers from the Band dimension, which is also the default.
SMAP ​
The Soil Moisture Active-Passive dataset provides global layers of soil moisture, temperature and other related data, in a custom HDF5 format. Layers are always 2 dimensional, with Y and X dimensions.
These can be loaded as multi-layered RasterStack("filename.h5"). Individual layers can be loaded as Raster("filename.h5"; name=:layername), without name the first layer is used.
julia
using Rasters
Missing docstring.
Missing docstring for smapseries. Check Documenter's build log for details.
Writing file formats to disk ​
Files can be written to disk in all formats other than SMAP HDF5 using write("filename.ext", A). See the docs for write. They can (with some caveats) be written to different formats than they were loaded in as, providing file-type conversion for spatial data.
Some metadata may be lost in formats that store little metadata, or where metadata conversion has not been completely implemented.
RasterDataSources.jl integration ​
RasterDataSources.jl standardises the download of common raster data sources, with a focus on datasets used in ecology and the environmental sciences. RasterDataSources.jl is tightly integrated into Rasters.jl, so that datsets and keywords can be used directly to download and load data as a Raster, RasterStack, or RasterSeries.
julia
using Rasters, CairoMakie, Dates
 using RasterDataSources
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :tavg; month=June)
 Makie.plot(A)
See the docs for Raster, RasterStack and RasterSeries, and the docs for RasterDataSources.getraster for syntax to specify various data sources.
',23)]))}const k=a(r,[["render",n]]);export{m as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/data_sources.md.Rgk0yRjv.lean.js b/previews/PR800/assets/data_sources.md.DiNgOJfA.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/data_sources.md.Rgk0yRjv.lean.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/data_sources.md.DiNgOJfA.lean.js
index 9e79aa7b..2ff0c35b 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/data_sources.md.Rgk0yRjv.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/data_sources.md.DiNgOJfA.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as a,c as s,a5 as t,o as i}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/vaeggon.CBMwZ7qg.png",m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Data sources","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"data_sources.md","filePath":"data_sources.md","lastUpdated":null}'),r={name:"data_sources.md"};function n(d,e,l,c,h,p){return i(),s("div",null,e[0]||(e[0]=[t(`
Data sources ​
Rasters.jl uses a number of backends to load raster data. Raster, RasterStack and RasterSeries will detect which backend to use for you, automatically.
GRD ​
R GRD files can be loaded natively, using Julias MMap - which means they are very fast, but are not compressed. They are always 3 dimensional, and have Y, X and Band dimensions.
NetCDF ​
NetCDF .nc files are loaded using NCDatasets.jl. Layers from files can be loaded as Raster("filename.nc"; name=:layername). Without name the first layer is used. RasterStack("filename.nc") will use all netcdf variables in the file that are not dimensions as layers.
NetCDF layers can have arbitrary dimensions. Known, common dimension names are converted to X, Y Z, and Ti, otherwise Dim{:layername} is used. Layers in the same file may also have different dimensions.
NetCDF files still have issues loading directly from disk for some operations. Using read(ncstack) may help.
GDAL ​
All files GDAL can access, such as .tiff and .asc files, can be loaded, using ArchGDAL.jl. These are generally best loaded as Raster("filename.tif"), but can be loaded as RasterStack("filename.tif"; layersfrom=Band), taking layers from the Band dimension, which is also the default.
SMAP ​
The Soil Moisture Active-Passive dataset provides global layers of soil moisture, temperature and other related data, in a custom HDF5 format. Layers are always 2 dimensional, with Y and X dimensions.
These can be loaded as multi-layered RasterStack("filename.h5"). Individual layers can be loaded as Raster("filename.h5"; name=:layername), without name the first layer is used.
julia
using Rasters
Missing docstring.
Missing docstring for smapseries. Check Documenter's build log for details.
Writing file formats to disk ​
Files can be written to disk in all formats other than SMAP HDF5 using write("filename.ext", A). See the docs for write. They can (with some caveats) be written to different formats than they were loaded in as, providing file-type conversion for spatial data.
Some metadata may be lost in formats that store little metadata, or where metadata conversion has not been completely implemented.
RasterDataSources.jl integration ​
RasterDataSources.jl standardises the download of common raster data sources, with a focus on datasets used in ecology and the environmental sciences. RasterDataSources.jl is tightly integrated into Rasters.jl, so that datsets and keywords can be used directly to download and load data as a Raster, RasterStack, or RasterSeries.
julia
using Rasters, CairoMakie, Dates
+import{_ as a,c as s,a5 as t,o as i}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/zxvufnv.CBMwZ7qg.png",m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Data sources","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"data_sources.md","filePath":"data_sources.md","lastUpdated":null}'),r={name:"data_sources.md"};function n(d,e,l,c,h,p){return i(),s("div",null,e[0]||(e[0]=[t(`
Data sources ​
Rasters.jl uses a number of backends to load raster data. Raster, RasterStack and RasterSeries will detect which backend to use for you, automatically.
GRD ​
R GRD files can be loaded natively, using Julias MMap - which means they are very fast, but are not compressed. They are always 3 dimensional, and have Y, X and Band dimensions.
NetCDF ​
NetCDF .nc files are loaded using NCDatasets.jl. Layers from files can be loaded as Raster("filename.nc"; name=:layername). Without name the first layer is used. RasterStack("filename.nc") will use all netcdf variables in the file that are not dimensions as layers.
NetCDF layers can have arbitrary dimensions. Known, common dimension names are converted to X, Y Z, and Ti, otherwise Dim{:layername} is used. Layers in the same file may also have different dimensions.
NetCDF files still have issues loading directly from disk for some operations. Using read(ncstack) may help.
GDAL ​
All files GDAL can access, such as .tiff and .asc files, can be loaded, using ArchGDAL.jl. These are generally best loaded as Raster("filename.tif"), but can be loaded as RasterStack("filename.tif"; layersfrom=Band), taking layers from the Band dimension, which is also the default.
SMAP ​
The Soil Moisture Active-Passive dataset provides global layers of soil moisture, temperature and other related data, in a custom HDF5 format. Layers are always 2 dimensional, with Y and X dimensions.
These can be loaded as multi-layered RasterStack("filename.h5"). Individual layers can be loaded as Raster("filename.h5"; name=:layername), without name the first layer is used.
julia
using Rasters
Missing docstring.
Missing docstring for smapseries. Check Documenter's build log for details.
Writing file formats to disk ​
Files can be written to disk in all formats other than SMAP HDF5 using write("filename.ext", A). See the docs for write. They can (with some caveats) be written to different formats than they were loaded in as, providing file-type conversion for spatial data.
Some metadata may be lost in formats that store little metadata, or where metadata conversion has not been completely implemented.
RasterDataSources.jl integration ​
RasterDataSources.jl standardises the download of common raster data sources, with a focus on datasets used in ecology and the environmental sciences. RasterDataSources.jl is tightly integrated into Rasters.jl, so that datsets and keywords can be used directly to download and load data as a Raster, RasterStack, or RasterSeries.
julia
using Rasters, CairoMakie, Dates
 using RasterDataSources
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :tavg; month=June)
 Makie.plot(A)
See the docs for Raster, RasterStack and RasterSeries, and the docs for RasterDataSources.getraster for syntax to specify various data sources.
',23)]))}const k=a(r,[["render",n]]);export{m as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/dciuddq.DdtYyM8O.png b/previews/PR800/assets/dciuddq.DdtYyM8O.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c5f7274
Binary files /dev/null and b/previews/PR800/assets/dciuddq.DdtYyM8O.png differ
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/vgpyavh.8o5RdXOt.png b/previews/PR800/assets/eympwzi.8o5RdXOt.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/vgpyavh.8o5RdXOt.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/eympwzi.8o5RdXOt.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CkT2Rbvf.js b/previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CAXtS9zz.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CkT2Rbvf.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CAXtS9zz.js
index fff9311c..7e279704 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CkT2Rbvf.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CAXtS9zz.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/kolpjjy.CVwZE_Z9.png",c=JSON.parse('{"title":"GBIF workflow","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"gbif_wflow.md","filePath":"gbif_wflow.md","lastUpdated":null}'),p={name:"gbif_wflow.md"};function e(o,s,h,k,r,d){return l(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
GBIF workflow ​
In this example, we'll load occurrences for the Mountain Pygmy Possum species using GBIF2.jl, an interface to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and extract environmental variables using BioClim data from RasterDataSources.jl.
Load GBIF species data ​
julia
using Rasters, GBIF2
+import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rkvbhbj.C5EV6zqa.png",c=JSON.parse('{"title":"GBIF workflow","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"gbif_wflow.md","filePath":"gbif_wflow.md","lastUpdated":null}'),p={name:"gbif_wflow.md"};function e(o,s,h,k,r,d){return l(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
GBIF workflow ​
In this example, we'll load occurrences for the Mountain Pygmy Possum species using GBIF2.jl, an interface to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and extract environmental variables using BioClim data from RasterDataSources.jl.
Load GBIF species data ​
julia
using Rasters, GBIF2
 using RasterDataSources
 const RS = Rasters
Rasters
julia
records = GBIF2.occurrence_search("Burramys parvus"; limit=300)
300-element GBIF2.Table{GBIF2.Occurrence, JSON3.Array{JSON3.Object, Vector{UInt8}, SubArray{UInt64, 1, Vector{UInt64}, Tuple{UnitRange{Int64}}, true}}}┌──────────────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┬───────────
 │                 geometry │    year │   month │     day │  kingdom │   phylum ⋯
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CkT2Rbvf.lean.js b/previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CAXtS9zz.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CkT2Rbvf.lean.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CAXtS9zz.lean.js
index fff9311c..7e279704 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CkT2Rbvf.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/gbif_wflow.md.CAXtS9zz.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/kolpjjy.CVwZE_Z9.png",c=JSON.parse('{"title":"GBIF workflow","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"gbif_wflow.md","filePath":"gbif_wflow.md","lastUpdated":null}'),p={name:"gbif_wflow.md"};function e(o,s,h,k,r,d){return l(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
GBIF workflow ​
In this example, we'll load occurrences for the Mountain Pygmy Possum species using GBIF2.jl, an interface to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and extract environmental variables using BioClim data from RasterDataSources.jl.
Load GBIF species data ​
julia
using Rasters, GBIF2
+import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rkvbhbj.C5EV6zqa.png",c=JSON.parse('{"title":"GBIF workflow","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"gbif_wflow.md","filePath":"gbif_wflow.md","lastUpdated":null}'),p={name:"gbif_wflow.md"};function e(o,s,h,k,r,d){return l(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
GBIF workflow ​
In this example, we'll load occurrences for the Mountain Pygmy Possum species using GBIF2.jl, an interface to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and extract environmental variables using BioClim data from RasterDataSources.jl.
Load GBIF species data ​
julia
using Rasters, GBIF2
 using RasterDataSources
 const RS = Rasters
Rasters
julia
records = GBIF2.occurrence_search("Burramys parvus"; limit=300)
300-element GBIF2.Table{GBIF2.Occurrence, JSON3.Array{JSON3.Object, Vector{UInt8}, SubArray{UInt64, 1, Vector{UInt64}, Tuple{UnitRange{Int64}}, true}}}┌──────────────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┬───────────
 │                 geometry │    year │   month │     day │  kingdom │   phylum ⋯
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.DDRbUhQA.lean.js b/previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.B_tjWWbY.js
similarity index 60%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.DDRbUhQA.lean.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.B_tjWWbY.js
index 38ff5f95..a5c72308 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.DDRbUhQA.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.B_tjWWbY.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/pugeeeb.DojgcnZi.png",g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Quick start","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"get_started.md","filePath":"get_started.md","lastUpdated":null}'),p={name:"get_started.md"};function l(h,s,d,k,r,o){return e(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
Quick start ​
Install the package by typing: ​
julia
] 
+import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/ikrrbuk.DojgcnZi.png",g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Quick start","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"get_started.md","filePath":"get_started.md","lastUpdated":null}'),p={name:"get_started.md"};function l(h,s,d,k,r,o){return e(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
Quick start ​
Install the package by typing: ​
julia
] 
 add Rasters
then do
julia
using Rasters
Using Rasters to read GeoTiff or NetCDF files will output something similar to the following toy examples. This is possible because Rasters.jl extends DimensionalData.jl so that spatial data can be indexed using named dimensions like X, Y and Ti (time) and e.g. spatial coordinates.
julia
using Rasters, Dates
 
 lon, lat = X(25:1:30), Y(25:1:30)
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
 
 └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 [:, :, 1]
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
Getting the lookup array from dimensions ​
julia
lon = lookup(ras, X) # if X is longitude
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
Getting the lookup array from dimensions ​
julia
lon = lookup(ras, X) # if X is longitude
 lat = lookup(ras, Y) # if Y is latitude
Sampled{Int64} ForwardOrdered Regular Points
 wrapping: 25:1:30
Select by index ​
Selecting a time slice by index is done via
julia
ras[Ti(1)]
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6 Raster{Float64,2} │
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
   extent: Extent(X = (25, 30), Y = (25, 30))
 
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
also
julia
ras[Ti=1]
╭───────────────────────╮
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
also
julia
ras[Ti=1]
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6 Raster{Float64,2} │
 ├───────────────────────┴───────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X Sampled{Int64} 25:1:30 ForwardOrdered Regular Points,
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
   extent: Extent(X = (25, 30), Y = (25, 30))
 
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
or and interval of indices using the syntax =a:b or (a:b)
julia
ras[Ti(1:10)]
╭──────────────────────────╮
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
or and interval of indices using the syntax =a:b or (a:b)
julia
ras[Ti(1:10)]
╭──────────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6×10 Raster{Float64,3} │
 ├──────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X  Sampled{Int64} 25:1:30 ForwardOrdered Regular Points,
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
 
 └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 [:, :, 1]
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
Select by value ​
julia
ras[Ti=At(DateTime(2001))]
╭───────────────────────╮
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
Select by value ​
julia
ras[Ti=At(DateTime(2001))]
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6 Raster{Float64,2} │
 ├───────────────────────┴───────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X Sampled{Int64} 25:1:30 ForwardOrdered Regular Points,
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
   extent: Extent(X = (25, 30), Y = (25, 30))
 
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
More options are available, like Near, Contains and Where.
Dimensions
Rasters uses X, Y, and Z dimensions from DimensionalData to represent spatial directions like longitude, latitude and the vertical dimension, and subset data with them. Ti is used for time, and Band represent bands. Other dimensions can have arbitrary names, but will be treated generically. See DimensionalData for more details on how they work.
Lookup Arrays
These specify properties of the index associated with e.g. the X and Y dimension. Rasters.jl defines additional lookup arrays: Projected to handle dimensions with projections, and Mapped where the projection is mapped to another projection like EPSG(4326). Mapped is largely designed to handle NetCDF dimensions, especially with Explicit spans.
Subsetting an object ​
Regular getindex (e.g. A[1:100, :]) and view work on all objects just as with an Array. view is always lazy, and reads from disk are deferred until getindex is used. DimensionalData.jl Dimensions and Selectors are the other way to subset an object, making use of the objects index to find values at e.g. certain X/Y coordinates. The available selectors are listed here:
SelectorsDescription
At(x)get the index exactly matching the passed in value(s).
Near(x)get the closest index to the passed in value(s).
Where(f::Function)filter the array axis by a function of the dimension index values.
a..b/Between(a, b)get all indices between two values, excluding the high value.
Contains(x)get indices where the value x falls within an interval.
Info
  • Use the .. selector to take a view of madagascar:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
More options are available, like Near, Contains and Where.
Dimensions
Rasters uses X, Y, and Z dimensions from DimensionalData to represent spatial directions like longitude, latitude and the vertical dimension, and subset data with them. Ti is used for time, and Band represent bands. Other dimensions can have arbitrary names, but will be treated generically. See DimensionalData for more details on how they work.
Lookup Arrays
These specify properties of the index associated with e.g. the X and Y dimension. Rasters.jl defines additional lookup arrays: Projected to handle dimensions with projections, and Mapped where the projection is mapped to another projection like EPSG(4326). Mapped is largely designed to handle NetCDF dimensions, especially with Explicit spans.
Subsetting an object ​
Regular getindex (e.g. A[1:100, :]) and view work on all objects just as with an Array. view is always lazy, and reads from disk are deferred until getindex is used. DimensionalData.jl Dimensions and Selectors are the other way to subset an object, making use of the objects index to find values at e.g. certain X/Y coordinates. The available selectors are listed here:
SelectorsDescription
At(x)get the index exactly matching the passed in value(s).
Near(x)get the closest index to the passed in value(s).
Where(f::Function)filter the array axis by a function of the dimension index values.
a..b/Between(a, b)get all indices between two values, excluding the high value.
Contains(x)get indices where the value x falls within an interval.
Info
  • Use the .. selector to take a view of madagascar:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
 const RS = Rasters
 using CairoMakie
 CairoMakie.activate!()
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.DDRbUhQA.js b/previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.B_tjWWbY.lean.js
similarity index 60%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.DDRbUhQA.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.B_tjWWbY.lean.js
index 38ff5f95..a5c72308 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.DDRbUhQA.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/get_started.md.B_tjWWbY.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/pugeeeb.DojgcnZi.png",g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Quick start","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"get_started.md","filePath":"get_started.md","lastUpdated":null}'),p={name:"get_started.md"};function l(h,s,d,k,r,o){return e(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
Quick start ​
Install the package by typing: ​
julia
] 
+import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/ikrrbuk.DojgcnZi.png",g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Quick start","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"get_started.md","filePath":"get_started.md","lastUpdated":null}'),p={name:"get_started.md"};function l(h,s,d,k,r,o){return e(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
Quick start ​
Install the package by typing: ​
julia
] 
 add Rasters
then do
julia
using Rasters
Using Rasters to read GeoTiff or NetCDF files will output something similar to the following toy examples. This is possible because Rasters.jl extends DimensionalData.jl so that spatial data can be indexed using named dimensions like X, Y and Ti (time) and e.g. spatial coordinates.
julia
using Rasters, Dates
 
 lon, lat = X(25:1:30), Y(25:1:30)
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
 
 └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 [:, :, 1]
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
Getting the lookup array from dimensions ​
julia
lon = lookup(ras, X) # if X is longitude
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
Getting the lookup array from dimensions ​
julia
lon = lookup(ras, X) # if X is longitude
 lat = lookup(ras, Y) # if Y is latitude
Sampled{Int64} ForwardOrdered Regular Points
 wrapping: 25:1:30
Select by index ​
Selecting a time slice by index is done via
julia
ras[Ti(1)]
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6 Raster{Float64,2} │
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
   extent: Extent(X = (25, 30), Y = (25, 30))
 
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
also
julia
ras[Ti=1]
╭───────────────────────╮
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
also
julia
ras[Ti=1]
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6 Raster{Float64,2} │
 ├───────────────────────┴───────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X Sampled{Int64} 25:1:30 ForwardOrdered Regular Points,
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
   extent: Extent(X = (25, 30), Y = (25, 30))
 
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
or and interval of indices using the syntax =a:b or (a:b)
julia
ras[Ti(1:10)]
╭──────────────────────────╮
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
or and interval of indices using the syntax =a:b or (a:b)
julia
ras[Ti(1:10)]
╭──────────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6×10 Raster{Float64,3} │
 ├──────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X  Sampled{Int64} 25:1:30 ForwardOrdered Regular Points,
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
 
 └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 [:, :, 1]
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
Select by value ​
julia
ras[Ti=At(DateTime(2001))]
╭───────────────────────╮
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
Select by value ​
julia
ras[Ti=At(DateTime(2001))]
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6 Raster{Float64,2} │
 ├───────────────────────┴───────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X Sampled{Int64} 25:1:30 ForwardOrdered Regular Points,
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const t
   extent: Extent(X = (25, 30), Y = (25, 30))
 
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533
More options are available, like Near, Contains and Where.
Dimensions
Rasters uses X, Y, and Z dimensions from DimensionalData to represent spatial directions like longitude, latitude and the vertical dimension, and subset data with them. Ti is used for time, and Band represent bands. Other dimensions can have arbitrary names, but will be treated generically. See DimensionalData for more details on how they work.
Lookup Arrays
These specify properties of the index associated with e.g. the X and Y dimension. Rasters.jl defines additional lookup arrays: Projected to handle dimensions with projections, and Mapped where the projection is mapped to another projection like EPSG(4326). Mapped is largely designed to handle NetCDF dimensions, especially with Explicit spans.
Subsetting an object ​
Regular getindex (e.g. A[1:100, :]) and view work on all objects just as with an Array. view is always lazy, and reads from disk are deferred until getindex is used. DimensionalData.jl Dimensions and Selectors are the other way to subset an object, making use of the objects index to find values at e.g. certain X/Y coordinates. The available selectors are listed here:
SelectorsDescription
At(x)get the index exactly matching the passed in value(s).
Near(x)get the closest index to the passed in value(s).
Where(f::Function)filter the array axis by a function of the dimension index values.
a..b/Between(a, b)get all indices between two values, excluding the high value.
Contains(x)get indices where the value x falls within an interval.
Info
  • Use the .. selector to take a view of madagascar:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274
More options are available, like Near, Contains and Where.
Dimensions
Rasters uses X, Y, and Z dimensions from DimensionalData to represent spatial directions like longitude, latitude and the vertical dimension, and subset data with them. Ti is used for time, and Band represent bands. Other dimensions can have arbitrary names, but will be treated generically. See DimensionalData for more details on how they work.
Lookup Arrays
These specify properties of the index associated with e.g. the X and Y dimension. Rasters.jl defines additional lookup arrays: Projected to handle dimensions with projections, and Mapped where the projection is mapped to another projection like EPSG(4326). Mapped is largely designed to handle NetCDF dimensions, especially with Explicit spans.
Subsetting an object ​
Regular getindex (e.g. A[1:100, :]) and view work on all objects just as with an Array. view is always lazy, and reads from disk are deferred until getindex is used. DimensionalData.jl Dimensions and Selectors are the other way to subset an object, making use of the objects index to find values at e.g. certain X/Y coordinates. The available selectors are listed here:
SelectorsDescription
At(x)get the index exactly matching the passed in value(s).
Near(x)get the closest index to the passed in value(s).
Where(f::Function)filter the array axis by a function of the dimension index values.
a..b/Between(a, b)get all indices between two values, excluding the high value.
Contains(x)get indices where the value x falls within an interval.
Info
  • Use the .. selector to take a view of madagascar:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
 const RS = Rasters
 using CairoMakie
 CairoMakie.activate!()
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/xocqfuw.B2QjG_n4.png b/previews/PR800/assets/igtwdmj.B2QjG_n4.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/xocqfuw.B2QjG_n4.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/igtwdmj.B2QjG_n4.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/pugeeeb.DojgcnZi.png b/previews/PR800/assets/ikrrbuk.DojgcnZi.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/pugeeeb.DojgcnZi.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/ikrrbuk.DojgcnZi.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/lydhopk.D9tQTCLW.png b/previews/PR800/assets/jgjuovf.D9tQTCLW.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/lydhopk.D9tQTCLW.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/jgjuovf.D9tQTCLW.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/rphqroy.Dw_eTAB7.png b/previews/PR800/assets/jvbnatg.Dw_eTAB7.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/rphqroy.Dw_eTAB7.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/jvbnatg.Dw_eTAB7.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/zcafhcs.BsE3Kr89.png b/previews/PR800/assets/jzchtuf.BsE3Kr89.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/zcafhcs.BsE3Kr89.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/jzchtuf.BsE3Kr89.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/wrizdcy.oyWWmvC1.png b/previews/PR800/assets/khhivpk.oyWWmvC1.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/wrizdcy.oyWWmvC1.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/khhivpk.oyWWmvC1.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/ybqastg.Djo3H46f.png b/previews/PR800/assets/kiunmni.Djo3H46f.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/ybqastg.Djo3H46f.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/kiunmni.Djo3H46f.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/kolpjjy.CVwZE_Z9.png b/previews/PR800/assets/kolpjjy.CVwZE_Z9.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f46062e..00000000
Binary files a/previews/PR800/assets/kolpjjy.CVwZE_Z9.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.67kD4dPf.js b/previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.D1FlA7d6.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.67kD4dPf.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.D1FlA7d6.js
index 08ccc303..86ca229c 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.67kD4dPf.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.D1FlA7d6.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as n,c as e,a5 as a,j as i,a as l,G as h,B as p,o as k}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const r="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mtvepoh.ALj2aDbZ.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rphqroy.Dw_eTAB7.png",o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/xocqfuw.B2QjG_n4.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rplot.CwrU8Sen.mp4",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/aus_trim.B4Z7jnS4.png",D=JSON.parse('{"title":"reset theme","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"plot_makie.md","filePath":"plot_makie.md","lastUpdated":null}'),c={name:"plot_makie.md"},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function F(u,s,C,m,b,f){const t=p("Badge");return k(),e("div",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a(`
Plotting in Makie ​
Plotting in Makie works somewhat differently than Plots, since the recipe system is different. You can pass a 2-D raster to any surface-like function (heatmap, contour, contourf, or even surface for a 3D plot) with ease.
2-D rasters in Makie ​
julia
using CairoMakie, Makie
+import{_ as n,c as e,a5 as a,j as i,a as l,G as h,B as p,o as k}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const r="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/szgtxlr.ALj2aDbZ.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/jvbnatg.Dw_eTAB7.png",o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/igtwdmj.B2QjG_n4.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rplot.CwrU8Sen.mp4",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/aus_trim.B4Z7jnS4.png",D=JSON.parse('{"title":"reset theme","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"plot_makie.md","filePath":"plot_makie.md","lastUpdated":null}'),c={name:"plot_makie.md"},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function F(u,s,C,m,b,f){const t=p("Badge");return k(),e("div",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a(`
Plotting in Makie ​
Plotting in Makie works somewhat differently than Plots, since the recipe system is different. You can pass a 2-D raster to any surface-like function (heatmap, contour, contourf, or even surface for a 3D plot) with ease.
2-D rasters in Makie ​
julia
using CairoMakie, Makie
 using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL
 A = Raster(WorldClim{BioClim}, 5) # this is a 3D raster, so is not accepted.
╭──────────────────────────────────╮
 │ 2160×1080 Raster{Float32,2} bio5 │
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import{_ as n,c as e,a5 as a,j as i,a as l,G as h,B as p,o as k}from"./chunks/fr
 )
 record(fig, "rplot.mp4", 1:12; framerate = 3) do i
     stack_obs[] = RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month = i)
-end
"rplot.mp4"
julia
Makie.set_theme!() # reset theme
',25)),i("details",y,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rplot",href:"#Rasters.rplot"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rplot")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=l()),h(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=a('
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)
raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.
Keywords
  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.
  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.
  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.
  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.
  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().
  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.
  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.
  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.
  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.
  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.
  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.
source
',5))]),s[4]||(s[4]=a(`
Using vanilla Makie ​
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
The data
julia
layers = (:evenness, :range, :contrast, :correlation)
+end
"rplot.mp4"
julia
Makie.set_theme!() # reset theme
',25)),i("details",y,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rplot",href:"#Rasters.rplot"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rplot")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=l()),h(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=a('
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)
raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.
Keywords
  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.
  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.
  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.
  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.
  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().
  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.
  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.
  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.
  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.
  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.
  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.
source
',5))]),s[4]||(s[4]=a(`
Using vanilla Makie ​
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
The data
julia
layers = (:evenness, :range, :contrast, :correlation)
 st = RasterStack(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, layers)
 ausbounds = X(100 .. 160), Y(-50 .. -10) # Roughly cut out australia
 aus = st[ausbounds...] |> Rasters.trim
╭─────────────────────╮
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.67kD4dPf.lean.js b/previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.D1FlA7d6.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.67kD4dPf.lean.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.D1FlA7d6.lean.js
index 08ccc303..86ca229c 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.67kD4dPf.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/plot_makie.md.D1FlA7d6.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as n,c as e,a5 as a,j as i,a as l,G as h,B as p,o as k}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const r="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/mtvepoh.ALj2aDbZ.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rphqroy.Dw_eTAB7.png",o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/xocqfuw.B2QjG_n4.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rplot.CwrU8Sen.mp4",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/aus_trim.B4Z7jnS4.png",D=JSON.parse('{"title":"reset theme","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"plot_makie.md","filePath":"plot_makie.md","lastUpdated":null}'),c={name:"plot_makie.md"},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function F(u,s,C,m,b,f){const t=p("Badge");return k(),e("div",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a(`
Plotting in Makie ​
Plotting in Makie works somewhat differently than Plots, since the recipe system is different. You can pass a 2-D raster to any surface-like function (heatmap, contour, contourf, or even surface for a 3D plot) with ease.
2-D rasters in Makie ​
julia
using CairoMakie, Makie
+import{_ as n,c as e,a5 as a,j as i,a as l,G as h,B as p,o as k}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const r="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/szgtxlr.ALj2aDbZ.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/jvbnatg.Dw_eTAB7.png",o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/igtwdmj.B2QjG_n4.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rplot.CwrU8Sen.mp4",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/aus_trim.B4Z7jnS4.png",D=JSON.parse('{"title":"reset theme","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"plot_makie.md","filePath":"plot_makie.md","lastUpdated":null}'),c={name:"plot_makie.md"},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function F(u,s,C,m,b,f){const t=p("Badge");return k(),e("div",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a(`
Plotting in Makie ​
Plotting in Makie works somewhat differently than Plots, since the recipe system is different. You can pass a 2-D raster to any surface-like function (heatmap, contour, contourf, or even surface for a 3D plot) with ease.
2-D rasters in Makie ​
julia
using CairoMakie, Makie
 using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL
 A = Raster(WorldClim{BioClim}, 5) # this is a 3D raster, so is not accepted.
╭──────────────────────────────────╮
 │ 2160×1080 Raster{Float32,2} bio5 │
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import{_ as n,c as e,a5 as a,j as i,a as l,G as h,B as p,o as k}from"./chunks/fr
 )
 record(fig, "rplot.mp4", 1:12; framerate = 3) do i
     stack_obs[] = RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month = i)
-end
"rplot.mp4"
julia
Makie.set_theme!() # reset theme
',25)),i("details",y,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rplot",href:"#Rasters.rplot"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rplot")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=l()),h(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=a('
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)
raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.
Keywords
  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.
  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.
  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.
  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.
  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().
  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.
  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.
  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.
  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.
  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.
  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.
source
',5))]),s[4]||(s[4]=a(`
Using vanilla Makie ​
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
The data
julia
layers = (:evenness, :range, :contrast, :correlation)
+end
"rplot.mp4"
julia
Makie.set_theme!() # reset theme
',25)),i("details",y,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"Rasters.rplot",href:"#Rasters.rplot"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.rplot")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=l()),h(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=a('
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)
raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.
Keywords
  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.
  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.
  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.
  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.
  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.
  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().
  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.
  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.
  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.
  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.
  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.
  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.
  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.
source
',5))]),s[4]||(s[4]=a(`
Using vanilla Makie ​
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
The data
julia
layers = (:evenness, :range, :contrast, :correlation)
 st = RasterStack(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, layers)
 ausbounds = X(100 .. 160), Y(-50 .. -10) # Roughly cut out australia
 aus = st[ausbounds...] |> Rasters.trim
╭─────────────────────╮
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.BR5BBklN.js b/previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.Cp8KBLhp.js
similarity index 98%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.BR5BBklN.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.Cp8KBLhp.js
index a1c30910..093bf4cd 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.BR5BBklN.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.Cp8KBLhp.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as t}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const e="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/wrizdcy.oyWWmvC1.png",p="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/grjxpva.BRgQ_uqM.png",l="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/pzpmiye.2YhfOv1i.png",h="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/snpuzzk.CO0mgiME.png",k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/zcafhcs.BsE3Kr89.png",o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/tzgtvbi.CVxd1wxn.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/kwihdup.BPZOvOxi.png",r="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/ybqastg.Djo3H46f.png",c="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/wuznzvi.CUldC_pQ.png",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/vgpyavh.8o5RdXOt.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/lydhopk.D9tQTCLW.png",u="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rtguujd.H6rBHY04.png",D=JSON.parse('{"title":"","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"plotting.md","filePath":"plotting.md","lastUpdated":null}'),y={name:"plotting.md"};function m(F,s,C,v,b,q){return t(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
Plots, simple ​
Plots.jl and Makie.jl are fully supported by Rasters.jl, with recipes for plotting Raster and RasterStack provided. plot will plot a heatmap with axes matching dimension values. If mappedcrs is used, converted values will be shown on axes instead of the underlying crs values. contourf will similarly plot a filled contour plot.
Pixel resolution is limited to allow loading very large files quickly. max_res specifies the maximum pixel resolution to show on the longest axis of the array. It can be set manually to change the resolution (e.g. for large or high-quality plots):
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
+import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as t}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const e="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/khhivpk.oyWWmvC1.png",p="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/vkxddvq.BRgQ_uqM.png",l="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/xhkeuwz.2YhfOv1i.png",h="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/tqdscwa.CO0mgiME.png",k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/jzchtuf.BsE3Kr89.png",o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/aaheudt.CVxd1wxn.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/bgdqfag.BPZOvOxi.png",r="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/kiunmni.Djo3H46f.png",c="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/wnsbdrj.CUldC_pQ.png",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/eympwzi.8o5RdXOt.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/jgjuovf.D9tQTCLW.png",u="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/xtsuerf.H6rBHY04.png",D=JSON.parse('{"title":"","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"plotting.md","filePath":"plotting.md","lastUpdated":null}'),y={name:"plotting.md"};function m(F,s,C,v,b,q){return t(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
Plots, simple ​
Plots.jl and Makie.jl are fully supported by Rasters.jl, with recipes for plotting Raster and RasterStack provided. plot will plot a heatmap with axes matching dimension values. If mappedcrs is used, converted values will be shown on axes instead of the underlying crs values. contourf will similarly plot a filled contour plot.
Pixel resolution is limited to allow loading very large files quickly. max_res specifies the maximum pixel resolution to show on the longest axis of the array. It can be set manually to change the resolution (e.g. for large or high-quality plots):
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{BioClim}, 5)
 plot(A; max_res=3000)
For Makie, plot functions in a similar way. plot will only accept two-dimensional rasters. You can invoke contour, contourf, heatmap, surface or any Makie plotting function which supports surface-like data on a 2D raster.
To obtain tiled plots for 3D rasters and RasterStacks, use the function Rasters.rplot([gridposition], raster; kw_args...). This is an unexported function, since we're not sure how the API will change going forward.
Makie, simple ​
julia
using CairoMakie
 CairoMakie.activate!(px_per_unit = 2)
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.BR5BBklN.lean.js b/previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.Cp8KBLhp.lean.js
similarity index 98%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.BR5BBklN.lean.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.Cp8KBLhp.lean.js
index a1c30910..093bf4cd 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.BR5BBklN.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/plotting.md.Cp8KBLhp.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as t}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const e="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/wrizdcy.oyWWmvC1.png",p="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/grjxpva.BRgQ_uqM.png",l="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/pzpmiye.2YhfOv1i.png",h="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/snpuzzk.CO0mgiME.png",k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/zcafhcs.BsE3Kr89.png",o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/tzgtvbi.CVxd1wxn.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/kwihdup.BPZOvOxi.png",r="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/ybqastg.Djo3H46f.png",c="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/wuznzvi.CUldC_pQ.png",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/vgpyavh.8o5RdXOt.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/lydhopk.D9tQTCLW.png",u="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/rtguujd.H6rBHY04.png",D=JSON.parse('{"title":"","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"plotting.md","filePath":"plotting.md","lastUpdated":null}'),y={name:"plotting.md"};function m(F,s,C,v,b,q){return t(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
Plots, simple ​
Plots.jl and Makie.jl are fully supported by Rasters.jl, with recipes for plotting Raster and RasterStack provided. plot will plot a heatmap with axes matching dimension values. If mappedcrs is used, converted values will be shown on axes instead of the underlying crs values. contourf will similarly plot a filled contour plot.
Pixel resolution is limited to allow loading very large files quickly. max_res specifies the maximum pixel resolution to show on the longest axis of the array. It can be set manually to change the resolution (e.g. for large or high-quality plots):
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
+import{_ as a,c as i,a5 as n,o as t}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const e="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/khhivpk.oyWWmvC1.png",p="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/vkxddvq.BRgQ_uqM.png",l="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/xhkeuwz.2YhfOv1i.png",h="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/tqdscwa.CO0mgiME.png",k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/jzchtuf.BsE3Kr89.png",o="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/aaheudt.CVxd1wxn.png",d="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/bgdqfag.BPZOvOxi.png",r="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/kiunmni.Djo3H46f.png",c="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/wnsbdrj.CUldC_pQ.png",g="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/eympwzi.8o5RdXOt.png",E="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/jgjuovf.D9tQTCLW.png",u="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/xtsuerf.H6rBHY04.png",D=JSON.parse('{"title":"","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"plotting.md","filePath":"plotting.md","lastUpdated":null}'),y={name:"plotting.md"};function m(F,s,C,v,b,q){return t(),i("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[n(`
Plots, simple ​
Plots.jl and Makie.jl are fully supported by Rasters.jl, with recipes for plotting Raster and RasterStack provided. plot will plot a heatmap with axes matching dimension values. If mappedcrs is used, converted values will be shown on axes instead of the underlying crs values. contourf will similarly plot a filled contour plot.
Pixel resolution is limited to allow loading very large files quickly. max_res specifies the maximum pixel resolution to show on the longest axis of the array. It can be set manually to change the resolution (e.g. for large or high-quality plots):
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{BioClim}, 5)
 plot(A; max_res=3000)
For Makie, plot functions in a similar way. plot will only accept two-dimensional rasters. You can invoke contour, contourf, heatmap, surface or any Makie plotting function which supports surface-like data on a 2D raster.
To obtain tiled plots for 3D rasters and RasterStacks, use the function Rasters.rplot([gridposition], raster; kw_args...). This is an unexported function, since we're not sure how the API will change going forward.
Makie, simple ​
julia
using CairoMakie
 CairoMakie.activate!(px_per_unit = 2)
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/rkvbhbj.C5EV6zqa.png b/previews/PR800/assets/rkvbhbj.C5EV6zqa.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61c3653e
Binary files /dev/null and b/previews/PR800/assets/rkvbhbj.C5EV6zqa.png differ
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/mtvepoh.ALj2aDbZ.png b/previews/PR800/assets/szgtxlr.ALj2aDbZ.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/mtvepoh.ALj2aDbZ.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/szgtxlr.ALj2aDbZ.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/snpuzzk.CO0mgiME.png b/previews/PR800/assets/tqdscwa.CO0mgiME.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/snpuzzk.CO0mgiME.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/tqdscwa.CO0mgiME.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.C_W3YIyf.js b/previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.Cr47Fy1Q.js
similarity index 76%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.C_W3YIyf.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.Cr47Fy1Q.js
index 1cb9015f..b6bf2952 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.C_W3YIyf.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.Cr47Fy1Q.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as n,c as p,j as a,a as i,G as l,a5 as e,B as h,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/wjpjnzq.DmJuxPXF.png",F=JSON.parse('{"title":"cellarea tutorial","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md","filePath":"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md","lastUpdated":null}'),d={name:"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md"},o={class:"jldocstring custom-block"};function c(g,s,u,y,E,C){const t=h("Badge");return r(),p("div",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a("h1",{id:"cellarea-tutorial",tabindex:"-1"},[a("code",null,"cellarea"),i(" tutorial "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#cellarea-tutorial","aria-label":'Permalink to "`cellarea` tutorial {#cellarea-tutorial}"'},"​")],-1)),a("details",o,[a("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=a("a",{id:"Rasters.cellarea-tutorials-methods-cellarea",href:"#Rasters.cellarea-tutorials-methods-cellarea"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.cellarea")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=i()),l(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
+import{_ as t,c as p,j as a,a as i,G as l,a5 as e,B as h,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/dciuddq.DdtYyM8O.png",m=JSON.parse('{"title":"cellarea tutorial","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md","filePath":"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md","lastUpdated":null}'),d={name:"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md"},o={class:"jldocstring custom-block"};function c(g,s,y,u,E,C){const n=h("Badge");return r(),p("div",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a("h1",{id:"cellarea-tutorial",tabindex:"-1"},[a("code",null,"cellarea"),i(" tutorial "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#cellarea-tutorial","aria-label":'Permalink to "`cellarea` tutorial {#cellarea-tutorial}"'},"​")],-1)),a("details",o,[a("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=a("a",{id:"Rasters.cellarea-tutorials-methods-cellarea",href:"#Rasters.cellarea-tutorials-methods-cellarea"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.cellarea")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=i()),l(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
 xdim = X(Projected(90.0:10.0:120; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 ydim = Y(Projected(0.0:10.0:50; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 myraster = rand(xdim, ydim)
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ import{_ as n,c as p,j as a,a as i,G as l,a5 as e,B as h,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
   90.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  100.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  110.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
- 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,9))]),s[4]||(s[4]=e(`
cellarea computes the area of each cell in a raster. This is useful for a number of reasons - if you have a variable like population per cell, or elevation (spatially extensive variables), you'll want to account for the fact that different cells have different areas.
cellarea returns a Raster with the same x and y dimensions as the input, where each value in the raster encodes the area of the cell (in meters by default).
You can specify whether you want to compute the area in the plane of your projection (Planar()), on a sphere of some radius (Spherical(; radius=...)). <!– or on an ellipsoid (Geodetic()), using the first argument.–>
Let's construct a raster and see what this looks like! We'll keep it in memory.
The spherical <!– and geodetic –> method relies on the Proj.jl package to perform coordinate transformation, so that has to be loaded explicitly.
julia
using Rasters, Proj
To construct a raster, we'll need to specify the x and y dimensions. These are called "lookups" in Rasters.jl.
julia
using Rasters.Lookups
We can now construct the x and y lookups. Here we'll use a start-at-one, step-by-five grid. Note that we're specifying that the "sampling", i.e., what the coordinates actually mean, is Intervals(Start()), meaning that the coordinates are the starting point of each interval.
This is in contrast to Points() sampling, where each index in the raster represents the value at a sampling point; here, each index represents a grid cell, which is defined by the coordinate being at the start.
julia
x = X(1:5:30; sampling = Intervals(Start()), crs = EPSG(4326))
+ 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,9))]),s[4]||(s[4]=e(`
cellarea computes the area of each cell in a raster. This is useful for a number of reasons - if you have a variable like population per cell, or elevation (spatially extensive variables), you'll want to account for the fact that different cells have different areas.
cellarea returns a Raster with the same x and y dimensions as the input, where each value in the raster encodes the area of the cell (in meters by default).
You can specify whether you want to compute the area in the plane of your projection (Planar()), on a sphere of some radius (Spherical(; radius=...)). <!– or on an ellipsoid (Geodetic()), using the first argument.–>
Let's construct a raster and see what this looks like! We'll keep it in memory.
The spherical <!– and geodetic –> method relies on the Proj.jl package to perform coordinate transformation, so that has to be loaded explicitly.
julia
using Rasters
+import Proj # to activate the spherical \`cellarea\` method
+import ArchGDAL # purely for data loading
To construct a raster, we'll need to specify the x and y dimensions. These are called "lookups" in Rasters.jl.
julia
using Rasters.Lookups
We can now construct the x and y lookups. Here we'll use a start-at-one, step-by-five grid. Note that we're specifying that the "sampling", i.e., what the coordinates actually mean, is Intervals(Start()), meaning that the coordinates are the starting point of each interval.
This is in contrast to Points() sampling, where each index in the raster represents the value at a sampling point; here, each index represents a grid cell, which is defined by the coordinate being at the start.
julia
x = X(1:5:30; sampling = Intervals(Start()), crs = EPSG(4326))
 y = Y(50:5:80; sampling = Intervals(Start()), crs = EPSG(4326))
Y
I have chosen the y-range here specifically so we can show the difference between spherical and planar cellarea.
julia
ras = Raster(ones(x, y); crs = EPSG(4326))
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×7 Raster{Float64,2} │
 ├───────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
@@ -52,14 +54,30 @@ import{_ as n,c as p,j as a,a as i,G as l,a5 as e,B as h,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
  11     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
  16     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
  21     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11  …   6.68821e10   4.0334e10
- 26     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
and if we plot it, you can see the difference in cell area as we go from the equator to the poles:
julia
using Makie, CairoMakie# , GeoMakie
-heatmap(ras; axis = (; aspect = DataAspect()))
We can also try this using the planar method, which simply computes the area of the rectangle using area = x_side_length * y_side_length:
@example
cellarea(ras, Planar())
Note that this is of course wildly inaccurate for a geographic dataset - but if you're working in a projected coordinate system, like polar stereographic or Mercator, this can be very useful (and a lot faster)!
Usage example ​
Let's get the rainfall over Chile, and compute the average rainfall per meter squared across the country for the month of June.
We'll get the precipitation data across the globe from WorldClim, via RasterDataSources.jl, and use the month keyword argument to get the June data.
Then, we can get the geometry of Chile from NaturalEarth.jl, and use Rasters.mask to get the data just for Chile.
@example
using RasterDataSources, NaturalEarth
+ 26     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
and if we plot it, you can see the difference in cell area as we go from the equator to the poles:
julia
using Makie, CairoMakie
+heatmap(cellarea(ras); axis = (; aspect = DataAspect()))
We can also try this using the planar method, which simply computes the area of the rectangle using area = x_side_length * y_side_length:
julia
cellarea(Planar(), ras)
╭─────────────────────╮
+│ 6×7 Raster{Int64,2} │
+├─────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
+  ↓ X Projected{Int64} 1:5:26 ForwardOrdered Regular Intervals{Start},
+  → Y Projected{Int64} 50:5:80 ForwardOrdered Regular Intervals{Start}
+├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── raster ┤
+  extent: Extent(X = (1, 31), Y = (50, 85))
+
+  crs: EPSG:4326
+└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+  ↓ →  50  55  60  65  70  75  80
+  1    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+  6    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 11    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 16    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 21    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 26    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
Note that this is of course wildly inaccurate for a geographic dataset - but if you're working in a projected coordinate system, like polar stereographic or Mercator, this can be very useful (and a lot faster)!
Usage example ​
Let's get the rainfall over Chile, and compute the average rainfall per meter squared across the country for the month of June.
We'll get the precipitation data across the globe from WorldClim, via RasterDataSources.jl, and use the month keyword argument to get the June data.
Then, we can get the geometry of Chile from NaturalEarth.jl, and use Rasters.mask to get the data just for Chile.
@example
using RasterDataSources, NaturalEarth
 
 precip = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month = 6)
@example
all_countries = naturalearth("admin_0_countries", 10)
 chile = all_countries.geometry[findfirst(==("Chile"), all_countries.NAME)]
Let's plot the precipitation on the world map, and highlight Chile:
@example
f, a, p = heatmap(precip; colorrange = Makie.zscale(replace_missing(precip, NaN)), axis = (; aspect = DataAspect()))
-p2 = poly!(a, chile; color = (:red, 0.5))
+p2 = poly!(a, chile; color = (:red, 0.3), strokecolor = :red, strokewidth = 0.5)
 f
You can see Chile highlighted in red, in the bottom left quadrant.
First, let's make sure that we only have the data that we care about, and crop and mask the raster so it only has values in Chile. We can crop by the geometry, which really just generates a view into the raster that is bounded by the geometry's bounding box.
@example
cropped_precip = crop(precip; to = chile)
Now, we mask the data such that any data outside the geometry is set to missing.
@example
masked_precip = mask(cropped_precip; with = chile)
 heatmap(masked_precip)
This is a lot of missing data, but that's mainly because the Chile geometry we have encompasses the Easter Islands as well, in the middle of the Pacific.
Now, let's compute the average precipitation per square meter across Chile. First, we need to get the area of each cell in square meters. We'll use the spherical method, since we're working with a geographic coordinate system. This is the default.
@example
areas = cellarea(masked_precip)
 masked_areas = mask(areas; with = chile)
-heatmap(masked_areas; axis = (; title = "Cell area in square meters"))
Now we can compute the average precipitation per square meter. First, we compute total precipitation per grid cell:
@example
precip_per_area = masked_precip .* masked_areas
We can sum this to get the total precipitation per square meter across Chile:
@example
total_precip = sum(skipmissing(precip_per_area))
We can also sum the areas to get the total area of Chile (in this raster, at least).
@example
total_area = sum(skipmissing(masked_areas))
And we can convert that to an average by dividing by the total area:
@example
avg_precip = total_precip / total_area
So on average, Chile gets about 100mm of rain per square meter in June. Let's see what happens if we don't account for cell areas:
@example
bad_total_precip = sum(skipmissing(masked_precip))
-bad_avg_precip = bad_total_precip / length(collect(skipmissing(masked_precip)))
This is misestimated! This is why it's important to account for cell areas when computing averages.
Note
If you made it this far, congratulations!
It's interesting to note that we've replicated the workflow of zonal here. zonal is a more general function that can be used to compute any function over geometries, and it has multithreading built in.
But fundamentally, this is all that zonal is doing under the hood - masking and cropping the raster to the geometry, and then computing the statistic.
This page was generated using Literate.jl.
`,54))])}const b=n(d,[["render",c]]);export{F as __pageData,b as default};
+heatmap(masked_areas; axis = (; title = "Cell area in square meters"))
Now we can compute the average precipitation per square meter. First, we compute total precipitation per grid cell:
@example
precip_per_area = masked_precip .* masked_areas
We can sum this to get the total precipitation per square meter across Chile:
@example
total_precip = sum(skipmissing(precip_per_area))
We can also sum the areas to get the total area of Chile (in this raster, at least).
@example
total_area = sum(skipmissing(masked_areas))
And we can convert that to an average by dividing by the total area:
@example
avg_precip = total_precip / total_area
According to the internet, Chile gets about 100mm of rain per square meter in June, so our statistic seems pretty close.
Let's see what happens if we don't account for cell areas:
@example
bad_total_precip = sum(skipmissing(masked_precip))
+bad_avg_precip = bad_total_precip / length(collect(skipmissing(masked_precip)))
This is misestimated! This is why it's important to account for cell areas when computing averages.
Note
If you made it this far, congratulations!
It's interesting to note that we've replicated the workflow of zonal here. zonal is a more general function that can be used to compute any function over geometries, and it has multithreading built in.
But fundamentally, this is all that zonal is doing under the hood - masking and cropping the raster to the geometry, and then computing the statistic.
This page was generated using Literate.jl.
`,56))])}const b=t(d,[["render",c]]);export{m as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.C_W3YIyf.lean.js b/previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.Cr47Fy1Q.lean.js
similarity index 76%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.C_W3YIyf.lean.js
rename to previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.Cr47Fy1Q.lean.js
index 1cb9015f..b6bf2952 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.C_W3YIyf.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR800/assets/tutorials_methods_cellarea.md.Cr47Fy1Q.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as n,c as p,j as a,a as i,G as l,a5 as e,B as h,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/wjpjnzq.DmJuxPXF.png",F=JSON.parse('{"title":"cellarea tutorial","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md","filePath":"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md","lastUpdated":null}'),d={name:"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md"},o={class:"jldocstring custom-block"};function c(g,s,u,y,E,C){const t=h("Badge");return r(),p("div",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a("h1",{id:"cellarea-tutorial",tabindex:"-1"},[a("code",null,"cellarea"),i(" tutorial "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#cellarea-tutorial","aria-label":'Permalink to "`cellarea` tutorial {#cellarea-tutorial}"'},"​")],-1)),a("details",o,[a("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=a("a",{id:"Rasters.cellarea-tutorials-methods-cellarea",href:"#Rasters.cellarea-tutorials-methods-cellarea"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.cellarea")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=i()),l(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
+import{_ as t,c as p,j as a,a as i,G as l,a5 as e,B as h,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.Gz-llJN4.js";const k="/Rasters.jl/previews/PR800/assets/dciuddq.DdtYyM8O.png",m=JSON.parse('{"title":"cellarea tutorial","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md","filePath":"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md","lastUpdated":null}'),d={name:"tutorials/methods/cellarea.md"},o={class:"jldocstring custom-block"};function c(g,s,y,u,E,C){const n=h("Badge");return r(),p("div",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a("h1",{id:"cellarea-tutorial",tabindex:"-1"},[a("code",null,"cellarea"),i(" tutorial "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#cellarea-tutorial","aria-label":'Permalink to "`cellarea` tutorial {#cellarea-tutorial}"'},"​")],-1)),a("details",o,[a("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=a("a",{id:"Rasters.cellarea-tutorials-methods-cellarea",href:"#Rasters.cellarea-tutorials-methods-cellarea"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Rasters.cellarea")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=i()),l(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
cellarea([method], x)
Gives the approximate area of each gridcell of x. By assuming the earth is a sphere, it approximates the true size to about 0.1%, depending on latitude.
Run using ArchGDAL to make this method fully available.
method can be Spherical(; radius) (the default) or Planar().
  • Spherical will compute cell area on the sphere, by transforming all points back to long-lat. You can specify the radius by the radius keyword argument here. By default, this is 6371008.8, the mean radius of the Earth.
  • Planar will compute cell area in the plane of the CRS you have chosen. Be warned that this will likely be incorrect for non-equal-area projections.
Example
julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, Rasters.Lookups
 xdim = X(Projected(90.0:10.0:120; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 ydim = Y(Projected(0.0:10.0:50; sampling=Intervals(Start()), crs=EPSG(4326)))
 myraster = rand(xdim, ydim)
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ import{_ as n,c as p,j as a,a as i,G as l,a5 as e,B as h,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
   90.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  100.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
  110.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
- 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,9))]),s[4]||(s[4]=e(`
cellarea computes the area of each cell in a raster. This is useful for a number of reasons - if you have a variable like population per cell, or elevation (spatially extensive variables), you'll want to account for the fact that different cells have different areas.
cellarea returns a Raster with the same x and y dimensions as the input, where each value in the raster encodes the area of the cell (in meters by default).
You can specify whether you want to compute the area in the plane of your projection (Planar()), on a sphere of some radius (Spherical(; radius=...)). <!– or on an ellipsoid (Geodetic()), using the first argument.–>
Let's construct a raster and see what this looks like! We'll keep it in memory.
The spherical <!– and geodetic –> method relies on the Proj.jl package to perform coordinate transformation, so that has to be loaded explicitly.
julia
using Rasters, Proj
To construct a raster, we'll need to specify the x and y dimensions. These are called "lookups" in Rasters.jl.
julia
using Rasters.Lookups
We can now construct the x and y lookups. Here we'll use a start-at-one, step-by-five grid. Note that we're specifying that the "sampling", i.e., what the coordinates actually mean, is Intervals(Start()), meaning that the coordinates are the starting point of each interval.
This is in contrast to Points() sampling, where each index in the raster represents the value at a sampling point; here, each index represents a grid cell, which is defined by the coordinate being at the start.
julia
x = X(1:5:30; sampling = Intervals(Start()), crs = EPSG(4326))
+ 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0
WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.
source
`,9))]),s[4]||(s[4]=e(`
cellarea computes the area of each cell in a raster. This is useful for a number of reasons - if you have a variable like population per cell, or elevation (spatially extensive variables), you'll want to account for the fact that different cells have different areas.
cellarea returns a Raster with the same x and y dimensions as the input, where each value in the raster encodes the area of the cell (in meters by default).
You can specify whether you want to compute the area in the plane of your projection (Planar()), on a sphere of some radius (Spherical(; radius=...)). <!– or on an ellipsoid (Geodetic()), using the first argument.–>
Let's construct a raster and see what this looks like! We'll keep it in memory.
The spherical <!– and geodetic –> method relies on the Proj.jl package to perform coordinate transformation, so that has to be loaded explicitly.
julia
using Rasters
+import Proj # to activate the spherical \`cellarea\` method
+import ArchGDAL # purely for data loading
To construct a raster, we'll need to specify the x and y dimensions. These are called "lookups" in Rasters.jl.
julia
using Rasters.Lookups
We can now construct the x and y lookups. Here we'll use a start-at-one, step-by-five grid. Note that we're specifying that the "sampling", i.e., what the coordinates actually mean, is Intervals(Start()), meaning that the coordinates are the starting point of each interval.
This is in contrast to Points() sampling, where each index in the raster represents the value at a sampling point; here, each index represents a grid cell, which is defined by the coordinate being at the start.
julia
x = X(1:5:30; sampling = Intervals(Start()), crs = EPSG(4326))
 y = Y(50:5:80; sampling = Intervals(Start()), crs = EPSG(4326))
Y
I have chosen the y-range here specifically so we can show the difference between spherical and planar cellarea.
julia
ras = Raster(ones(x, y); crs = EPSG(4326))
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×7 Raster{Float64,2} │
 ├───────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
@@ -52,14 +54,30 @@ import{_ as n,c as p,j as a,a as i,G as l,a5 as e,B as h,o as r}from"./chunks/fr
  11     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
  16     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
  21     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11  …   6.68821e10   4.0334e10
- 26     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
and if we plot it, you can see the difference in cell area as we go from the equator to the poles:
julia
using Makie, CairoMakie# , GeoMakie
-heatmap(ras; axis = (; aspect = DataAspect()))
We can also try this using the planar method, which simply computes the area of the rectangle using area = x_side_length * y_side_length:
@example
cellarea(ras, Planar())
Note that this is of course wildly inaccurate for a geographic dataset - but if you're working in a projected coordinate system, like polar stereographic or Mercator, this can be very useful (and a lot faster)!
Usage example ​
Let's get the rainfall over Chile, and compute the average rainfall per meter squared across the country for the month of June.
We'll get the precipitation data across the globe from WorldClim, via RasterDataSources.jl, and use the month keyword argument to get the June data.
Then, we can get the geometry of Chile from NaturalEarth.jl, and use Rasters.mask to get the data just for Chile.
@example
using RasterDataSources, NaturalEarth
+ 26     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
and if we plot it, you can see the difference in cell area as we go from the equator to the poles:
julia
using Makie, CairoMakie
+heatmap(cellarea(ras); axis = (; aspect = DataAspect()))
We can also try this using the planar method, which simply computes the area of the rectangle using area = x_side_length * y_side_length:
julia
cellarea(Planar(), ras)
╭─────────────────────╮
+│ 6×7 Raster{Int64,2} │
+├─────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
+  ↓ X Projected{Int64} 1:5:26 ForwardOrdered Regular Intervals{Start},
+  → Y Projected{Int64} 50:5:80 ForwardOrdered Regular Intervals{Start}
+├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── raster ┤
+  extent: Extent(X = (1, 31), Y = (50, 85))
+
+  crs: EPSG:4326
+└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+  ↓ →  50  55  60  65  70  75  80
+  1    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+  6    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 11    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 16    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 21    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 26    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
Note that this is of course wildly inaccurate for a geographic dataset - but if you're working in a projected coordinate system, like polar stereographic or Mercator, this can be very useful (and a lot faster)!
Usage example ​
Let's get the rainfall over Chile, and compute the average rainfall per meter squared across the country for the month of June.
We'll get the precipitation data across the globe from WorldClim, via RasterDataSources.jl, and use the month keyword argument to get the June data.
Then, we can get the geometry of Chile from NaturalEarth.jl, and use Rasters.mask to get the data just for Chile.
@example
using RasterDataSources, NaturalEarth
 
 precip = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month = 6)
@example
all_countries = naturalearth("admin_0_countries", 10)
 chile = all_countries.geometry[findfirst(==("Chile"), all_countries.NAME)]
Let's plot the precipitation on the world map, and highlight Chile:
@example
f, a, p = heatmap(precip; colorrange = Makie.zscale(replace_missing(precip, NaN)), axis = (; aspect = DataAspect()))
-p2 = poly!(a, chile; color = (:red, 0.5))
+p2 = poly!(a, chile; color = (:red, 0.3), strokecolor = :red, strokewidth = 0.5)
 f
You can see Chile highlighted in red, in the bottom left quadrant.
First, let's make sure that we only have the data that we care about, and crop and mask the raster so it only has values in Chile. We can crop by the geometry, which really just generates a view into the raster that is bounded by the geometry's bounding box.
@example
cropped_precip = crop(precip; to = chile)
Now, we mask the data such that any data outside the geometry is set to missing.
@example
masked_precip = mask(cropped_precip; with = chile)
 heatmap(masked_precip)
This is a lot of missing data, but that's mainly because the Chile geometry we have encompasses the Easter Islands as well, in the middle of the Pacific.
Now, let's compute the average precipitation per square meter across Chile. First, we need to get the area of each cell in square meters. We'll use the spherical method, since we're working with a geographic coordinate system. This is the default.
@example
areas = cellarea(masked_precip)
 masked_areas = mask(areas; with = chile)
-heatmap(masked_areas; axis = (; title = "Cell area in square meters"))
Now we can compute the average precipitation per square meter. First, we compute total precipitation per grid cell:
@example
precip_per_area = masked_precip .* masked_areas
We can sum this to get the total precipitation per square meter across Chile:
@example
total_precip = sum(skipmissing(precip_per_area))
We can also sum the areas to get the total area of Chile (in this raster, at least).
@example
total_area = sum(skipmissing(masked_areas))
And we can convert that to an average by dividing by the total area:
@example
avg_precip = total_precip / total_area
So on average, Chile gets about 100mm of rain per square meter in June. Let's see what happens if we don't account for cell areas:
@example
bad_total_precip = sum(skipmissing(masked_precip))
-bad_avg_precip = bad_total_precip / length(collect(skipmissing(masked_precip)))
This is misestimated! This is why it's important to account for cell areas when computing averages.
Note
If you made it this far, congratulations!
It's interesting to note that we've replicated the workflow of zonal here. zonal is a more general function that can be used to compute any function over geometries, and it has multithreading built in.
But fundamentally, this is all that zonal is doing under the hood - masking and cropping the raster to the geometry, and then computing the statistic.
This page was generated using Literate.jl.
`,54))])}const b=n(d,[["render",c]]);export{F as __pageData,b as default};
+heatmap(masked_areas; axis = (; title = "Cell area in square meters"))
Now we can compute the average precipitation per square meter. First, we compute total precipitation per grid cell:
@example
precip_per_area = masked_precip .* masked_areas
We can sum this to get the total precipitation per square meter across Chile:
@example
total_precip = sum(skipmissing(precip_per_area))
We can also sum the areas to get the total area of Chile (in this raster, at least).
@example
total_area = sum(skipmissing(masked_areas))
And we can convert that to an average by dividing by the total area:
@example
avg_precip = total_precip / total_area
According to the internet, Chile gets about 100mm of rain per square meter in June, so our statistic seems pretty close.
Let's see what happens if we don't account for cell areas:
@example
bad_total_precip = sum(skipmissing(masked_precip))
+bad_avg_precip = bad_total_precip / length(collect(skipmissing(masked_precip)))
This is misestimated! This is why it's important to account for cell areas when computing averages.
Note
If you made it this far, congratulations!
It's interesting to note that we've replicated the workflow of zonal here. zonal is a more general function that can be used to compute any function over geometries, and it has multithreading built in.
But fundamentally, this is all that zonal is doing under the hood - masking and cropping the raster to the geometry, and then computing the statistic.
This page was generated using Literate.jl.
`,56))])}const b=t(d,[["render",c]]);export{m as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/grjxpva.BRgQ_uqM.png b/previews/PR800/assets/vkxddvq.BRgQ_uqM.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/grjxpva.BRgQ_uqM.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/vkxddvq.BRgQ_uqM.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/wjpjnzq.DmJuxPXF.png b/previews/PR800/assets/wjpjnzq.DmJuxPXF.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 852a3013..00000000
Binary files a/previews/PR800/assets/wjpjnzq.DmJuxPXF.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/wuznzvi.CUldC_pQ.png b/previews/PR800/assets/wnsbdrj.CUldC_pQ.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/wuznzvi.CUldC_pQ.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/wnsbdrj.CUldC_pQ.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/pzpmiye.2YhfOv1i.png b/previews/PR800/assets/xhkeuwz.2YhfOv1i.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/pzpmiye.2YhfOv1i.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/xhkeuwz.2YhfOv1i.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/rtguujd.H6rBHY04.png b/previews/PR800/assets/xtsuerf.H6rBHY04.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/rtguujd.H6rBHY04.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/xtsuerf.H6rBHY04.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/assets/vaeggon.CBMwZ7qg.png b/previews/PR800/assets/zxvufnv.CBMwZ7qg.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR800/assets/vaeggon.CBMwZ7qg.png
rename to previews/PR800/assets/zxvufnv.CBMwZ7qg.png
diff --git a/previews/PR800/data_sources.html b/previews/PR800/data_sources.html
index 036cdc47..bb5ac501 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/data_sources.html
+++ b/previews/PR800/data_sources.html
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
     
     
     
-    
+    
     
-    
+    
     
-    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
     
Rasters.jl
Appearance
Data sources ​
Rasters.jl uses a number of backends to load raster data. Raster, RasterStack and RasterSeries will detect which backend to use for you, automatically.
GRD ​
R GRD files can be loaded natively, using Julias MMap - which means they are very fast, but are not compressed. They are always 3 dimensional, and have Y, X and Band dimensions.
NetCDF ​
NetCDF .nc files are loaded using NCDatasets.jl. Layers from files can be loaded as Raster("filename.nc"; name=:layername). Without name the first layer is used. RasterStack("filename.nc") will use all netcdf variables in the file that are not dimensions as layers.
NetCDF layers can have arbitrary dimensions. Known, common dimension names are converted to X, Y Z, and Ti, otherwise Dim{:layername} is used. Layers in the same file may also have different dimensions.
NetCDF files still have issues loading directly from disk for some operations. Using read(ncstack) may help.
GDAL ​
All files GDAL can access, such as .tiff and .asc files, can be loaded, using ArchGDAL.jl. These are generally best loaded as Raster("filename.tif"), but can be loaded as RasterStack("filename.tif"; layersfrom=Band), taking layers from the Band dimension, which is also the default.
SMAP ​
The Soil Moisture Active-Passive dataset provides global layers of soil moisture, temperature and other related data, in a custom HDF5 format. Layers are always 2 dimensional, with Y and X dimensions.
These can be loaded as multi-layered RasterStack("filename.h5"). Individual layers can be loaded as Raster("filename.h5"; name=:layername), without name the first layer is used.
julia
using Rasters
Missing docstring.
Missing docstring for smapseries. Check Documenter's build log for details.
Writing file formats to disk ​
Files can be written to disk in all formats other than SMAP HDF5 using write("filename.ext", A). See the docs for write. They can (with some caveats) be written to different formats than they were loaded in as, providing file-type conversion for spatial data.
Some metadata may be lost in formats that store little metadata, or where metadata conversion has not been completely implemented.
RasterDataSources.jl integration ​
RasterDataSources.jl standardises the download of common raster data sources, with a focus on datasets used in ecology and the environmental sciences. RasterDataSources.jl is tightly integrated into Rasters.jl, so that datsets and keywords can be used directly to download and load data as a Raster, RasterStack, or RasterSeries.
julia
using Rasters, CairoMakie, Dates
 using RasterDataSources
 A = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :tavg; month=June)
-Makie.plot(A)
See the docs for Raster, RasterStack and RasterSeries, and the docs for RasterDataSources.getraster for syntax to specify various data sources.

-    
+Makie.plot(A)
See the docs for Raster, RasterStack and RasterSeries, and the docs for RasterDataSources.getraster for syntax to specify various data sources.

+    
     
   
 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/previews/PR800/gbif_wflow.html b/previews/PR800/gbif_wflow.html
index 1545284a..0624bef6 100644
--- a/previews/PR800/gbif_wflow.html
+++ b/previews/PR800/gbif_wflow.html
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
     
     
     
-    
+    
     
-    
+    
     
-    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 p = plot(se_aus);
 kw = (legend=:none, opacity=0.5, markershape=:cross, markercolor=:black)
 foreach(i -> scatter!(p, coords; subplot=i, kw...), 1:4)
-p
Then extract predictor variables.
julia
predictors = collect(extract(se_aus, coords))
256-element Vector{@NamedTuple{geometry::Tuple{Float64, Float64}, bio1::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio3::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio7::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio12::Union{Missing, Float32}}}:
+p
Then extract predictor variables.
julia
predictors = collect(extract(se_aus, coords))
256-element Vector{@NamedTuple{geometry::Tuple{Float64, Float64}, bio1::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio3::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio7::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio12::Union{Missing, Float32}}}:
  @NamedTuple{geometry::Tuple{Float64, Float64}, bio1::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio3::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio7::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio12::Union{Missing, Float32}}(((148.391097, -36.30362), 6.1706977f0, 41.119827f0, 23.4645f0, 1692.0f0))
  @NamedTuple{geometry::Tuple{Float64, Float64}, bio1::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio3::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio7::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio12::Union{Missing, Float32}}(((148.332969, -36.433349), 7.8357186f0, 41.597527f0, 23.50275f0, 1500.0f0))
  @NamedTuple{geometry::Tuple{Float64, Float64}, bio1::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio3::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio7::Union{Missing, Float32}, bio12::Union{Missing, Float32}}(((148.396453, -36.381847), 6.881583f0, 42.268078f0, 23.133f0, 1544.0f0))
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 CSV.write("burramys_parvus_predictors.csv", predictors)
"burramys_parvus_predictors.csv"
Or convert them to a DataFrame:
julia
using DataFrames
 df = DataFrame(predictors)
 df[1:5,:]
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR800/get_started.html b/previews/PR800/get_started.html index 4213ccb2..065ea428 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/get_started.html +++ b/previews/PR800/get_started.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ [:, :, 1] - ↓ → 25 26 27 28 29 30 - 25 0.693461 0.839173 0.242291 0.218817 0.929525 0.198393 - 26 0.824661 0.476077 0.715192 0.498898 0.175207 0.813814 - 27 0.985022 0.360964 0.47019 0.00451968 0.148373 0.64136 - 28 0.656881 0.261726 0.738871 0.925327 0.763696 0.785021 - 29 0.18368 0.247929 0.830128 0.659419 0.80923 0.276805 - 30 0.766683 0.296856 0.00299756 0.475879 0.991889 0.0779533

Getting the lookup array from dimensions ​

julia
lon = lookup(ras, X) # if X is longitude
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274

Getting the lookup array from dimensions ​

julia
lon = lookup(ras, X) # if X is longitude
 lat = lookup(ras, Y) # if Y is latitude
Sampled{Int64} ForwardOrdered Regular Points
 wrapping: 25:1:30

Select by index ​

Selecting a time slice by index is done via

julia
ras[Ti(1)]
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6 Raster{Float64,2} │
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@
   extent: Extent(X = (25, 30), Y = (25, 30))
 
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533

also

julia
ras[Ti=1]
╭───────────────────────╮
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274

also

julia
ras[Ti=1]
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6 Raster{Float64,2} │
 ├───────────────────────┴───────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X Sampled{Int64} 25:1:30 ForwardOrdered Regular Points,
@@ -66,13 +66,13 @@
   extent: Extent(X = (25, 30), Y = (25, 30))
 
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533

or and interval of indices using the syntax =a:b or (a:b)

julia
ras[Ti(1:10)]
╭──────────────────────────╮
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274

or and interval of indices using the syntax =a:b or (a:b)

julia
ras[Ti(1:10)]
╭──────────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6×10 Raster{Float64,3} │
 ├──────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X  Sampled{Int64} 25:1:30 ForwardOrdered Regular Points,
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@
 
 └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 [:, :, 1]
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533

Select by value ​

julia
ras[Ti=At(DateTime(2001))]
╭───────────────────────╮
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274

Select by value ​

julia
ras[Ti=At(DateTime(2001))]
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×6 Raster{Float64,2} │
 ├───────────────────────┴───────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X Sampled{Int64} 25:1:30 ForwardOrdered Regular Points,
@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@
   extent: Extent(X = (25, 30), Y = (25, 30))
 
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-  ↓ →  25         26         27           28           29         30
- 25     0.693461   0.839173   0.242291     0.218817     0.929525   0.198393
- 26     0.824661   0.476077   0.715192     0.498898     0.175207   0.813814
- 27     0.985022   0.360964   0.47019      0.00451968   0.148373   0.64136
- 28     0.656881   0.261726   0.738871     0.925327     0.763696   0.785021
- 29     0.18368    0.247929   0.830128     0.659419     0.80923    0.276805
- 30     0.766683   0.296856   0.00299756   0.475879     0.991889   0.0779533

More options are available, like Near, Contains and Where.

Dimensions

Rasters uses X, Y, and Z dimensions from DimensionalData to represent spatial directions like longitude, latitude and the vertical dimension, and subset data with them. Ti is used for time, and Band represent bands. Other dimensions can have arbitrary names, but will be treated generically. See DimensionalData for more details on how they work.

Lookup Arrays

These specify properties of the index associated with e.g. the X and Y dimension. Rasters.jl defines additional lookup arrays: Projected to handle dimensions with projections, and Mapped where the projection is mapped to another projection like EPSG(4326). Mapped is largely designed to handle NetCDF dimensions, especially with Explicit spans.

Subsetting an object ​

Regular getindex (e.g. A[1:100, :]) and view work on all objects just as with an Array. view is always lazy, and reads from disk are deferred until getindex is used. DimensionalData.jl Dimensions and Selectors are the other way to subset an object, making use of the objects index to find values at e.g. certain X/Y coordinates. The available selectors are listed here:

SelectorsDescription
At(x)get the index exactly matching the passed in value(s).
Near(x)get the closest index to the passed in value(s).
Where(f::Function)filter the array axis by a function of the dimension index values.
a..b/Between(a, b)get all indices between two values, excluding the high value.
Contains(x)get indices where the value x falls within an interval.

Info

  • Use the .. selector to take a view of madagascar:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
+  ↓ →  25         26          27         28         29         30
+ 25     0.114259   0.235863    0.824473   0.99858    0.981556   0.953643
+ 26     0.148827   0.894969    0.495627   0.325121   0.634271   0.867585
+ 27     0.893264   0.355984    0.639251   0.127338   0.928556   0.951755
+ 28     0.715572   0.0408142   0.130584   0.907328   0.564505   0.539214
+ 29     0.908018   0.990331    0.173672   0.509966   0.44336    0.896916
+ 30     0.10944    0.972705    0.162339   0.110339   0.847912   0.353274

More options are available, like Near, Contains and Where.

Dimensions

Rasters uses X, Y, and Z dimensions from DimensionalData to represent spatial directions like longitude, latitude and the vertical dimension, and subset data with them. Ti is used for time, and Band represent bands. Other dimensions can have arbitrary names, but will be treated generically. See DimensionalData for more details on how they work.

Lookup Arrays

These specify properties of the index associated with e.g. the X and Y dimension. Rasters.jl defines additional lookup arrays: Projected to handle dimensions with projections, and Mapped where the projection is mapped to another projection like EPSG(4326). Mapped is largely designed to handle NetCDF dimensions, especially with Explicit spans.

Subsetting an object ​

Regular getindex (e.g. A[1:100, :]) and view work on all objects just as with an Array. view is always lazy, and reads from disk are deferred until getindex is used. DimensionalData.jl Dimensions and Selectors are the other way to subset an object, making use of the objects index to find values at e.g. certain X/Y coordinates. The available selectors are listed here:

SelectorsDescription
At(x)get the index exactly matching the passed in value(s).
Near(x)get the closest index to the passed in value(s).
Where(f::Function)filter the array axis by a function of the dimension index values.
a..b/Between(a, b)get all indices between two values, excluding the high value.
Contains(x)get indices where the value x falls within an interval.

Info

  • Use the .. selector to take a view of madagascar:
julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources
 const RS = Rasters
 using CairoMakie
 CairoMakie.activate!()
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@
 A = Raster(WorldClim{BioClim}, 5)
 madagascar = view(A, X(43.25 .. 50.48), Y(-25.61 .. -12.04))
 # Note the space between .. -12
-Makie.plot(madagascar)

- +Makie.plot(madagascar)

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR800/hashmap.json b/previews/PR800/hashmap.json index de7be7ca..d6283635 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/hashmap.json +++ b/previews/PR800/hashmap.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -{"api.md":"CT61Ntce","array_operations.md":"B1UT5eHS","data_sources.md":"Rgk0yRjv","gbif_wflow.md":"CkT2Rbvf","get_started.md":"DDRbUhQA","index.md":"CgxmSlcc","methods.md":"CHZCoEx9","plot_makie.md":"67kD4dPf","plotting.md":"BR5BBklN","tutorials_methods_cellarea.md":"C_W3YIyf"} +{"api.md":"B3FoRFRA","array_operations.md":"B1UT5eHS","data_sources.md":"DiNgOJfA","gbif_wflow.md":"CAXtS9zz","get_started.md":"B_tjWWbY","index.md":"CgxmSlcc","methods.md":"CHZCoEx9","plot_makie.md":"D1FlA7d6","plotting.md":"Cp8KBLhp","tutorials_methods_cellarea.md":"Cr47Fy1Q"} diff --git a/previews/PR800/index.html b/previews/PR800/index.html index 45c9f2d7..5c16b795 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/index.html +++ b/previews/PR800/index.html @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ - + - + @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
Rasters.jl

Appearance

Rasters.jl

Manipulating rasterized spatial data

Get Started
View on Github
API Reference
Rasters

Rasters.jl

Defines common types and methods for reading, writing and manipulating rasterized spatial data.

Data Formats

These currently include raster arrays like GeoTIF and NetCDF, R grd files, multi-layered stacks, and multi-file series of arrays and stacks.

Data-source abstraction

Rasters provides a standardised interface that allows many source data types to be used with identical syntax.

  • Scripts and packages building on Rasters.jl can treat Raster, RasterStack, and RasterSeries as black boxes.

  • The data could hold GeoTiff or NetCDF files, Arrays in memory or CuArrays on the GPU - they will all behave in the same way.

  • RasterStack can be backed by a Netcdf or HDF5 file, or a NamedTuple of Raster holding .tif files, or all Raster in memory.

  • Users do not have to deal with the specifics of spatial file types.

  • Projected lookups with Cylindrical projections can by indexed using other Cylindrical projections by setting the mappedcrs keyword on construction. You don't need to know the underlying projection, the conversion is handled automatically. This means lat/lon EPSG(4326) can be used seamlessly if you need that.

Installation ​

julia
] add Rasters

Packages extensions ​

Packages extensions and Rasters 0.8 and onwards

On Julia 1.9 we can put additional packages in extensions, so the code only loads when you load a specific package. Rasters.jl was always intended to work like this, and its finally possible. This reduced package using time from many seconds to well under a second.

But, it means you have to manually load packages you need for each backend or additional functionality.

For example, to use the GDAL backend, and download files, you now need to do:

julia
using Rasters, ArchGDAL, RasterDataSources

where previously it was just using Rasters.

Sources and packages needed:

  • :gdal: using ArchGDAL

  • :netcdf: using NCDatasets

  • :grd: built-in.

  • :smap: using HDF5

  • :grib: not yet finished.

Other functionality in extensions:

  • Raster data downloads, like Worldclim{Climate}: using RasterDataSources

  • Makie plots: using Makie

  • Coordinate transformations for gdal rasters: using CoordinateTransformations

Bugs and errors ​

Bugs, errors and making issues for Rasters.jl

Raster data is complicated and there are many places for subtle or not-so-subtle bugs to creep in.

We need bug reports to reduce how often they occur over time. But also, we need issues that are easy to reproduce or it isn't practically possible to fix them.

Because there are so many raster file types and variations of them, most of the time we need the exact file that caused your problem to know how to fix it, and be sure that we have actually fixed it when we are done. So fixing a Rasters.jl bug nearly always involves downloading some file and running some code that breaks with it (if you can trigger the bug without a file, that's great! but its not always possible).

To make an issue we can fix quickly (or at all) there are three key steps:

  1. Include the file in an accessible place on web without authentication or any other work on our part, so we can just get it and find your bug. You can put it on a file hosting platform (e.g. google drive, drop box, whatever you use) and share the url.

  2. Add a minimum working example to the issue template that first downloads the file, then runs the function that triggers the bug.

  3. Paste the complete stack trace of the error it produces, right to the bottom, into the issue template. Then we can be sure we reproduced the same problem.

Good issues are really appreciated, but they do take just a little extra effort with Rasters.jl because of this need for files.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR800/methods.html b/previews/PR800/methods.html index 9a00f694..b703818c 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/methods.html +++ b/previews/PR800/methods.html @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ - + - + @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
Rasters.jl

Appearance

Methods that change the resolution or extent of an object ​

Click through to the function documentation for more in-depth descriptions and examples.

MethodsDescription
aggregateaggregate data by the same or different amounts for each axis.
disaggregatesimilarly disaggregate data.
mosaicjoin rasters covering different extents into a single array or file.
cropshrink objects to specific dimension sizes or the extent of another object.
extendextend objects to specific dimension sizes or the extent of another object.
trimtrims areas of missing values for arrays and across stack layers.
resampleresample data to a different size and projection, or snap to another object.
warpuse gdalwarp on any object, e.g. a multidimensional NetCDF stack.

Methods that change an objects values ​

Info

Note that most regular Julia methods, such as replace, work as for a standard Array. These additional methods are commonly required in GIS applications.

MethodsDescription
classifyclassify values into categories.
maskmask an object by a polygon or Raster along X/Y, or other dimensions.
replace_missingreplace all missing values in an object and update missingval.

Point, polygon and table operation ​

MethodsDescription
rasterizerasterize points and geometries.
extractextract values from points or geometries.
zonalcalculate zonal statistics for an object masked by geometries.

Methods to load, write and modify data sources ​

MethodsDescription
modifyreplace the data in objects. Useful to e.g. move objects to/from a GPU.
readread data to memory if it is on disk.
read!read data to predefined memory.
openopen the underlying data for manually reading or writing.
writewrite objects to file.
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR800/plot_makie.html b/previews/PR800/plot_makie.html index 0e58f343..423dcf33 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/plot_makie.html +++ b/previews/PR800/plot_makie.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ ax = Axis(fig[2, 1]; aspect = DataAspect()) contourf!(ax, A) surface(fig[2, 2], A) # even a 3D plot work! -fig

3-D rasters in Makie ​

Warning

This interface is experimental, and unexported for that reason. It may break at any time!

Just as in Plots, 3D rasters are treated as a series of 2D rasters, which are tiled and plotted.

You can use Rasters.rplot to visualize 3D rasters or RasterStacks in this way. An example is below:

julia
stack = RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month = 1)
-Rasters.rplot(stack; Axis = (aspect = DataAspect(),),)

You can pass any theming keywords in, which are interpreted by Makie appropriately.

The plots seem a little squished here. We provide a Makie theme which makes text a little smaller and has some other space-efficient attributes:

julia
Makie.set_theme!(Rasters.theme_rasters())
-Rasters.rplot(stack)

reset theme ​

julia
Makie.set_theme!()

Plotting with Observables, animations ​

Rasters.rplot should support Observable input out of the box, but the dimensions of that input must remain the same - i.e., the element names of a RasterStack must remain the same.

julia
Makie.set_theme!(Rasters.theme_rasters())
+fig

3-D rasters in Makie ​

Warning

This interface is experimental, and unexported for that reason. It may break at any time!

Just as in Plots, 3D rasters are treated as a series of 2D rasters, which are tiled and plotted.

You can use Rasters.rplot to visualize 3D rasters or RasterStacks in this way. An example is below:

julia
stack = RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month = 1)
+Rasters.rplot(stack; Axis = (aspect = DataAspect(),),)

You can pass any theming keywords in, which are interpreted by Makie appropriately.

The plots seem a little squished here. We provide a Makie theme which makes text a little smaller and has some other space-efficient attributes:

julia
Makie.set_theme!(Rasters.theme_rasters())
+Rasters.rplot(stack)

reset theme ​

julia
Makie.set_theme!()

Plotting with Observables, animations ​

Rasters.rplot should support Observable input out of the box, but the dimensions of that input must remain the same - i.e., the element names of a RasterStack must remain the same.

julia
Makie.set_theme!(Rasters.theme_rasters())
 # `stack` is the WorldClim climate data for January
 stack_obs = Observable(stack)
 fig = Rasters.rplot(stack_obs;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 )
 record(fig, "rplot.mp4", 1:12; framerate = 3) do i
     stack_obs[] = RasterStack(WorldClim{Climate}; month = i)
-end
"rplot.mp4"

julia
Makie.set_theme!() # reset theme
Rasters.rplot Function
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)

raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.

Keywords

  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.

  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.

  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.

  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.

  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.

  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.

  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().

  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.

  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.

  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.

  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.

  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.

  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.

  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.

  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.

source

Using vanilla Makie ​

julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources

The data

julia
layers = (:evenness, :range, :contrast, :correlation)
+end
"rplot.mp4"

julia
Makie.set_theme!() # reset theme
Rasters.rplot Function
julia
Rasters.rplot([position::GridPosition], raster; kw...)

raster may be a Raster (of 2 or 3 dimensions) or a RasterStack whose underlying rasters are 2 dimensional, or 3-dimensional with a singleton (length-1) third dimension.

Keywords

  • plottype = Makie.Heatmap: The type of plot. Can be any Makie plot type which accepts a Raster; in practice, Heatmap, Contour, Contourf and Surface are the best bets.

  • axistype = Makie.Axis: The type of axis. This can be an Axis, Axis3, LScene, or even a GeoAxis from GeoMakie.jl.

  • X = XDim: The X dimension of the raster.

  • Y = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.

  • Z = YDim: The Y dimension of the raster.

  • draw_colorbar = true: Whether to draw a colorbar for the axis or not.

  • colorbar_position = Makie.Right(): Indicates which side of the axis the colorbar should be placed on. Can be Makie.Top(), Makie.Bottom(), Makie.Left(), or Makie.Right().

  • colorbar_padding = Makie.automatic: The amount of padding between the colorbar and its axis. If automatic, then this is set to the width of the colorbar.

  • title = Makie.automatic: The titles of each plot. If automatic, these are set to the name of the band.

  • xlabel = Makie.automatic: The x-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the X-dimension of the raster.

  • ylabel = Makie.automatic: The y-label for the axis. If automatic, set to the dimension name of the Y-dimension of the raster.

  • colorbarlabel = "": Usually nothing, but here if you need it. Sets the label on the colorbar.

  • colormap = nothing: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of colormaps (symbols, strings, cgrads) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.

  • colorrange = Makie.automatic: The colormap for the heatmap. This can be set to a vector of (low, high) if plotting a 3D raster or RasterStack.

  • nan_color = :transparent: The color which NaN values should take. Default to transparent.

source

Using vanilla Makie ​

julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources

The data

julia
layers = (:evenness, :range, :contrast, :correlation)
 st = RasterStack(EarthEnv{HabitatHeterogeneity}, layers)
 ausbounds = X(100 .. 160), Y(-50 .. -10) # Roughly cut out australia
 aus = st[ausbounds...] |> Rasters.trim
╭─────────────────────╮
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
     fig
 end
 save("aus_trim.png", current_figure());
CairoMakie.Screen{IMAGE}

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR800/plotting.html b/previews/PR800/plotting.html index 527d349a..f2564fd4 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/plotting.html +++ b/previews/PR800/plotting.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
Rasters.jl

Appearance

Plots, simple ​

Plots.jl and Makie.jl are fully supported by Rasters.jl, with recipes for plotting Raster and RasterStack provided. plot will plot a heatmap with axes matching dimension values. If mappedcrs is used, converted values will be shown on axes instead of the underlying crs values. contourf will similarly plot a filled contour plot.

Pixel resolution is limited to allow loading very large files quickly. max_res specifies the maximum pixel resolution to show on the longest axis of the array. It can be set manually to change the resolution (e.g. for large or high-quality plots):

julia
using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Plots
 A = Raster(WorldClim{BioClim}, 5)
-plot(A; max_res=3000)

For Makie, plot functions in a similar way. plot will only accept two-dimensional rasters. You can invoke contour, contourf, heatmap, surface or any Makie plotting function which supports surface-like data on a 2D raster.

To obtain tiled plots for 3D rasters and RasterStacks, use the function Rasters.rplot([gridposition], raster; kw_args...). This is an unexported function, since we're not sure how the API will change going forward.

Makie, simple ​

julia
using CairoMakie
+plot(A; max_res=3000)

For Makie, plot functions in a similar way. plot will only accept two-dimensional rasters. You can invoke contour, contourf, heatmap, surface or any Makie plotting function which supports surface-like data on a 2D raster.

To obtain tiled plots for 3D rasters and RasterStacks, use the function Rasters.rplot([gridposition], raster; kw_args...). This is an unexported function, since we're not sure how the API will change going forward.

Makie, simple ​

julia
using CairoMakie
 CairoMakie.activate!(px_per_unit = 2)
 using Rasters, CairoMakie, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL
 A = Raster(WorldClim{BioClim}, 5)
-Makie.plot(A)

Loading data ​

Our first example simply loads a file from disk and plots it.

This netcdf file only has one layer, if it has more we could use RasterStack instead.

julia
using Rasters, NCDatasets, Plots
+Makie.plot(A)

Loading data ​

Our first example simply loads a file from disk and plots it.

This netcdf file only has one layer, if it has more we could use RasterStack instead.

julia
using Rasters, NCDatasets, Plots
 using Downloads: download
 
 url = "https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/examples/tos_O1_2001-2002.nc";
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
   mappedcrs: EPSG:4326
 └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 [:, :, 1]
- ⋮      ⋱

Objects with Dimensions other than X and Y will produce multi-pane plots. Here we plot every third month in the first year in one plot:

julia
A[Ti=1:3:12] |> plot

Now plot the ocean temperatures around the Americas in the first month of 2001. Notice we are using lat/lon coordinates and date/time instead of regular indices. The time dimension uses DateTime360Day, so we need to load CFTime.jl to index it with Near.

julia
using CFTime
-A[Ti(Near(DateTime360Day(2001, 01, 17))), Y(-60.0 .. 90.0), X(45.0 .. 190.0)] |> plot

Now get the mean over the timespan, then save it to disk, and plot it as a filled contour.

Other plot functions and sliced objects that have only one X/Y/Z dimension fall back to generic DimensionalData.jl plotting, which will still correctly label plot axes.

julia
using Statistics
+ ⋮      ⋱

Objects with Dimensions other than X and Y will produce multi-pane plots. Here we plot every third month in the first year in one plot:

julia
A[Ti=1:3:12] |> plot

Now plot the ocean temperatures around the Americas in the first month of 2001. Notice we are using lat/lon coordinates and date/time instead of regular indices. The time dimension uses DateTime360Day, so we need to load CFTime.jl to index it with Near.

julia
using CFTime
+A[Ti(Near(DateTime360Day(2001, 01, 17))), Y(-60.0 .. 90.0), X(45.0 .. 190.0)] |> plot

Now get the mean over the timespan, then save it to disk, and plot it as a filled contour.

Other plot functions and sliced objects that have only one X/Y/Z dimension fall back to generic DimensionalData.jl plotting, which will still correctly label plot axes.

julia
using Statistics
 # Take the mean
 mean_tos = mean(A; dims=Ti)
╭─────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
 │ 180×170×1 Raster{Union{Missing, Float32},3} tos │
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 [:, :, 1]
  ⋮      ⋱

Plot a contour plot ​

julia
using Plots
-Plots.contourf(mean_tos; dpi=300, size=(800, 400))

write to disk ​

Write the mean values to disk

julia
write("mean_tos.nc", mean_tos)
"mean_tos.nc"

Plotting recipes in DimensionalData.jl are the fallback for Rasters.jl when the object doesn't have 2 X/Y/Z dimensions, or a non-spatial plot command is used. So (as a random example) we could plot a transect of ocean surface temperature at 20 degree latitude :

julia
A[Y(Near(20.0)), Ti(1)] |> plot

Polygon masking, mosaic and plot ​

In this example we will mask the Scandinavian countries with border polygons, then mosaic together to make a single plot.

First, get the country boundary shape files using GADM.jl.

using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Shapefile, Plots, Dates, Downloads, NCDatasets

Download the shapefile ​

julia
using Downloads
+Plots.contourf(mean_tos; dpi=300, size=(800, 400))

write to disk ​

Write the mean values to disk

julia
write("mean_tos.nc", mean_tos)
"mean_tos.nc"

Plotting recipes in DimensionalData.jl are the fallback for Rasters.jl when the object doesn't have 2 X/Y/Z dimensions, or a non-spatial plot command is used. So (as a random example) we could plot a transect of ocean surface temperature at 20 degree latitude :

julia
A[Y(Near(20.0)), Ti(1)] |> plot

Polygon masking, mosaic and plot ​

In this example we will mask the Scandinavian countries with border polygons, then mosaic together to make a single plot.

First, get the country boundary shape files using GADM.jl.

using Rasters, RasterDataSources, ArchGDAL, Shapefile, Plots, Dates, Downloads, NCDatasets

Download the shapefile ​

julia
using Downloads
 using Shapefile
 shapefile_url = "https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/raw/master/10m_cultural/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.shp"
 shapefile_name = "boundary_lines.shp"
@@ -128,12 +128,12 @@
     end
     return p
 end
borders! (generic function with 1 method)

Now we can plot the individual countries.

julia
dp = plot(denmark)
-borders!(dp, denmark_border)

and sweden

julia
sp = plot(sweden)
-borders!(sp, sweden_border)

and norway

julia
np = plot(norway)
-borders!(np, norway_border)

The Norway shape includes a lot of islands. Lets crop them out using .. intervals:

julia
norway_region = climate[X(0..40), Y(55..73)]
-plot(norway_region)

And mask it with the border again:

julia
norway = mask_trim(norway_region, norway_border)
+borders!(dp, denmark_border)

and sweden

julia
sp = plot(sweden)
+borders!(sp, sweden_border)

and norway

julia
np = plot(norway)
+borders!(np, norway_border)

The Norway shape includes a lot of islands. Lets crop them out using .. intervals:

julia
norway_region = climate[X(0..40), Y(55..73)]
+plot(norway_region)

And mask it with the border again:

julia
norway = mask_trim(norway_region, norway_border)
 np = plot(norway)
-borders!(np, norway_border)

Now we can combine the countries into a single raster using mosaic. first will take the first value if/when there is an overlap.

julia
scandinavia = mosaic(first, denmark, norway, sweden)
╭─────────────────────╮
+borders!(np, norway_border)

Now we can combine the countries into a single raster using mosaic. first will take the first value if/when there is an overlap.

julia
scandinavia = mosaic(first, denmark, norway, sweden)
╭─────────────────────╮
 │ 177×119 RasterStack │
 ├─────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
   ↓ X Projected{Float64} 3.1666666666666443:0.16666666666666666:32.49999999999998 ForwardOrdered Regular Intervals{Start},
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@
 borders!(p, denmark_border)
 borders!(p, norway_border)
 borders!(p, sweden_border)
-p

And save to netcdf - a single multi-layered file, and tif, which will write a file for each stack layer.

julia
write("scandinavia.nc", scandinavia)
+p

And save to netcdf - a single multi-layered file, and tif, which will write a file for each stack layer.

julia
write("scandinavia.nc", scandinavia)
 write("scandinavia.tif", scandinavia)
(tmin = "scandinavia_tmin.tif", tmax = "scandinavia_tmax.tif", prec = "scandinavia_prec.tif", wind = "scandinavia_wind.tif")

Rasters.jl provides a range of other methods that are being added to over time. Where applicable these methods read and write lazily to and from disk-based arrays of common raster file types. These methods also work for entire RasterStacks and RasterSeries using the same syntax.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR800/tutorials/methods/cellarea.html b/previews/PR800/tutorials/methods/cellarea.html index f38c1652..e9ef16fb 100644 --- a/previews/PR800/tutorials/methods/cellarea.html +++ b/previews/PR800/tutorials/methods/cellarea.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ 90.0 1.23017e6 1.19279e6 1.11917e6 1.01154e6 873182.0 708290.0 100.0 1.23017e6 1.19279e6 1.11917e6 1.01154e6 873182.0 708290.0 110.0 1.23017e6 1.19279e6 1.11917e6 1.01154e6 873182.0 708290.0 - 120.0 1.23017e6 1.19279e6 1.11917e6 1.01154e6 873182.0 708290.0

WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.

source

cellarea computes the area of each cell in a raster. This is useful for a number of reasons - if you have a variable like population per cell, or elevation (spatially extensive variables), you'll want to account for the fact that different cells have different areas.

cellarea returns a Raster with the same x and y dimensions as the input, where each value in the raster encodes the area of the cell (in meters by default).

You can specify whether you want to compute the area in the plane of your projection (Planar()), on a sphere of some radius (Spherical(; radius=...)). <!– or on an ellipsoid (Geodetic()), using the first argument.–>

Let's construct a raster and see what this looks like! We'll keep it in memory.

The spherical <!– and geodetic –> method relies on the Proj.jl package to perform coordinate transformation, so that has to be loaded explicitly.

julia
using Rasters, Proj

To construct a raster, we'll need to specify the x and y dimensions. These are called "lookups" in Rasters.jl.

julia
using Rasters.Lookups

We can now construct the x and y lookups. Here we'll use a start-at-one, step-by-five grid. Note that we're specifying that the "sampling", i.e., what the coordinates actually mean, is Intervals(Start()), meaning that the coordinates are the starting point of each interval.

This is in contrast to Points() sampling, where each index in the raster represents the value at a sampling point; here, each index represents a grid cell, which is defined by the coordinate being at the start.

julia
x = X(1:5:30; sampling = Intervals(Start()), crs = EPSG(4326))
+ 120.0  1.23017e6   1.19279e6   1.11917e6   1.01154e6  873182.0  708290.0

WARNING: This feature is experimental. It may change in future versions, and may not be 100% reliable in all cases. Please file github issues if problems occur.

source

cellarea computes the area of each cell in a raster. This is useful for a number of reasons - if you have a variable like population per cell, or elevation (spatially extensive variables), you'll want to account for the fact that different cells have different areas.

cellarea returns a Raster with the same x and y dimensions as the input, where each value in the raster encodes the area of the cell (in meters by default).

You can specify whether you want to compute the area in the plane of your projection (Planar()), on a sphere of some radius (Spherical(; radius=...)). <!– or on an ellipsoid (Geodetic()), using the first argument.–>

Let's construct a raster and see what this looks like! We'll keep it in memory.

The spherical <!– and geodetic –> method relies on the Proj.jl package to perform coordinate transformation, so that has to be loaded explicitly.

julia
using Rasters
+import Proj # to activate the spherical `cellarea` method
+import ArchGDAL # purely for data loading

To construct a raster, we'll need to specify the x and y dimensions. These are called "lookups" in Rasters.jl.

julia
using Rasters.Lookups

We can now construct the x and y lookups. Here we'll use a start-at-one, step-by-five grid. Note that we're specifying that the "sampling", i.e., what the coordinates actually mean, is Intervals(Start()), meaning that the coordinates are the starting point of each interval.

This is in contrast to Points() sampling, where each index in the raster represents the value at a sampling point; here, each index represents a grid cell, which is defined by the coordinate being at the start.

julia
x = X(1:5:30; sampling = Intervals(Start()), crs = EPSG(4326))
 y = Y(50:5:80; sampling = Intervals(Start()), crs = EPSG(4326))
Y

I have chosen the y-range here specifically so we can show the difference between spherical and planar cellarea.

julia
ras = Raster(ones(x, y); crs = EPSG(4326))
╭───────────────────────╮
 │ 6×7 Raster{Float64,2} │
 ├───────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
@@ -72,18 +74,34 @@
  11     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
  16     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10
  21     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11  …   6.68821e10   4.0334e10
- 26     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10

and if we plot it, you can see the difference in cell area as we go from the equator to the poles:

julia
using Makie, CairoMakie# , GeoMakie
-heatmap(ras; axis = (; aspect = DataAspect()))

We can also try this using the planar method, which simply computes the area of the rectangle using area = x_side_length * y_side_length:

@example
cellarea(ras, Planar())

Note that this is of course wildly inaccurate for a geographic dataset - but if you're working in a projected coordinate system, like polar stereographic or Mercator, this can be very useful (and a lot faster)!

Usage example ​

Let's get the rainfall over Chile, and compute the average rainfall per meter squared across the country for the month of June.

We'll get the precipitation data across the globe from WorldClim, via RasterDataSources.jl, and use the month keyword argument to get the June data.

Then, we can get the geometry of Chile from NaturalEarth.jl, and use Rasters.mask to get the data just for Chile.

@example
using RasterDataSources, NaturalEarth
+ 26     1.88114e11   1.66031e11   1.42685e11      6.68821e10   4.0334e10

and if we plot it, you can see the difference in cell area as we go from the equator to the poles:

julia
using Makie, CairoMakie
+heatmap(cellarea(ras); axis = (; aspect = DataAspect()))

We can also try this using the planar method, which simply computes the area of the rectangle using area = x_side_length * y_side_length:

julia
cellarea(Planar(), ras)
╭─────────────────────╮
+│ 6×7 Raster{Int64,2} │
+├─────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────── dims ┐
+  ↓ X Projected{Int64} 1:5:26 ForwardOrdered Regular Intervals{Start},
+  → Y Projected{Int64} 50:5:80 ForwardOrdered Regular Intervals{Start}
+├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── raster ┤
+  extent: Extent(X = (1, 31), Y = (50, 85))
+
+  crs: EPSG:4326
+└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+  ↓ →  50  55  60  65  70  75  80
+  1    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+  6    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 11    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 16    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 21    25  25  25  25  25  25  25
+ 26    25  25  25  25  25  25  25

Note that this is of course wildly inaccurate for a geographic dataset - but if you're working in a projected coordinate system, like polar stereographic or Mercator, this can be very useful (and a lot faster)!

Usage example ​

Let's get the rainfall over Chile, and compute the average rainfall per meter squared across the country for the month of June.

We'll get the precipitation data across the globe from WorldClim, via RasterDataSources.jl, and use the month keyword argument to get the June data.

Then, we can get the geometry of Chile from NaturalEarth.jl, and use Rasters.mask to get the data just for Chile.

@example
using RasterDataSources, NaturalEarth
 
 precip = Raster(WorldClim{Climate}, :prec; month = 6)
@example
all_countries = naturalearth("admin_0_countries", 10)
 chile = all_countries.geometry[findfirst(==("Chile"), all_countries.NAME)]

Let's plot the precipitation on the world map, and highlight Chile:

@example
f, a, p = heatmap(precip; colorrange = Makie.zscale(replace_missing(precip, NaN)), axis = (; aspect = DataAspect()))
-p2 = poly!(a, chile; color = (:red, 0.5))
+p2 = poly!(a, chile; color = (:red, 0.3), strokecolor = :red, strokewidth = 0.5)
 f

You can see Chile highlighted in red, in the bottom left quadrant.

First, let's make sure that we only have the data that we care about, and crop and mask the raster so it only has values in Chile. We can crop by the geometry, which really just generates a view into the raster that is bounded by the geometry's bounding box.

@example
cropped_precip = crop(precip; to = chile)

Now, we mask the data such that any data outside the geometry is set to missing.

@example
masked_precip = mask(cropped_precip; with = chile)
 heatmap(masked_precip)

This is a lot of missing data, but that's mainly because the Chile geometry we have encompasses the Easter Islands as well, in the middle of the Pacific.

Now, let's compute the average precipitation per square meter across Chile. First, we need to get the area of each cell in square meters. We'll use the spherical method, since we're working with a geographic coordinate system. This is the default.

@example
areas = cellarea(masked_precip)
 masked_areas = mask(areas; with = chile)
-heatmap(masked_areas; axis = (; title = "Cell area in square meters"))

Now we can compute the average precipitation per square meter. First, we compute total precipitation per grid cell:

@example
precip_per_area = masked_precip .* masked_areas

We can sum this to get the total precipitation per square meter across Chile:

@example
total_precip = sum(skipmissing(precip_per_area))

We can also sum the areas to get the total area of Chile (in this raster, at least).

@example
total_area = sum(skipmissing(masked_areas))

And we can convert that to an average by dividing by the total area:

@example
avg_precip = total_precip / total_area

So on average, Chile gets about 100mm of rain per square meter in June. Let's see what happens if we don't account for cell areas:

@example
bad_total_precip = sum(skipmissing(masked_precip))
+heatmap(masked_areas; axis = (; title = "Cell area in square meters"))

Now we can compute the average precipitation per square meter. First, we compute total precipitation per grid cell:

@example
precip_per_area = masked_precip .* masked_areas

We can sum this to get the total precipitation per square meter across Chile:

@example
total_precip = sum(skipmissing(precip_per_area))

We can also sum the areas to get the total area of Chile (in this raster, at least).

@example
total_area = sum(skipmissing(masked_areas))

And we can convert that to an average by dividing by the total area:

@example
avg_precip = total_precip / total_area

According to the internet, Chile gets about 100mm of rain per square meter in June, so our statistic seems pretty close.

Let's see what happens if we don't account for cell areas:

@example
bad_total_precip = sum(skipmissing(masked_precip))
 bad_avg_precip = bad_total_precip / length(collect(skipmissing(masked_precip)))

This is misestimated! This is why it's important to account for cell areas when computing averages.

Note

If you made it this far, congratulations!

It's interesting to note that we've replicated the workflow of zonal here. zonal is a more general function that can be used to compute any function over geometries, and it has multithreading built in.

But fundamentally, this is all that zonal is doing under the hood - masking and cropping the raster to the geometry, and then computing the statistic.

This page was generated using Literate.jl.

- + \ No newline at end of file