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RASPBERRY PI 3 - WIFI STATION+AP

Running the Raspberry Pi 3 as a Wifi client (station) and access point (ap) from the single built-in wifi.

Its been written about before, but this way is better. The access point device is created before networking starts (using udev) and there is no need to run anything from /etc/rc.local. No reboot, no scripts.

Use Cases

The Rpi 3 wifi chipset can support running an access point and a station function simultaneously. One use case is a device that connects to the cloud (the station, via a user's home wifi network) but that needs an admin interface (the access point) to configure the network. The user powers on the device, then logs into the access point using a specified SSID/password. The user runs a browser and connects to the access point IP address (or hostname), which is running a web server to configure the station network (the user's wifi).

Another use case might be to create a guest interface to your home wifi. You can configure the client side with your wifi particulars, then configure the access point with a password you can give out to your guests. When the party's over, change the access point password.

/etc/network/interfaces.d/ap

allow-hotplug uap0
auto uap0
iface uap0 inet static
    address 10.3.141.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0

/etc/udev/rules.d/90-wireless.rules

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="ieee80211", KERNEL=="phy0", \
    RUN+="/sbin/iw phy %k interface add uap0 type __ap"

/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-hooks/10-wpa_supplicant

if [ -z "$wpa_supplicant_conf" ]; then
	for x in \
		/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-"$interface".conf \
		/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf \
		/etc/wpa_supplicant-"$interface".conf \
		/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf \
	; do
		if [ -s "$x" ]; then
			wpa_supplicant_conf="$x"
			break
		fi
	done
fi
: ${wpa_supplicant_conf:=/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf}

if [ "$ifwireless" = "1" ] && \
    type wpa_supplicant >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
    type wpa_cli >/dev/null 2>&1
then
	if [ "$reason" = "IPV4LL" ]; then
		wpa_supplicant -B -iwlan0 -f/var/log/wpa_supplicant.log -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
	fi
fi

Set up the client wifi (station) on wlan0.

Create /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf. The contents depend on whether your home network is open, WEP or WPA. It is probably WPA, and so should look like:

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
country=US

network={
    ssid="_ST_SSID_"
    psk="_ST_PASSWORD_"
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}

Replace _ST_SSID_ with your home network SSID and _ST_PASSWORD_ with your wifi password (in clear text).

Install the packages you need for DNS, Access Point and Firewall rules.

apt-get update
apt-get install -y hostapd dnsmasq iptables-persistent

/etc/dnsmasq.conf

interface=lo,uap0
no-dhcp-interface=lo,wlan0
bind-interfaces
server=8.8.8.8
dhcp-range=10.3.141.50,10.3.141.255,12h

/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

interface=uap0
ssid=_AP_SSID_
hw_mode=g
channel=6
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=_AP_PASSWORD_
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

Replace _AP_SSID_ with the SSID you want for your access point. Replace _AP_PASSWORD_ with the password for your access point. Make sure it has enough characters to be a legal password! (8 characters minimum).

/etc/default/hostapd

DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

Bridge AP to cient side

This is optional. If you do this step, then someone connected to the AP side can browse the internet through the client side.

echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.3.141.0/24 ! -d 10.3.141.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4

REBOOT!

reboot