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<!doctype html><html><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><title>Burden of Disease - Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="How is the burden of disease distributed and how did it change over time?"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1149943818390250"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease"/><meta property="og:title" content="Burden of Disease"/><meta property="og:description" content="How is the burden of disease distributed and how did it change over time?"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/app/uploads/2019/12/dalys-rate-from-all-causes-768x542.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" 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content="2021/09/25"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Max Roser"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Hannah Ritchie"/></head><body class=""><header class="site-header"><div class="wrapper site-navigation-bar"><div class="site-logo"><a href="/">Our World<br/> in Data</a></div><nav class="site-navigation"><div class="topics-button-wrapper"><a href="/#entries" class="topics-button"><div class="label">Articles <br/><strong>by topic</strong></div><div class="icon"><svg width="12" height="6"><path d="M0,0 L12,0 L6,6 Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></a></div><div><div class="site-primary-navigation"><form class="HeaderSearch" action="/search" method="GET"><input type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search..."/><div class="icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="magnifying-glass" class="svg-inline--fa 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class="text"><strong>COVID-19 vaccinations, cases, excess mortality, and much more</strong></div><a href="/coronavirus#explore-the-global-situation" data-track-note="covid-banner-click">Explore our COVID-19 data</a></div></div><main><article class="page with-sidebar large-banner"><div class="offset-header"><header class="article-header"><div class="article-titles"><h1 class="entry-title">Burden of Disease</h1></div><div class="authors-byline"><a href="/team">by Max Roser and Hannah Ritchie</a></div><div class="blog-info">First published in 2016; most recent update in September 2021.</div><div class="tools"><a href="#licence"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="creative-commons" class="svg-inline--fa fa-creative-commons " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M245.8 214.9l-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.1 0l-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.6 8.05C104.7 8.05 0 123.1 0 256c0 138.5 113.6 248 247.6 248 129.9 0 248.4-100.9 248.4-248 0-137.9-106.6-248-248.4-248zm.87 450.8c-112.5 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.8 0-105.4 85.43-203.3 203.7-203.3 112.5 0 202.8 89.46 202.8 203.3-.01 121.7-99.68 202.8-202.8 202.8z"></path></svg>Reuse our work freely</a><a href="#citation"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="book" class="svg-inline--fa fa-book " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M448 336v-288C448 21.49 426.5 0 400 0H96C42.98 0 0 42.98 0 96v320c0 53.02 42.98 96 96 96h320c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-31.1c0-11.72-6.607-21.52-16-27.1v-81.36C441.8 362.8 448 350.2 448 336zM143.1 128h192C344.8 128 352 135.2 352 144C352 152.8 344.8 160 336 160H143.1C135.2 160 128 152.8 128 144C128 135.2 135.2 128 143.1 128zM143.1 192h192C344.8 192 352 199.2 352 208C352 216.8 344.8 224 336 224H143.1C135.2 224 128 216.8 128 208C128 199.2 135.2 192 143.1 192zM384 448H96c-17.67 0-32-14.33-32-32c0-17.67 14.33-32 32-32h288V448z"></path></svg>Cite this research</a></div></header></div><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="toc-wrapper"><aside class="entry-sidebar"><div class="sticky-sentinel"></div><nav class="entry-toc"><ul><li><a href="#" data-track-note="toc-header">Burden of Disease</a></li><li class="section"><a href="#premature-death-and-ill-health-the-global-burden-of-disease" data-track-note="toc-link">Premature death and ill health – the global burden of disease</a></li><li class="subsection"><a href="#the-global-distribution-of-the-disease-burden" data-track-note="toc-link">The global distribution of the disease burden</a></li><li class="subsection"><a href="#the-disease-burden-by-cause" data-track-note="toc-link">The disease burden by cause</a></li><li class="subsection"><a href="#the-disease-burden-by-age" data-track-note="toc-link">The disease burden by age</a></li><li class="section"><a href="#the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases" data-track-note="toc-link">The disease burden from non-communicable diseases</a></li><li class="subsection"><a href="#the-burden-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-diseases" data-track-note="toc-link">The burden from communicable, neonatal, maternal and nutritional diseases</a></li><li class="subsection"><a href="#the-burden-from-injuries-violence-self-harm-and-accidents" data-track-note="toc-link">The burden from injuries, violence, self-harm and accidents</a></li><li class="section"><a href="#income-and-disease-burden" data-track-note="toc-link">Income and disease burden</a></li><li class="subsection"><a href="#income-and-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases" data-track-note="toc-link">Income and disease burden from communicable diseases</a></li><li class="subsection"><a href="#income-and-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-nc-ds" data-track-note="toc-link">Income and disease burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs)</a></li><li class="section"><a href="#disease-burden-and-health-expenditure" data-track-note="toc-link">Disease burden and health expenditure</a></li><li class="section"><a href="#measurement-data-quality-definitions" data-track-note="toc-link">Measurement, Data Quality & Definitions</a></li><li class="section"><a href="#data-sources" data-track-note="toc-link">Data Sources</a></li><li class="section"><a href="#endnotes" data-track-note="toc-link">Endnotes</a></li><li class="section"><a href="#licence" data-track-note="toc-link">Licence</a></li><li class="section"><a href="#citation" data-track-note="toc-link">Citation</a></li></ul></nav><div class="toggle-toc"><button data-track-note="page-toggle-toc" aria-label="Open table of contents"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.33 14.33 64 32 64H416C433.7 64 448 78.33 448 96C448 113.7 433.7 128 416 128H32C14.33 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256C0 238.3 14.33 224 32 224H416C433.7 224 448 238.3 448 256C448 273.7 433.7 288 416 288H32C14.33 288 0 273.7 0 256zM416 448H32C14.33 448 0 433.7 0 416C0 398.3 14.33 384 32 384H416C433.7 384 448 398.3 448 416C448 433.7 433.7 448 416 448z"></path></svg><span class="label">Contents</span></button></div></aside></div><div class="offset-content"><div class="content-and-footnotes"><div class="article-content"><section><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>A straightforward way to assess the health status of a population is to focus on mortality – or concepts like <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality/">child mortality</a> or <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy/">life expectancy</a>, which are based on mortality estimates. A focus on mortality, however, does not take into account that the burden of diseases is not only that they kill people, but that they cause suffering to people who <em>live</em> with them.</p><p>Assessing health outcomes by both mortality <em>and</em> morbidity (the prevalent diseases) provides a more encompassing view on health outcomes. This is the topic of this entry.</p><p>The sum of mortality and morbidity is referred to as the ‘burden of disease’ and can be measured by a metric called ‘<em>Disability Adjusted Life Years</em>‘ (DALYs). DALYs are measuring lost health and are a standardized metric that allow for direct comparisons of disease burdens of different diseases across countries, between different populations, and over time. Conceptually, one DALY is the equivalent of losing one year in good health because of either <strong><em>premature death</em></strong> or <strong><em>disease or disability</em></strong>. One DALY represents one lost year of healthy life.</p><p>The first <em>‘Global Burden of Disease’</em> (GBD) was GBD 1990 and the DALY metric was prominently featured in the <a href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/5976/9780195208900_fm.pdf">World Bank’s 1993 World Development Report</a>. Today it is published by both the researchers at the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and the ‘Disease Burden Unit’ at the World Health Organization (WHO), which was created in 1998. The IHME continues the work that was started in the early 1990s and publishes the Global Burden of Disease study.</p><p>This entry presents data on burden of health across the world, breakdown by age, types of disability and disease, and regional/country breakdowns. The visualizations which follow can be explored by any country or region using the “Change country” option in the charts below.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="block-wrapper" data-reactroot=""><div data-variation="full-width" data-default-open="false" class="wp-block-owid-additional-information"><h3 data-track-note="additional-information-toggle"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="angle-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-angle-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 448c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L178.8 256L41.38 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-160 160C80.38 444.9 72.19 448 64 448z"></path></svg>All our interactive charts on Burden of Disease</h3><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 250ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 250ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content">
<div><div class="related-charts"><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><ul><li class="active"><a href="/grapher/asthma-prevalence"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/asthma-prevalence.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Asthma prevalence</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/dalys-rate-from-all-causes"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/dalys-rate-from-all-causes.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Burden of disease</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/burden-of-disease-by-cause"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/burden-of-disease-by-cause.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Burden of disease by cause</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/burden-of-disease-from-injuries-by-age"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/burden-of-disease-from-injuries-by-age.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Burden of disease from injuries, by age</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/daly-rates-from-all-causes-by-age"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/daly-rates-from-all-causes-by-age.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Burden of disease, by age group</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/pneumonia-risk-factors"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/pneumonia-risk-factors.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Child deaths from pneumonia by risk factor</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/burden-of-disease-rates-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-nutritional-diseases"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/burden-of-disease-rates-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-nutritional-diseases.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>DALY rates from communicable, neonatal, maternal & nutritional diseases</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/burden-of-disease-rates-from-injuries"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/burden-of-disease-rates-from-injuries.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>DALY rates from injuries</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/burden-of-disease-rates-from-ncds"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/burden-of-disease-rates-from-ncds.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>DALY rates from non-communicable diseases (NCDs)</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/death-rates-from-pneumonia-and-other-lower-respiratory-infections-vs-gdp-per-capita"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/death-rates-from-pneumonia-and-other-lower-respiratory-infections-vs-gdp-per-capita.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Death rate from pneumonia for children vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/pneumonia-and-lower-respiratory-diseases-deaths"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/pneumonia-and-lower-respiratory-diseases-deaths.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Deaths from pneumonia, by age</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/diabetes-prevalence"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/diabetes-prevalence.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Diabetes prevalence</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/diabetes-prevalence-vs-gdp-per-capita"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/diabetes-prevalence-vs-gdp-per-capita.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Diabetes prevalence vs GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-by-age"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-by-age.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden by age</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-by-risk-factor"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-by-risk-factor.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden by risk factor</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-to-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-to-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden due to communicable diseases vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-by-age"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-by-age.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden from communicable, maternal, neonatal & nutritional diseases by age</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden from communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-from-injuries"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-from-injuries.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden from injuries</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-from-ncds"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-from-ncds.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden from non-communicable diseases</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-from-ncds-by-age"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-from-ncds-by-age.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden from non-communicable diseases by age</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/dalys-to-ncds-vs-gdp"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/dalys-to-ncds-vs-gdp.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden from non-communicable diseases vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-vs-health-expenditure-per-capita"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-vs-health-expenditure-per-capita.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Disease burden vs. health expenditure per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/disease-burden-by-region"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/disease-burden-by-region.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Global disease burden by region</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/hepatitis-b-incidence-sdgs"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/hepatitis-b-incidence-sdgs.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Hepatitis B incidence rate</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/life-expectancy-vs-expected-years-lived-with-disability"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/life-expectancy-vs-expected-years-lived-with-disability.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Life expectancy vs. expected years lived with disability or disease</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/number-of-deaths-from-diarrheal-diseases-by-risk-factor-for-under-5s"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/number-of-deaths-from-diarrheal-diseases-by-risk-factor-for-under-5s.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Number of child deaths from diarrheal diseases by risk factor</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/share-of-disease-burden-from-ncds-vs-gdp"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/share-of-disease-burden-from-ncds-vs-gdp.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Share of disease burden from NCDs vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/share-of-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/share-of-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Share of disease burden from communicable diseases vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/share-of-total-disease-burden-by-cause"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/share-of-total-disease-burden-by-cause.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Share of total disease burden by cause</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/total-disease-burden-by-cause"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/total-disease-burden-by-cause.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Total disease burden by cause</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="/grapher/years-lived-with-disability-vs-gdp-per-capita"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/years-lived-with-disability-vs-gdp-per-capita.svg" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true" width="850" height="600"><span>Years lived with disease or disability vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="wp-block-column" id="all-charts-preview"><figure data-grapher-src="/grapher/asthma-prevalence"></figure></div></div></div></div>
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<section><div class="section-heading"><div class="wrapper"><div><h2 id="premature-death-and-ill-health-the-global-burden-of-disease">Premature death and ill health – the global burden of disease<a class="deep-link" href="#premature-death-and-ill-health-the-global-burden-of-disease"></a></h2></div><div class="in-this-section"><div class="label">In this section</div><div class="border"></div></div><ul class="subheadings"><li><a href="#the-global-distribution-of-the-disease-burden"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-down " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M374.6 310.6l-160 160C208.4 476.9 200.2 480 192 480s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 370.8V64c0-17.69 14.33-31.1 31.1-31.1S224 46.31 224 64v306.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0S387.1 298.1 374.6 310.6z"></path></svg><span>The global distribution of the disease burden</span></a></li><li><a href="#the-disease-burden-by-cause"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-down " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M374.6 310.6l-160 160C208.4 476.9 200.2 480 192 480s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 370.8V64c0-17.69 14.33-31.1 31.1-31.1S224 46.31 224 64v306.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0S387.1 298.1 374.6 310.6z"></path></svg><span>The disease burden by cause</span></a></li><li><a href="#the-disease-burden-by-age"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-down " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M374.6 310.6l-160 160C208.4 476.9 200.2 480 192 480s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 370.8V64c0-17.69 14.33-31.1 31.1-31.1S224 46.31 224 64v306.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0S387.1 298.1 374.6 310.6z"></path></svg><span>The disease burden by age</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>Human potential that is lost due to poor health is immense: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project aims to quantify this loss by estimating the number of healthy life years lost globally. This metric takes into account both, the human life years lost due to early death and the life years compromised by disease and disability. It is a massive study that takes into account thousands of datasets to capture the burden of diseases globally.</p><p>55.9 million people died in 2017. If we sum up all life years lost due to premature death – the sum of the differences between each person’s age of death and their life expectancy at that age – we find that the world population lost 1.65 billion years of potential life due to premature death in that year. Disease and disability meant that an additional 853 million years of healthy life years were lost.<a id="ref-1" class="ref" href="#note-1"><sup>1</sup></a></p><p>It is hard to get a sense of scale for these enormous numbers. One way to illustrate it is to put it in relation to the <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth">global population</a>, which was 7.53 billion in that year. The global burden of disease, viewed in this way, sums up to a third of a year lost for each person on the planet.<a id="ref-2" class="ref" href="#note-2"><sup>2</sup></a></p></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><h3 id="the-global-distribution-of-the-disease-burden">The global distribution of the disease burden<a class="deep-link" href="#the-global-distribution-of-the-disease-burden"></a></h3><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>This map shows DALYs per 100,000 people of the population. It is thereby measuring the distribution of the burden of both mortality <em>and</em> morbidity around the world.</p><p>We see that rates across the regions with the best health are below 20,000 DALYs per 100,000 individuals. In 2017 this is achieved in many European countries, but also in Canada, Israel, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Kuwait, the Maldives, and Australia.</p><p>In the worst-off regions, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, the rate is higher than 80,000 DALYs per 100,000. </p></div><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/dalys-rate-from-all-causes" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/dalys-rate-from-all-causes" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/dalys-rate-from-all-causes_v15_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Dalys rate from all causes v15 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div></div><h3 id="the-disease-burden-by-cause">The disease burden by cause<a class="deep-link" href="#the-disease-burden-by-cause"></a></h3><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>Epidemiologists break the disease burden down into three key categories of disability or disease – and this is shown in the chart here: non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [in blue]; communicable, <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-mortality">maternal</a>, neonatal and nutritional diseases [in red], and injuries [in grey].</p><p>We provide a more detailed breakdown of what sub-categories fall within each of these three groupings in our <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease#measurement-data-quality-definitions">Data Quality and Definitions</a> section. We also look at a higher-resolution breakdown within each of these groupings in the sections which follow.</p><p>At a global level, in 2017 more than 60 percent of the burden of disease results from non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with 28 percent from communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases, and just over 10 percent from injuries. </p><p>The chart also shows a notable shift since 1990, when communicable diseases held the highest share at 46 percent.</p><p>This shift in burden towards NCDs result from a significant reduction in communicable and preventable disease as <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth">incomes rise</a> and overall health and living standards improve. In high-income nations, NCDs typically account for more than 80 percent of disease burden. In contrast, communicable diseases to be low, at less than 5 percent. The opposite is true in low-income nations; communicable disease still accounts for more than 60 percent across many countries.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-disease-burden-by-cause?stackMode=relative" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-disease-burden-by-cause?stackMode=relative" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/total-disease-burden-by-cause-bb127cf20e258cae7b176045ef825838_v15_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Total disease burden by cause bb127cf20e258cae7b176045ef825838 v15 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="how-do-different-diseases-and-disabilities-contribute-towards-the-burden-of-disease">How do different diseases and disabilities contribute towards the burden of disease?<a class="deep-link" href="#how-do-different-diseases-and-disabilities-contribute-towards-the-burden-of-disease"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>In the two charts here we see the breakdown of the disease burden by cause. One chart shows the absolute numbers of DALYs by cause while the other presents share of the total DALYs by each cause. </p><p>Non-communicable diseases are shown in blue; communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases shown in red; and injuries shown in grey. </p><p>At a global level the largest disease burden in 2017 comes from cardiovascular diseases which account for 15 percent of the total. This is followed by <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-many-people-in-the-world-die-from-cancer">cancers</a> (9 percent); neonatal disorders (7 percent); muscoskeletal disorders (6 percent); and mental and substance use disorders (5 percent).</p><p>This attribution varies significantly across the world – these figures and rankings of the disease burden can be explored by country and region using the ‘change country’ option in the charts.</p><p>If we look at a lower-income country (e.g. Congo), we notice that communicable and neonatal diseases rank much higher. This is in stark contrast to a typical high-income nation (e.g. United States) where no communicable diseases fall within the top ten. Cardiovascular disease, cancer, muscoskeletal disorders and mental and substance use disorders form the top four health burdens across many upper-middle and high-income nations.</p><p>A dedicated <a href="http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/">IHME website</a> provides a very helpful interactive tool to explore all available data on burden of disease worldwide.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-side-by-side"><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/burden-of-disease-by-cause" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/burden-of-disease-by-cause" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/burden-of-disease-by-cause_v27_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Burden of disease by cause v27 850x600"></div>
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</figure></div></div><h3 id="the-disease-burden-by-age">The disease burden by age<a class="deep-link" href="#the-disease-burden-by-age"></a></h3><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>In the two chart here we see the breakdown of total disease burden by age group from 1990 onwards. This is shown as the relative breakdown of the total disease burden and by the rates of burden per 100,000 individuals within a given age group.</p><p>Overall we see a continued decline in health burden in <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality">children under 5 years old</a>; both in relative terms (falling as a share of the total by more than half, from 41 in 1990 to 20 percent in 2017), and in rates per 100,000 (falling more than 50 percent from over 160,000 to less than half in 2017).</p><p>Nonetheless, rates of disease burden remain highest in the youngest and oldest in society. DALY rates in under-5s and those over 70 years old remain significantly higher than other age groups. They have, however, seen the most notable declines in recent decades.</p><p>At a global level, collective rates across all ages have been in steady decline. This shows that global health has improved considerably over the course of the last generation.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-side-by-side"><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-by-age?stackMode=relative" class="grapherPreview">
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<section><div class="section-heading"><div class="wrapper"><div><h2 id="the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases">The disease burden from non-communicable diseases<a class="deep-link" href="#the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases"></a></h2></div><div class="in-this-section"><div class="label">In this section</div><div class="border"></div></div><ul class="subheadings"><li><a href="#the-burden-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-diseases"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-down " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M374.6 310.6l-160 160C208.4 476.9 200.2 480 192 480s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 370.8V64c0-17.69 14.33-31.1 31.1-31.1S224 46.31 224 64v306.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0S387.1 298.1 374.6 310.6z"></path></svg><span>The burden from communicable, neonatal, maternal and nutritional diseases</span></a></li><li><a href="#the-burden-from-injuries-violence-self-harm-and-accidents"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-down " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M374.6 310.6l-160 160C208.4 476.9 200.2 480 192 480s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 370.8V64c0-17.69 14.33-31.1 31.1-31.1S224 46.31 224 64v306.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0S387.1 298.1 374.6 310.6z"></path></svg><span>The burden from injuries, violence, self-harm and accidents</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>The visualizations here focus on the disease burden resulting from non-communicable diseases (NCDs).</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases">The disease burden from non-communicable diseases<a class="deep-link" href="#the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/burden-of-disease-rates-from-ncds" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/burden-of-disease-rates-from-ncds" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/burden-of-disease-rates-from-ncds_v14_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Burden of disease rates from ncds v14 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="the-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-by-sub-category">The burden from non-communicable diseases by sub-category<a class="deep-link" href="#the-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-by-sub-category"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-ncds" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-ncds" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/disease-burden-from-ncds_v13_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Disease burden from ncds v13 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="the-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-by-age">The burden from non-communicable diseases by age<a class="deep-link" href="#the-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-by-age"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-ncds-by-age?stackMode=relative" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-ncds-by-age?stackMode=relative" target="_blank">
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><h3 id="the-burden-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-diseases">The burden from communicable, neonatal, maternal and nutritional diseases<a class="deep-link" href="#the-burden-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-diseases"></a></h3><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-the-burden-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-diseases">The burden from communicable, neonatal, maternal and nutritional diseases<a class="deep-link" href="#the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-the-burden-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-diseases"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>We see strong differentiation, with high burden across Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in particular. </p><p>Most countries across these regions have DALY losses greater than 25,000 per 100,000 individuals, reaching over 50,000 in the Central African Republic. Rates in Europe and North America, in contrast, are typically greater than ten times lower, below 2500 per 100,000.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/burden-of-disease-rates-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-nutritional-diseases" class="grapherPreview">
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<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/burden-of-disease-rates-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-nutritional-diseases_v15_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Burden of disease rates from communicable neonatal maternal nutritional diseases v15 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-disease-burden-by-specific-cause">Communicable, neonatal, maternal and nutritional disease burden by specific cause<a class="deep-link" href="#communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-disease-burden-by-specific-cause"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p> There has been a significant reduction in global burden from communicable diseases in recent decades, falling from over 1.1 billion in 1990 to below 670,000 in 2016 (around a 40 percent reduction). This category of health conditions are dominated by diarrheal and other infectious diseases, and neonatal disorders. Globally, these two causes alone account for more than 60% of communicable disease DALY losses.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases_v12_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Disease burden from communicable diseases v12 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-disease-burden-by-age">Communicable, neonatal, maternal and nutritional disease burden by age<a class="deep-link" href="#communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-disease-burden-by-age"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>The <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality">burden in under-5s</a> represents over half of losses (although this share continues to decline, falling from almost 75 percent in 1990).<br></p></div><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-by-age?stackMode=relative" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-by-age?stackMode=relative" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-by-age-bb127cf20e258cae7b176045ef825838_v12_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Disease burden from communicable diseases by age bb127cf20e258cae7b176045ef825838 v12 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div></div><h3 id="the-burden-from-injuries-violence-self-harm-and-accidents">The burden from injuries, violence, self-harm and accidents<a class="deep-link" href="#the-burden-from-injuries-violence-self-harm-and-accidents"></a></h3><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>The category of injuries is broad and encompasses not only accidents (unintentional injuries such as falls, fire and drowning, as well as transport injuries), but also <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/natural-catastrophes">natural disasters</a> and violence including <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/homicides">interpersonal violence</a>, <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/war-and-peace">conflict</a>, <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism">terrorism</a> and <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/suicide">self-harm</a>. See <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease#measurement-data-quality-definitions">Data Quality and Definitions</a> for a breakdown of these categories.</p><p>The charts here provide an overview of health burden from injuries. </p></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-the-burden-from-injuries-violence-self-harm-and-accidents">The burden from injuries, violence, self-harm and accidents<a class="deep-link" href="#the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-the-burden-from-injuries-violence-self-harm-and-accidents"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/burden-of-disease-rates-from-injuries" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/burden-of-disease-rates-from-injuries" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/burden-of-disease-rates-from-injuries_v15_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Burden of disease rates from injuries v15 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="the-burden-of-injury-violence-self-harm-and-accidents-by-type">The burden of injury, violence, self-harm and accidents by type<a class="deep-link" href="#the-burden-of-injury-violence-self-harm-and-accidents-by-type"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>Road accidents are particularly dominant within this category. However, interpersonal violence and self-harm also constitute a high share of health burden. You will notice that burden attributed to both conflict & terrorism and natural disasters are highly volatile (creating dramatic spikes from year-to-year. We discuss the impact of this volatility on overall trends in the context of death in our blog post <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/is-it-fair-to-compare-terrorism-and-disaster-with-other-causes-of-death">here</a>.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-injuries" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-from-injuries" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/disease-burden-from-injuries_v12_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Disease burden from injuries v12 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="the-burden-from-injuries-violence-self-harm-and-accidents-by-age">The burden from injuries, violence, self-harm and accidents by age<a class="deep-link" href="#the-burden-from-injuries-violence-self-harm-and-accidents-by-age"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/burden-of-disease-from-injuries-by-age?stackMode=relative" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/burden-of-disease-from-injuries-by-age?stackMode=relative" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/burden-of-disease-from-injuries-by-age-bb127cf20e258cae7b176045ef825838_v12_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Burden of disease from injuries by age bb127cf20e258cae7b176045ef825838 v12 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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<section><div class="section-heading"><div class="wrapper"><div><h2 id="income-and-disease-burden">Income and disease burden<a class="deep-link" href="#income-and-disease-burden"></a></h2></div><div class="in-this-section"><div class="label">In this section</div><div class="border"></div></div><ul class="subheadings"><li><a href="#income-and-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-down " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M374.6 310.6l-160 160C208.4 476.9 200.2 480 192 480s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 370.8V64c0-17.69 14.33-31.1 31.1-31.1S224 46.31 224 64v306.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0S387.1 298.1 374.6 310.6z"></path></svg><span>Income and disease burden from communicable diseases</span></a></li><li><a href="#income-and-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-nc-ds"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-down " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M374.6 310.6l-160 160C208.4 476.9 200.2 480 192 480s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 370.8V64c0-17.69 14.33-31.1 31.1-31.1S224 46.31 224 64v306.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0S387.1 298.1 374.6 310.6z"></path></svg><span>Income and disease burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs)</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>The visualization here shows the relationship between average income – measured by GNI per capita – and the Burden of Disease. The Burden of Disease is disaggregated into the health burden due to communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases.</p><p>The chart shows that communicable diseases in particular are closely correlated to average income levels. The relationship that was estimated by Sterck et al. 2017<a id="ref-3" class="ref" href="#note-3"><sup>3</sup></a> is shown in the legend. GNI per capita has a strong negative correlation with log DALYs lost due to communicable diseases with an elasticity of -0·88. On the other hand, the non-communicable disease burden is much less strongly associated with average income (the elasticity is estimated to be -0·13). Another conclusion we can draw from this chart is that the relationship between GNI per capita and DALYs lost due to the disease burden of communicable diseases is best captured by a log-log function.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" width="750" height="532" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2016/01/lin-DALYs-vs-lin-GNI-final-750x532.png" alt="Lin dalys vs lin gni final" class="wp-image-9989" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2016/01/lin-DALYs-vs-lin-GNI-final-750x532.png 750w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2016/01/lin-DALYs-vs-lin-GNI-final-150x106.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2016/01/lin-DALYs-vs-lin-GNI-final-400x284.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2016/01/lin-DALYs-vs-lin-GNI-final-768x545.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2016/01/lin-DALYs-vs-lin-GNI-final.png"></figure></div></div></div><h3 id="income-and-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases">Income and disease burden from communicable diseases<a class="deep-link" href="#income-and-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases"></a></h3><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>The health burden due to communicable diseases vs GDP per capita is shown in the following visualizations. The correlation between both measures is apparent: both DALY loss rates and the total share from communicable diseases tend to decline with increasing incomes. But despite this correlation, Sterck et al. 2017<a id="ref-4" class="ref" href="#note-4"><sup>4</sup></a> find that GNI is not a significant predictor of health outcomes once other factors are controlled for. The first of these other factors is individual poverty – relative to a health poverty line of 10.89 international-$ per day. The second factor is the epidemiological surrounding of a country which captures the health status of neighbouring countries. And the third important factor is institutional capacity.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-side-by-side"><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-to-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-to-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/disease-burden-to-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp_v26_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Disease burden to communicable diseases vs gdp v26 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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</figure></div><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/share-of-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases-vs-gdp_v24_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Share of disease burden from communicable diseases vs gdp v24 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
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<span class="label">Click to open interactive version</span>
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</a>
</figure></div></div><h3 id="income-and-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-nc-ds">Income and disease burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs)<a class="deep-link" href="#income-and-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-nc-ds"></a></h3><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>The two charts here highlight two important relationships between non-communicable disease burden and income. The first suggests that rates of burden from NCDs is highest at lower-incomes and tends to decline with development. DALYs lost from NCDs are typically lower at higher incomes.</p><p>However, it is also true that NCDs constitute a dominant share of disease burden at higher incomes (often over 80 percent). The fact that both of these relationships are true: that NCD burden tends to decline with development, but increases its share of overall disease burden further highlights that <em>total</em> health burden declines significantly with improving living standards and healthcare.</p><p>The fact that NCD DALY losses at low-income are high, but still only constitute a small share of overall health burden emphasises the scale of DALY losses from communicable and preventable diseases which remain. <br></p></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-side-by-side"><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/dalys-lost-to-ncds-vs-gdp" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/dalys-lost-to-ncds-vs-gdp" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/dalys-lost-to-ncds-vs-gdp_v25_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Dalys lost to ncds vs gdp v25 850x600"></div>
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<span class="icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="hand-pointer" class="svg-inline--fa fa-hand-pointer fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 617">
<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
</svg></span>
<span class="label">Click to open interactive version</span>
</div>
</a>
</figure></div><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-disease-burden-from-ncds-vs-gdp" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-disease-burden-from-ncds-vs-gdp" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/share-of-disease-burden-from-ncds-vs-gdp_v23_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Share of disease burden from ncds vs gdp v23 850x600"></div>
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<span class="icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="hand-pointer" class="svg-inline--fa fa-hand-pointer fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 617">
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<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
</svg></span>
<span class="label">Click to open interactive version</span>
</div>
</a>
</figure></div></div></section>
<section><div class="section-heading"><div class="wrapper"><div><h2 id="disease-burden-and-health-expenditure">Disease burden and health expenditure<a class="deep-link" href="#disease-burden-and-health-expenditure"></a></h2></div></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>The visualization shows the relationship between total health burden, given as rates of DALY losses per 100,000 individuals (from all causes) versus average per capita health expenditure (in US dollars). At low levels of <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/financing-healthcare">health expenditure</a> we see a steep decline in health burden as per capita expenditure increases. However, towards mid-range health expenditure levels we begin to see a significant tailing off of burden reduction.</p><p>This diminishing rate of return stagnates at around 20,000 DALYs per 100,000 individuals. Nonetheless, per capita health expenditure at this level of health burden varies by several multiples. Countries such as the United States, Norway and Switzerland have a per capita expenditure over $9,000 per year, but have achieved little or no burden reduction relative to other high-income nations with a per capita expenditure less than half of these figures. Some countries – such as South Korea – have achieved one of the lowest rates of health burden with an expenditure of around $2,000 per capita.</p></div><div class="wp-block-column"><figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-vs-health-expenditure-per-capita" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/disease-burden-vs-health-expenditure-per-capita" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/disease-burden-vs-health-expenditure-per-capita_v19_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Disease burden vs health expenditure per capita v19 850x600"></div>
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<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
</svg></span>
<span class="label">Click to open interactive version</span>
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</a>
</figure></div></div></section>
<section><div class="section-heading"><div class="wrapper"><div><h2 id="measurement-data-quality-definitions">Measurement, Data Quality & Definitions<a class="deep-link" href="#measurement-data-quality-definitions"></a></h2></div></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost is a standardized metric allowing for direct comparison and summing of burdens of different diseases. Conceptually, one DALY is the equivalent of one year in good health lost because of premature mortality or disability (see Murray et al. 2015<a id="ref-5" class="ref" href="#note-5"><sup>5</sup></a>). Assessing health outcomes by both mortality and morbidity provides a more encompassing view on health outcomes than only looking at mortality or life expectancy alone.</p><p>Three categories of health conditions and burdens are distinguished:</p><ol><li>Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional diseases;</li><li>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs);</li><li>Injuries (which include violence and conflict).</li></ol><p>The sub-categories of disease or health burden, as differentiated in the data provided in this entry from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) are detailed in the table.<br><br>
</p><p></p></div><div class="wp-block-column"><div class="tableContainer"><table id="tablepress-84" class="tablepress tablepress-id-84">
<thead>
<tr class="row-1 odd">
<th class="column-1">Communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases</th><th class="column-2">Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)</th><th class="column-3">Injuries</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="row-hover">
<tr class="row-2 even">
<td class="column-1">Diarrhea, lower respiratory & other common infectious diseases</td><td class="column-2">Cardiovascular diseases (inc. stroke, heart disease and heart failure)</td><td class="column-3">Road injuries</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-3 odd">
<td class="column-1">Neonatal disorders</td><td class="column-2">Cancers</td><td class="column-3">Other transport injuries</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-4 even">
<td class="column-1">Maternal disorders</td><td class="column-2">Respiratory disease</td><td class="column-3">Falls</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-5 odd">
<td class="column-1">Malaria & neglected tropical diseases</td><td class="column-2">Diabetes, blood and endocrine diseases</td><td class="column-3">Drowning</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-6 even">
<td class="column-1">Nutritional deficiencies</td><td class="column-2">Mental and substance use disorders</td><td class="column-3">Fire, heat and hot substances</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-7 odd">
<td class="column-1">HIV/AIDS</td><td class="column-2">Liver diseases</td><td class="column-3">Poisonings</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-8 even">
<td class="column-1">Tuberculosis</td><td class="column-2">Digestive diseases</td><td class="column-3">Self-harm</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-9 odd">
<td class="column-1">Other communicable diseases</td><td class="column-2">Musculoskeletal disorders</td><td class="column-3">Interpersonal violence</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-10 even">
<td class="column-1"></td><td class="column-2">Neurological disorders (including dementia)</td><td class="column-3">Conflict & terrorism</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-11 odd">
<td class="column-1"></td><td class="column-2">Other NCDs</td><td class="column-3">Natural disasters</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div></div></div></section>
<section><div class="section-heading"><div class="wrapper"><div><h2 id="data-sources">Data Sources<a class="deep-link" href="#data-sources"></a></h2></div></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="institute-for-health-metrics-and-evaluation-ihme-burden-of-disease-study">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) – Burden of Disease study<a class="deep-link" href="#institute-for-health-metrics-and-evaluation-ihme-burden-of-disease-study"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><ul><li><strong>Data: </strong>DALYs lost</li><li><strong>Geographical coverage: </strong>Global by country</li><li><strong>Time span: </strong>since 1990</li><li><strong>Available at: </strong>At the <a href="http://www.healthdata.org/gbd">IHME website</a> or directly via the <a href="http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/">visualization tool of IHME</a>. </li></ul></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div></section>
</div><footer class="article-footer"><div class="wp-block-columns"><div class="wp-block-column"><h3 id="endnotes">Endnotes</h3><ol class="endnotes"><li id="note-1"><p><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/dalys-rate-from-all-causes">This map</a> shows the distribution between countries. The poorest countries do suffer from much poorer health, but even in the world’s richest countries health problems are still very severe.</p></li><li id="note-2"><p>This is a <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/dalys-rate-from-all-causes?tab=chart&country=OWID_WRL">decline from 48%</a> in 1990. </p>
<p>Also important to remember that this is the burden relative to life expectancies that are possible today. The suffering caused by age-associated morbidity and mortality remains a problem too, and solving it will increase the expected length of life.</p></li><li id="note-3"><p>Sterck, O., Roser, M., Ncube, M., Thewissen, S. (forthcoming) – Allocation of development assistance for health: Is the predominance of national income justified? (accepted in Health Policy and Planning).</p></li><li id="note-4"><p>Sterck, O., Roser, M., Ncube, M., Thewissen, S. (forthcoming) – Allocation of development assistance for health: Is the predominance of national income justified? (accepted in Health Policy and Planning).</p></li><li id="note-5"><p>Murray CJL, Barber RM, Foreman KJ, et al. 2015. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition. Lancet 386:2145–91.</p></li></ol><h3 id="licence">Reuse our work freely</h3><p>All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Creative Commons BY license</a>. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.</p><p>The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution.</p><p>All of <a href="/how-to-use-our-world-in-data#how-to-embed-interactive-charts-in-your-article">our charts can be embedded</a> in any site.</p><h3 id="citation">Citation</h3><p>Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. When citing this entry, please also cite the underlying data sources. This entry can be cited as:</p><pre class="citation">Max Roser and Hannah Ritchie (2021) - "Burden of Disease". <em>Published online at OurWorldInData.org.</em> Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease' [Online Resource]</pre><p>BibTeX citation</p><pre class="citation">@article{owidburdenofdisease,
author = {Max Roser and Hannah Ritchie},
title = {Burden of Disease},
journal = {Our World in Data},
year = {2021},
note = {https://ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease}
}</pre></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div></footer></div></div></div></article></main><div id="wpadminbar" style="display:none"><div class="quicklinks" id="wp-toolbar" role="navigation" aria-label="Toolbar"><ul id="wp-admin-bar-root-default" class="ab-top-menu"><li id="wp-admin-bar-site-name" class="menupop"><a class="ab-item" aria-haspopup="true" href="https://owid.cloud/wp/wp-admin">Wordpress</a></li> <li id="wp-admin-bar-edit"><a class="ab-item" href="https://owid.cloud/wp/wp-admin/post.php?post=6890&action=edit">Edit Page</a></li></ul></div></div><section class="donate-footer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="owid-row flex-align-center"><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-3 owid-padding-bottom--sm-3"><p>Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone.</p><p>Help us do this work by making a donation.</p></div><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-1"><a href="/donate" class="owid-button donate-button" data-track-note="donate-footer"><span class="label">Donate now</span><span class="icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="angle-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-angle-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 448c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L178.8 256L41.38 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-160 160C80.38 444.9 72.19 448 64 448z"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></div></section><footer class="site-footer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="owid-row"><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-1"><ul><li><a href="/about" data-track-note="footer-navigation">About</a></li><li><a href="/about#contact" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Contact</a></li><li><a href="/feedback" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Feedback</a></li><li><a href="/jobs" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Jobs</a></li><li><a href="/funding" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Funding</a></li><li><a href="/about/how-to-use-our-world-in-data" data-track-note="footer-navigation">How to use</a></li><li><a href="/donate" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Donate</a></li><li><a href="/privacy-policy" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Privacy policy</a></li></ul></div><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-1"><ul><li><a href="/blog" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Latest work</a></li><li><a href="/charts" data-track-note="footer-navigation">All charts</a></li></ul><ul><li><a href="https://twitter.com/OurWorldInData" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/OurWorldinData" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Facebook</a></li><li><a href="https://instagram.com/ourworldindata_official" data-track-note="footer-navigation">Instagram</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/owid" data-track-note="footer-navigation">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="/feed" data-track-note="footer-navigation">RSS Feed</a></li></ul></div><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-1"><div class="logos"><a href="https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/global-development" class="partner-logo" data-track-note="footer-navigation"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/oms-logo.svg" alt="Oxford Martin School logo" loading="lazy"/></a><a href="/owid-at-ycombinator" class="partner-logo" data-track-note="footer-navigation"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/yc-logo.png" alt="Y Combinator logo" loading="lazy"/></a></div></div><div class="owid-col flex-2"><div class="legal"><p>Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Creative Commons BY license</a>. 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runTableOfContents({"headings":[{"text":"Premature death and ill health – the global burden of disease","slug":"premature-death-and-ill-health-the-global-burden-of-disease","isSubheading":false},{"text":"The global distribution of the disease burden","slug":"the-global-distribution-of-the-disease-burden","isSubheading":true},{"text":"The disease burden by cause","slug":"the-disease-burden-by-cause","isSubheading":true},{"text":"The disease burden by age","slug":"the-disease-burden-by-age","isSubheading":true},{"text":"The disease burden from non-communicable diseases","slug":"the-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases","isSubheading":false},{"text":"The burden from communicable, neonatal, maternal and nutritional diseases","slug":"the-burden-from-communicable-neonatal-maternal-and-nutritional-diseases","isSubheading":true},{"text":"The burden from injuries, violence, self-harm and accidents","slug":"the-burden-from-injuries-violence-self-harm-and-accidents","isSubheading":true},{"text":"Income and disease burden","slug":"income-and-disease-burden","isSubheading":false},{"text":"Income and disease burden from communicable diseases","slug":"income-and-disease-burden-from-communicable-diseases","isSubheading":true},{"text":"Income and disease burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs)","slug":"income-and-disease-burden-from-non-communicable-diseases-nc-ds","isSubheading":true},{"text":"Disease burden and health expenditure","slug":"disease-burden-and-health-expenditure","isSubheading":false},{"text":"Measurement, Data Quality & Definitions","slug":"measurement-data-quality-definitions","isSubheading":false},{"text":"Data Sources","slug":"data-sources","isSubheading":false},{"text":"Endnotes","slug":"endnotes","isSubheading":false},{"text":"Licence","slug":"licence","isSubheading":false},{"text":"Citation","slug":"citation","isSubheading":false}],"pageTitle":"Burden of Disease"})
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