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12-IO.html
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,height=device-height,initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><style>@media screen{body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button{appearance:none;background-color:initial;border:0;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;opacity:.8;outline:none;padding:0;transition:opacity .2s linear;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.15!important}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:hover{opacity:1}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:active,body[data-bespoke-view=next] 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.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons{background:#000000a6;border-radius:4px;bottom:0;display:flex;gap:4px;margin:12px;opacity:0;padding:6px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0;transition:opacity .2s linear}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons:focus-within,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-wrapper:focus-within+.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container:hover .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:calc(1.1em*var(--bespoke-marp-note-font-scale, 1));height:calc(100% - 40px);margin:20px;overflow:auto;padding-right:3px;white-space:pre-wrap;width:calc(100% - 40px);word-wrap:break-word;scrollbar-color:#eeeeee80 #0000;scrollbar-width:thin}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:#0000}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#eeeeee80;border-radius:6px}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note:empty{pointer-events:none}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note.active{display:block}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note p:first-child{margin-top:0}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;color:#eee;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;grid-area:info;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding:0 10px}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-time,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-timer{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button{height:1.5em;line-height:1.5em;width:1.5em}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page{order:2;text-align:center}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page-text{display:inline-block;min-width:120px;text-align:center}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-time{color:#999;order:1;text-align:left}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-timer{color:#999;order:3;text-align:right}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-timer:hover{cursor:pointer}}@media print{.bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container,.bespoke-marp-presenter-next-container,.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container{display:none}}</style><style>@charset "UTF-8";@import "https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Lato:400,900|Roboto+Mono:400,700&display=swap";div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section{width:1280px;height:720px;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;position:relative;scroll-snap-align:center center;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section::after{bottom:0;content:attr(data-marpit-pagination);padding:inherit;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:not([data-marpit-pagination])::after{display:none}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1){font-size:2em;margin:0.67em 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section video::-webkit-media-controls{will-change:transform}@page {size:1280px 720px;margin:0}@media print{html, body{background-color:#fff;margin:0;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-page}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section{page-break-before:always;break-before:page}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section, div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section *{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact!important;animation-delay:0s!important;animation-duration:0s!important;color-adjust:exact!important;transition:none!important}div#\:\$p > svg[data-marpit-svg]{display:block;height:100vh;width:100vw}}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > :where(section){container-type:size}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section img[data-marp-twemoji]{background:transparent;height:1em;margin:0 .05em 0 .1em;vertical-align:-.1em;width:1em}/*!
* Marp / Marpit Gaia theme.
*
* @theme gaia
* @author Yuki Hattori
*
* @auto-scaling true
* @size 16:9 1280px 720px
* @size 4:3 960px 720px
*/div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre) code.hljs{display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section code.hljs{padding:3px 5px}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs{background:#000;color:#f8f8f8}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-comment,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-quote{color:#aeaeae;font-style:italic}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-keyword,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-selector-tag,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-type{color:#e28964}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-string{color:#65b042}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-subst{color:#daefa3}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-link,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-regexp{color:#e9c062}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-name,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-section,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-tag,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-title{color:#89bdff}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-class .hljs-title,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-doctag,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-title.class_{text-decoration:underline}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-bullet,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-number,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-symbol{color:#3387cc}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-params,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-template-variable,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-variable{color:#3e87e3}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-attribute{color:#cda869}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-meta{color:#8996a8}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-formula{background-color:#0e2231;color:#f8f8f8;font-style:italic}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-addition{background-color:#253b22;color:#f8f8f8}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-deletion{background-color:#420e09;color:#f8f8f8}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-selector-class{color:#9b703f}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-selector-id{color:#8b98ab}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-emphasis{font-style:italic}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-strong{font-weight:700}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6){margin:.5em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6) strong{font-weight:inherit}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:580px}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1){font-size:1.8em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2){font-size:1.5em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3){font-size:1.3em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4){font-size:1.1em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5){font-size:1em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6){font-size:.9em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section p{margin:1em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section ol>li,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section ul>li{margin:.3em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section ol>li>p,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section ul>li>p{margin:.6em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section code{display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto Mono,monospace;font-size:.8em;letter-spacing:0;margin:-.1em .15em;padding:.1em .2em;vertical-align:baseline}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre){display:block;margin:1em 0 0;overflow:visible}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre) code{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:.7em;margin:0;min-width:100%;padding:.5em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:calc(580px - 1em)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote{margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 1em;position:relative}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:after,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:before{content:"“";display:block;font-family:Times New Roman,serif;font-weight:700;position:absolute}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:before{left:0;top:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:after{bottom:0;right:0;transform:rotate(180deg)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote>:first-child{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section mark{background:transparent}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;margin:1em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table td,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table th{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:.2em .4em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section footer,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section header,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:after{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:66%;height:70px;line-height:50px;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 25px;position:absolute}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:after{--marpit-root-font-size:66%;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section header{top:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section footer,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section header{left:0;right:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section footer{bottom:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section{background-color:var(--color-background);background-image:linear-gradient(135deg, hsla(0,0%,53%,0), hsla(0,0%,53%,.02) 50%, hsla(0,0%,100%,0) 0, hsla(0,0%,100%,.05));color:var(--color-foreground);font-family:Lato,Avenir Next,Avenir,Trebuchet MS,Segoe UI,sans-serif;font-size:35px;height:720px;letter-spacing:1.25px;line-height:1.35;padding:70px;width:1280px;word-wrap:break-word;--color-background:#fff8e1;--color-background-stripe:rgba(69,90,100,.1);--color-foreground:#455a64;--color-dimmed:#6a7a7d;--color-highlight:#0288d1;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section{--marpit-root-font-size:35px;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:after{bottom:0;font-size:80%;right:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:after{--marpit-root-font-size:80%;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section a,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section mark{color:var(--color-highlight)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section code{background:var(--color-dimmed);color:var(--color-background)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6) strong{color:var(--color-highlight)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre){background:var(--color-foreground)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre)>code{background:transparent}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:after,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:before,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section footer,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section header,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section section:after{color:var(--color-dimmed)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table td,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table th{border-color:var(--color-foreground)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table thead th{background:var(--color-foreground);color:var(--color-background)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table tbody>tr:nth-child(odd) td,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table tbody>tr:nth-child(odd) th{background:var(--color-background-stripe, transparent)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section>:first-child,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section>header:first-child+*{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.invert){--color-background:#455a64;--color-background-stripe:rgba(255,248,225,.1);--color-foreground:#fff8e1;--color-dimmed:#dad8c8;--color-highlight:#81d4fa;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.gaia){--color-background:#0288d1;--color-background-stripe:rgba(255,248,225,.1);--color-foreground:#fff8e1;--color-dimmed:#cce2de;--color-highlight:#81d4fa;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead){align-items:stretch;flex-flow:column nowrap;place-content:safe center center}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h1, marp-h1),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h2, marp-h2),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h3, marp-h3),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h4, marp-h4),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h5, marp-h5),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h6, marp-h6){text-align:center}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) p{text-align:center}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h1, marp-h1),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h2, marp-h2),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h3, marp-h3),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h4, marp-h4),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h5, marp-h5),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h6, marp-h6),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>p{text-align:left}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) ol>li>p,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) ul>li>p{text-align:left}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) table{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section img{display:block;margin:0 auto}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"]{columns:initial!important;display:block!important;padding:0!important}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"]::before, div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"]::after, div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="content"]::before, div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="content"]::after{display:none!important}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{all:initial;display:flex;flex-direction:row;height:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container][data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="vertical"]{flex-direction:column}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"][data-marpit-advanced-background-split] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{width:var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"][data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{margin-left:calc(100% - var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%))}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container] > figure{all:initial;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;flex:auto;margin:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container] > figure > figcaption{position:absolute;border:0;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="content"], div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"]{background:transparent!important}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"], div#\:\$p > svg[data-marpit-svg] > foreignObject[data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"]{pointer-events:none!important}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background-split]{width:100%;height:100%}
</style></head><body><div class="bespoke-marp-osc"><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="prev" tabindex="-1" title="Previous slide">Previous slide</button><span data-bespoke-marp-osc="page"></span><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="next" tabindex="-1" title="Next slide">Next slide</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="fullscreen" tabindex="-1" title="Toggle fullscreen (f)">Toggle fullscreen</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="presenter" tabindex="-1" title="Open presenter view (p)">Open presenter view</button></div><div id=":$p"><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--class:lead;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:40%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("images/Java_logo.png");background-size:90%;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="60%" height="720"><section id="1" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--class:lead;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:40%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h1 id="java%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1">Java高级程序设计</h1>
<h2 id="%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA">输入输出</h2>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="2" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="2" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="io">I/O</h1>
<p><img src="images/12/io-ins.gif" alt="" style="width:550px;" /><br />
<img src="images/12/io-outs.gif" alt="" style="width:550px;" /></p>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/io/index.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/io/index.html</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="3" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="3" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="stream">Stream</h1>
<p>A stream is a sequence of data.</p>
<ul>
<li>A program uses an input stream to read data from a source, one item at a time.</li>
<li>A program uses an output stream to write data to a destination, one item at time.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>Java中的Stream分为Byte Streams和Character Streams两大类</b></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="4" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="4" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="byte-streams">Byte Streams</h1>
<p>Programs use byte streams to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes. All byte stream classes are descended from <code>InputStream</code> and <code>OutputStream</code>.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/InputStream.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/InputStream.html</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/OutputStream.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/OutputStream.html</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="5" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="5" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="inputstream">InputStream</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">InputStream</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Closeable</span>
</code></pre>
<p>This abstract class is the superclass of all classes representing an input stream of bytes.</p>
<p>Direct Known Subclasses:<br />
<code>AudioInputStream</code>, <code>ByteArrayInputStream</code>, <code>FileInputStream</code>, <code>FilterInputStream</code>, <code>InputStream</code>, <code>ObjectInputStream</code>, <code>PipedInputStream</code>, <code>SequenceInputStream</code>, <code>StringBufferInputStream</code></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="6" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="outputstream">OutputStream</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">OutputStream</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Closeable</span>, Flushable
</code></pre>
<p>This abstract class is the superclass of all classes representing an output stream of bytes. An output stream accepts output bytes and sends them to some sink.</p>
<p>Direct Known Subclasses:<br />
<code>ByteArrayOutputStream</code>, <code>FileOutputStream</code>, <code>FilterOutputStream</code>, <code>ObjectOutputStream</code>, <code>OutputStream</code>, <code>PipedOutputStream</code></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="7" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="7" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90">看个例子</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">CopyBytes</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException {
<span class="hljs-type">FileInputStream</span> <span class="hljs-variable">in</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-type">FileOutputStream</span> <span class="hljs-variable">out</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
in = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileInputStream</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"xanadu.txt"</span>);
out = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileOutputStream</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"outagain.txt"</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">int</span> c;
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> ((c = in.read()) != -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) {
out.write(c);
}
} <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (in != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>) {
in.close(); <span class="hljs-comment">//记得关</span>
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (out != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>) {
out.close();<span class="hljs-comment">//记得关</span>
}
}
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="8" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9B%BE">示意图</h1>
<p><img src="images/12/byteStream.gif" alt="" style="width:600px;" /></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="9" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="character-streams">Character Streams</h1>
<p>The Java platform stores character values using Unicode conventions. Character stream I/O automatically translates this internal format to and from the local character set. In Western locales, the local character set is usually an 8-bit superset of ASCII.</p>
<p>All character stream classes are descended from <code>Reader</code> and <code>Writer</code>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Reader.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Reader.html</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Writer.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Writer.html</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="10" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="10" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="reader">Reader</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Reader</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Readable</span>, Closeable
</code></pre>
<p>Abstract class for reading character streams.</p>
<p>Direct Known Subclasses:<br />
<code>BufferedReader</code>, <code>CharArrayReader</code>, <code>FilterReader</code>, <code>InputStreamReader</code>, <code>PipedReader</code>, <code>StringReader</code></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="11" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="11" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="writer">Writer</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Writer</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Appendable</span>, Closeable, Flushable
</code></pre>
<p>Abstract class for writing to character streams.</p>
<p>Direct Known Subclasses:<br />
<code>BufferedWriter</code>, <code>CharArrayWriter</code>, <code>FilterWriter</code>, <code>OutputStreamWriter</code>, <code>PipedWriter</code>, <code>PrintWriter</code>, <code>StringWriter</code></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="12" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90-1">看个例子</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">CopyCharacters</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException {
<span class="hljs-type">FileReader</span> <span class="hljs-variable">inputStream</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-type">FileWriter</span> <span class="hljs-variable">outputStream</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
inputStream = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileReader</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"xanadu.txt"</span>);
outputStream = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileWriter</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"characteroutput.txt"</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">int</span> c;
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> ((c = inputStream.read()) != -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) {
outputStream.write(c);
}
} <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (inputStream != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>) {
inputStream.close();
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (outputStream != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>) {
outputStream.close();
}
}
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="13" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%AB%E4%B8%8E%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB">差别与联系</h1>
<p>Character streams are often "wrappers" for byte streams.</p>
<p>The character stream uses the byte stream to perform the physical I/O, while the character stream handles translation between characters and bytes. <code>FileReader</code>, for example, uses <code>FileInputStream</code>, while <code>FileWriter</code> uses <code>FileOutputStream</code>.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="14" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="14" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E8%80%83%E8%99%91">性能考虑</h1>
<p>Most of the examples we've seen so far use unbuffered I/O. This means each read or write request is handled directly by the underlying OS.</p>
<p>This can make a program much less efficient, since each such request often triggers disk access, network activity, or some other operation that is relatively expensive.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="15" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="15" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="buffered-streams">Buffered Streams</h1>
<p>Buffered input streams read data from a memory area known as a buffer; the native input API is called only when the buffer is empty. Similarly, buffered output streams write data to a buffer, and the native output API is called only when the buffer is full.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>BufferedInputStream</code> and <code>BufferedOutputStream</code> create buffered byte streams</li>
<li><code>BufferedReader</code> and <code>BufferedWriter</code> create buffered character streams</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="16" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="16" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="stream-wrapping">Stream wrapping</h1>
<p>A program can convert an unbuffered stream into a buffered stream using the wrapping idiom we've used several times now, where the unbuffered stream object is passed to the constructor for a buffered stream class.</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java">inputStream = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BufferedReader</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileReader</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"xanadu.txt"</span>));
outputStream = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BufferedWriter</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileWriter</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"characteroutput.txt"</span>));
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="17" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="17" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="os%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98">OS相关问题</h1>
<p>Character I/O usually occurs in bigger units than single characters. One common unit is the line: a string of characters with a line terminator at the end. A line terminator can be a carriage-return/line-feed sequence (<code>"\r\n"</code>), a single carriage-return (<code>"\r"</code>), or a single line-feed (<code>"\n"</code>). Supporting all possible line terminators allows programs to read text files created on any of the widely used operating systems.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="18" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="18" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90-2">看个例子</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">CopyLines</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException {
<span class="hljs-type">BufferedReader</span> <span class="hljs-variable">inputStream</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-type">PrintWriter</span> <span class="hljs-variable">outputStream</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
inputStream = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BufferedReader</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileReader</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"xanadu.txt"</span>));
outputStream = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">PrintWriter</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileWriter</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"characteroutput.txt"</span>));
String l;
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> ((l = inputStream.readLine()) != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>) {
outputStream.println(l);
}
} <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (inputStream != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>) {
inputStream.close();
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (outputStream != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>) {
outputStream.close();
}
}
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="19" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="19" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="scanning-and-formatting">Scanning and Formatting</h1>
<p>Programming I/O often involves translating to and from the neatly formatted data humans like to work with. To assist you with these chores, the Java platform provides two APIs. The scanner API breaks input into individual tokens associated with bits of data. The formatting API assembles data into nicely formatted, human-readable form.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="20" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="20" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="scanning">Scanning</h1>
<p>Objects of type <code>Scanner</code> are useful for breaking down formatted input into tokens and translating individual tokens according to their data type.</p>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Scanner.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Scanner.html</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="21" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="21" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90-3">看个例子</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ScanXan</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException {
<span class="hljs-type">Scanner</span> <span class="hljs-variable">s</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
s = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Scanner</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BufferedReader</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileReader</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"xanadu.txt"</span>)));
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (s.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(s.next());
}
} <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (s != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>) {
s.close();
}
}
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="22" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="22" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="formatting">Formatting</h1>
<p>Stream objects that implement formatting are instances of either <code>PrintWriter</code>, a character stream class, or <code>PrintStream</code>, a byte stream class.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/PrintWriter.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/PrintWriter.html</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="23" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("images/12/systemfields.png");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="23" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="23" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h1 id="system">System</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">System</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>
</code></pre>
<p>The System class contains several useful class fields （Standard Streams） and methods.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="23" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="24" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="24" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E4%BD%A0%E6%9C%80%E5%96%9C%E6%AC%A2%E7%9A%84systemout">你最喜欢的<code>System.out</code></h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> PrintStream out
</code></pre>
<p>The "standard" output stream. This stream is already open and ready to accept output data. Typically this stream corresponds to display output or another output destination specified by the host environment or user.</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java">System.out.println(data)
</code></pre>
<p><small><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/System.html#out">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/System.html#out</a></small></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="25" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:35%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("images/12/io-spec.gif");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="65%" height="720"><section id="25" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="25" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:35%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h1 id="the-format-method">The <code>format</code> Method</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Root2</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-variable">i</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>;
<span class="hljs-type">double</span> <span class="hljs-variable">r</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> Math.sqrt(i);
System.out.format(<span class="hljs-string">"The square root of %d is %f.%n"</span>, i, r);
}
}
</code></pre>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Format</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> {
System.out.format(<span class="hljs-string">"%f, %1$+020.10f %n"</span>, Math.PI);
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="25" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="26" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="26" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="systemin"><code>System.in</code></h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> InputStream in
</code></pre>
<p>The "standard" input stream. This stream is already open and ready to supply input data. Typically this stream corresponds to keyboard input or another input source specified by the host environment or user.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="27" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="27" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="console">Console</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Password</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span> <span class="hljs-params">(String args[])</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException {
<span class="hljs-type">Console</span> <span class="hljs-variable">c</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> System.console();
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>) {
System.err.println(<span class="hljs-string">"No console."</span>);
System.exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-type">String</span> <span class="hljs-variable">login</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> c.readLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Enter your login: "</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">char</span> [] oldPassword = c.readPassword(<span class="hljs-string">"Enter your old password: "</span>);
...
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="28" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="28" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="data-streams">Data Streams</h1>
<p>Data streams support binary I/O of primitive data type values (boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double) as well as String values. All data streams implement either the <code>DataInput</code> interface or the <code>DataOutput</code> interface.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="29" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="29" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="object-streams">Object Streams</h1>
<p>Just as data streams support I/O of primitive data types, object streams support I/O of objects. Most, but not all, standard classes support serialization of their objects. Those that do implement the marker interface <code>Serializable</code>.</p>
<p>The object stream classes are <code>ObjectInputStream</code> and <code>ObjectOutputStream</code>. These classes implement <code>ObjectInput</code> and <code>ObjectOutput</code>, which are subinterfaces of <code>DataInput</code> and <code>DataOutput</code>. That means that all the primitive data I/O methods covered in Data Streams are also implemented in object streams.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="30" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="30" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="java-object-serializationdeserialization">Java Object Serialization/Deserialization</h1>
<p>Serialization is the conversion of the state of an object into a byte stream; deserialization does the opposite. Stated differently, serialization is the conversion of a Java object into a static stream (sequence) of bytes which can then be saved to a database or transferred over a network.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.baeldung.com/java-serialization">https://www.baeldung.com/java-serialization</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="31" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="31" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90-4">看个例子</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Person</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Serializable</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-type">long</span> <span class="hljs-variable">serialVersionUID</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-number">1L</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-type">String</span> <span class="hljs-variable">country</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">"ITALY"</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-type">int</span> age;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String name;
<span class="hljs-keyword">transient</span> <span class="hljs-type">int</span> height;
<span class="hljs-comment">// getters and setters</span>
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="32" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="32" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h5 id="%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81">对象状态保持</h5>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-meta">@Test</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">whenSerializingAndDeserializing_ThenObjectIsTheSame</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> ()
<span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
<span class="hljs-type">Person</span> <span class="hljs-variable">person</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Person</span>();
person.setAge(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>);
person.setName(<span class="hljs-string">"Joe"</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">FileOutputStream</span> <span class="hljs-variable">fileOutputStream</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileOutputStream</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"yourfile.txt"</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">ObjectOutputStream</span> <span class="hljs-variable">objectOutputStream</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ObjectOutputStream</span>(fileOutputStream);
objectOutputStream.writeObject(person);
objectOutputStream.flush();
objectOutputStream.close();
<span class="hljs-type">FileInputStream</span> <span class="hljs-variable">fileInputStream</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileInputStream</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"yourfile.txt"</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">ObjectInputStream</span> <span class="hljs-variable">objectInputStream</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ObjectInputStream</span>(fileInputStream);
<span class="hljs-type">Person</span> <span class="hljs-variable">p2</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> (Person) objectInputStream.readObject();
objectInputStream.close();
assertTrue(p2.getAge() == person.getAge());
assertTrue(p2.getName().equals(person.getName()));
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="33" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="33" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="custom-serialization">Custom Serialization</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Employee</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Serializable</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-type">long</span> <span class="hljs-variable">serialVersionUID</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-number">1L</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">transient</span> Address address;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Person person;
<span class="hljs-comment">// setters and getters</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">writeObject</span><span class="hljs-params">(ObjectOutputStream oos)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException {
oos.defaultWriteObject();
oos.writeObject(address.getHouseNumber());
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">readObject</span><span class="hljs-params">(ObjectInputStream ois)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
ois.defaultReadObject();
<span class="hljs-type">Integer</span> <span class="hljs-variable">houseNumber</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> (Integer) ois.readObject();
<span class="hljs-type">Address</span> <span class="hljs-variable">a</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Address</span>();
a.setHouseNumber(houseNumber);
<span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.setAddress(a);
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Address</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-type">int</span> houseNumber; }
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="34" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="34" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="file">File</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">File</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Serializable</span>, Comparable<File>
</code></pre>
<p>An abstract representation of file and directory pathnames.</p>
<p>The File class gives us the ability to work with files and directories on the file system.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.baeldung.com/java-io-file">https://www.baeldung.com/java-io-file</a></p>
</section>
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<h1 id="randomaccessfile">RandomAccessFile</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">RandomAccessFile</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">DataOutput</span>, DataInput, Closeable
</code></pre>
<p>Instances of this class support both reading and writing to a random access file.</p>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/RandomAccessFile.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/RandomAccessFile.html</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="36" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="36" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90">简单例子</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"> <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>{
RandomAccessFile file=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">RandomAccessFile</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"xanadu.txt"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"rw"</span>);
file.seek(file.length());
file.writeBytes(s+<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>);
file.close();
} <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span>(IOException e) {
e.printStacktrace();
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="37" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="37" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="getchannel-for-randomaccessfile"><code>getChannel</code> for <code>RandomAccessFile</code></h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> FileChannel <span class="hljs-title function_">getChannel</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Returns the unique FileChannel object associated with this file.</p>
<p>Returns: the file channel associated with this file<br />
Since: 1.4</p>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/RandomAccessFile.html#getChannel--">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/RandomAccessFile.html#getChannel--</a></p>
</section>
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<h1 id="filechannel">FileChannel</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">FileChannel</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">AbstractInterruptibleChannel</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SeekableByteChannel</span>, GatheringByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel
</code></pre>
<p>A channel for reading, writing, mapping, and manipulating a file.</p>
<p>A file channel can also be obtained from an existing <code>FileInputStream</code>, <code>FileOutputStream</code>, or <code>RandomAccessFile</code> object by invoking that object's getChannel method, which returns a file channel that is connected to the same underlying file.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="39" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="39" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="java-io-vs-nio">Java IO vs NIO</h1>
<p>The <code>java.io</code> package was introduced in Java 1.0. It provides:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>InputStream</code> and <code>OutputStream</code> and <code>Reader</code> and <code>Writer</code></li>
<li><b>blocking mode</b> – to wait for a complete message</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>java.nio</code> package was introduced in Java 1.4 and updated in Java 1.7 (NIO.2). It provides:</p>
<ul>
<li><b>non-blocking mode</b> – to read whatever is ready</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="40" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="40" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="channels-and-buffers">Channels and Buffers</h1>
<p><img src="images/12/overview-channels-buffers.png" alt="" /></p>
<p>Java NIO: Channels read data into Buffers, and Buffers write data into Channels</p>
<p><a href="http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-nio/channels.html">http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-nio/channels.html</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="41" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="41" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90-5">看个例子</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"> <span class="hljs-type">RandomAccessFile</span> <span class="hljs-variable">aFile</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">RandomAccessFile</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"data/nio-data.txt"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"rw"</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">FileChannel</span> <span class="hljs-variable">inChannel</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> aFile.getChannel();
<span class="hljs-type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="hljs-variable">buf</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> ByteBuffer.allocate(<span class="hljs-number">48</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-variable">bytesRead</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> inChannel.read(buf);
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (bytesRead != -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) {
System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"Read "</span> + bytesRead);
buf.flip();
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span>(buf.hasRemaining()){
System.out.print((<span class="hljs-type">char</span>) buf.get());
}
buf.clear();
bytesRead = inChannel.read(buf);
}
aFile.close();
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="42" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="42" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="channels">Channels</h1>
<p>Here are the most important Channel implementations in Java NIO:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <code>FileChannel</code> reads data from and to files.</li>
<li>The <code>DatagramChannel</code> can read and write data over the network via UDP.</li>
<li>The <code>SocketChannel</code> can read and write data over the network via TCP.</li>
<li>The <code>ServerSocketChannel</code> allows you to listen for incoming TCP connections, like a web server does. For each incoming connection a SocketChannel is created.</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="buffers">Buffers</h1>
<p>Java NIO Buffers are used when interacting with NIO Channels. As you know, data is read from channels into buffers, and written from buffers into channels.</p>
<p>A buffer is essentially a block of memory into which you can write data, which you can then later read again. This memory block is wrapped in a NIO Buffer object, which provides a set of methods that makes it easier to work with the memory block.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="44" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="44" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="buffer-usage">Buffer Usage</h1>
<p>Using a Buffer to read and write data typically follows this little 4-step process:</p>
<ol>
<li>Write data into the Buffer</li>
<li>Call <code>buffer.flip()</code></li>
<li>Read data out of the Buffer</li>
<li>Call <code>buffer.clear()</code> or <code>buffer.compact()</code></li>
</ol>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="45" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="45" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="%E5%86%8D%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90">再看个例子</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-type">RandomAccessFile</span> <span class="hljs-variable">aFile</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">RandomAccessFile</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"data/nio-data.txt"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"rw"</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">FileChannel</span> <span class="hljs-variable">inChannel</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> aFile.getChannel();
<span class="hljs-comment">//create buffer with capacity of 48 bytes</span>
<span class="hljs-type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="hljs-variable">buf</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> ByteBuffer.allocate(<span class="hljs-number">48</span>);
<span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-variable">bytesRead</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> inChannel.read(buf); <span class="hljs-comment">//read into buffer.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (bytesRead != -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) {
buf.flip(); <span class="hljs-comment">//make buffer ready for read</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span>(buf.hasRemaining()){
System.out.print((<span class="hljs-type">char</span>) buf.get()); <span class="hljs-comment">// read 1 byte at a time</span>
}
buf.clear(); <span class="hljs-comment">//make buffer ready for writing</span>
bytesRead = inChannel.read(buf);
}
aFile.close();
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="46" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="46" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="buffer-capacity-position-and-limit">Buffer Capacity, Position and Limit</h1>
<p><img src="images/12/buffers-modes.png" alt="" /></p>
<p>The meaning of position and limit depends on whether the Buffer is in read or write mode. Capacity always means the same, no matter the buffer mode.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="47" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:40%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("images/12/overview-selectors.png");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="60%" height="720"><section id="47" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="47" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:40%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h1 id="nio-selector">NIO Selector</h1>
<p>The Java NIO Selector is a component which can examine one or more Java NIO Channel instances, and determine which channels are ready for e.g. reading or writing. This way a single thread can manage multiple channels, and thus multiple network connections.</p>
</section>
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<h1 id="io-exceptions">IO Exceptions</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">IOException</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Exception</span>
</code></pre>
<small>
Direct Known Subclasses:
ChangedCharSetException, CharacterCodingException, CharConversionException, ClosedChannelException, EOFException, FileLockInterruptionException, FileNotFoundException, FilerException, FileSystemException, HttpRetryException, IIOException, InterruptedByTimeoutException, InterruptedIOException, InvalidPropertiesFormatException, JMXProviderException, JMXServerErrorException, MalformedURLException, ObjectStreamException, ProtocolException, RemoteException, SaslException, SocketException, SSLException, SyncFailedException, UnknownHostException, UnknownServiceException, UnsupportedDataTypeException, UnsupportedEncodingException, UserPrincipalNotFoundException, UTFDataFormatException, ZipException</small>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="49" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="49" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="50">
<h1 id="try-with-resources">Try with Resources</h1>
<p>The try-with-resources statement is a try statement that declares one or more resources. A resource is an object that must be closed after the program is finished with it. The try-with-resources statement ensures that each resource is closed at the end of the statement. Any object that implements java.lang.AutoCloseable, which includes all objects which implement java.io.Closeable, can be used as a resource.</p>
<ul>
<li><small><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/tryResourceClose.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/tryResourceClose.html</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="https://www.baeldung.com/java-try-with-resources">https://www.baeldung.com/java-try-with-resources</a></small></li>
</ul>
</section>
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