diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89f5fe1118
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+[tox]
+requires =
+  tox>=4
+envlist =
+  py3{9,10,11,12,13}-none # Test nipype functionality on all versions
+  py3{9,12,13}-full       # Test with extra dependencies on oldest and two newest
+  py39-min                # Test with minimal dependencies
+  py3{11,12,13}-pre       # Test with pre-release on SPEC0-supported Python
+skip_missing_interpreters = true
+
+# Configuration that allows us to split tests across GitHub runners effectively
+[gh-actions]
+python =
+  3.9: py39
+  3.10: py310
+  3.11: py311
+  3.12: py312
+  3.13: py313
+
+[gh-actions:env]
+DEPENDS =
+  min: min
+  none: none
+  full: full
+  pre: pre
+
+[testenv]
+description = Pytest with coverage
+labels = test
+pip_pre =
+  pre: true
+pass_env =
+  # Parsed from `git grep getenv` and `git grep os.environ`
+  # May not all be needed
+  NIPYPE_NO_ET
+  NO_ET
+  ANTSPATH
+  CI_SKIP_TEST
+  FREESURFER_HOME
+  USER
+  FSLDIR
+  FSLOUTPUTTYPE
+  FSL_COURSE_DATA
+  NIPYPE_NO_MATLAB
+  OMP_NUM_THREADS
+  NIPYPE_NO_R
+  SPMMCRCMD
+  FORCE_SPMMCR
+  LOGNAME
+  AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
+  AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
+  MATLABCMD
+  MRTRIX3_HOME
+  RCMD
+  ETS_TOOLKIT
+  NIPYPE_CONFIG_DIR
+  DISPLAY
+  PATHEXT
+  # getpass.getuser() sources for Windows:
+  LOGNAME
+  USER
+  LNAME
+  USERNAME
+  # Pass user color preferences through
+  PY_COLORS
+  FORCE_COLOR
+  NO_COLOR
+  CLICOLOR
+  CLICOLOR_FORCE
+  PYTHON_GIL
+deps =
+  py313: traits @ git+https://github.com/enthought/traits.git@10954eb
+  full: dipy @ git+https://github.com/dipy/dipy@master
+extras =
+  tests
+  full: doc
+  full: profiler
+  full: duecredit
+  full: ssh
+  full: nipy
+setenv =
+  FSLOUTPUTTYPE=NIFTI_GZ
+  pre: PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple
+  pre: UV_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple
+uv_resolution =
+  min: lowest-direct
+
+commands =
+  python -c "import nipype; print(nipype.__version__)"
+  pytest --durations=20 --durations-min=1.0 --cov-report term-missing {posargs:-n auto}