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Architecture

Object graph

The diagram below shows the most interesting parts of the pyOCD object graph, i.e. those parts that a user of the Python API will interact with. The connections in the diagram represent composition, not inheritance.

              Session
                 |
                 |----------------\
                 |                |
               Board          DebugProbe
                 |
           CoreSightTarget
                 |
                 |----------------\
                 |                |
             CortexM[]        DebugPort
                 |                |
             MemoryMap       AccessPort[]
                 |
           MemoryRegion[]
                 |
               Flash

The root of the runtime object graph is a Session object. This object holds references to the debug probe and the board. It is also responsible for managing per-session options that control various features and settings.

Attached to the board is a CoreSightTarget instance, which represents an MCU. This owns the CoreSight related objects for communicating with the DP and APs and a CortexM object for each CPU core on the device. Both CoreSightTarget and CortexM are subclasses of the abstract Target class, which is referenced below, and share most of the same APIs. CortexM has a memory map comprised of MemoryRegion objects. The flash memory regions have a Flash object to control flash programming.

Targets and boards

Target and board support are two separate but related pieces of functionality.

Target support

Each supported target enables debugging and flash programming a given MCU. A single target can be used for potentially multiple boards, or there may not be board with the target. Users can override the target type on the command line or when creating the Session.

Each supported target is defined as a CoreSightTarget subclass. Builtin targets are held in a Python file in the pyocd/target/builtin directory. If the target has internal or connected flash, then a flash algo dict and possibly a Flash subclass will be paired with it in the same source file. The Flash subclass is only required if special flash programming semantics are needed, otherwise the base Flash class is automatically used. The flash algo dict and/or Flash subclass are set on flash memory regions when they are created in the memory map. Some device families have family subclasses under pyocd/target/family.

Board information

pyOCD can automatically identify a board and its target type using the board information. The board information is stored in the BOARD_ID_TO_INFO dictionary in pyocd/board/board_ids.py. This dictionary maps a 4-character board ID to a board name, target type, and test firmware binary. The board ID is generally the same as the board's Mbed platform ID, though non-Mbed boards that use Arm DAPLink firmware also have board IDs allocated from the same namespace.