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spec.txt
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spec.txt
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ASCIIPA-2
Maria Szegedy, 2022 August
pulmonic consonants besides affricates
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
plosive | p b t d t; d; c d^ k g q G ?
nasal | m mm n n; n^ ng N
trill | B r R
tflap | vv 4 4;
fricative | ph bh f v th dh s z S Z s; z; s^ z^ x gh X Gh hh 3 h h*
lat fric | & lZ
approximant | v* r* r; j u*
lat approx | l l; l^ L LL
clicks implosives affricates vowels
---------------------------- -----------------------------------------
00 b? pph bbh close | i y i@ u@ uu u
-- d? ts dz close lax | I Y U
== t& dlZ close mid | e % e@ o@ 6 o
! tS dZ mid | @
ts; dz; open mid | E oe @e @o 7 O
++ tsh dzh open tense | ae 9
d^? cs^ dz^ open | OE a aa ao
K g? kx ggh
G? qX GGh
other symbols
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
wh voicen't labiovelar fric 44 voiced alveolar lat flap
w voiced labiovelar approx SJH this fucking thing
yy voiced labiopalatal approx () null set (∅)
H voicen't epiglot fric (^) coarticulation (tie bar above)
33 voiced epiglot fric (_) coarticulation (tie bar below)
?? epiglot plosive (12345) chao tone letters
sh zh alveolo-palatal frics
punctuation and suprasegmentals
--------------------------------------------------------
, multigraph separator
. syllable separator
1 2 primary and secondary stress markers
.:. .::. minor and major groups
: long
,, half-long
.. ejective
(-+) raised (diacritic as its own letter)
(+-) lowered (diacritic as its own letter)
_X (XXX) delimited diacritics (here X) on prev char
- literal hyphen (for glosses)
__ literal underscore (for sound change notation)
# literal hash (for sound change notation)
\X literal X (where X is any character)
Bare diacritics auto-combine onto the previous character. Delimited diacritics
need to either be preceded by _ or to be enclosed in (). In the latter case,
any number of delimited diacritics may be enclosed.
When compiled to IPA, the tone diacritics combine into the appropriate IPA
multi-tone diacritics (circumflexes, carons, double accents, etc).
bare diacritics delimited diacritics
---------------------- -------------------------------------------
0 voicen't v voiced ~ creaky vowel
= syllabic h aspirated mm linguolabial
< non-syllabic h* breathy cons't w labialized
~ nasalized o more rounded j palatalized
> no audible release e less rounded g velarized
-+ raised + advanced 3 pharyngealized
+- lowered - retracted ? glottalized
^_ global fall ++ +atr < dental
_^ global rise -- -atr > apical
<< upstep : centralized # laminal
>> downstep :: mid-centralized n nasal release
r rhotic l lateral release
_: breathy vowel LMH tones (lo mid hi)
misc delimited superscripts
--------------------------------
b greek beta (for compression)
m latin m
ng latin eng
s latin s
x latin x
X greek chi