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GitHub Actions for Go

GitHub Actions includes CI/CD for free for Open Source repositories. This document contains information on making it work well for Go. See them in action:

$ cat .github/workflows/test.yml
on: [push, pull_request]
name: Test
jobs:
  test:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        go-version: [1.13.x, 1.14.x]
        platform: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
    steps:
    - name: Install Go
      uses: actions/setup-go@v1
      with:
        go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
    - name: Checkout code
      uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Test
      run: go test ./...

Summary

Each workflow file has a number of jobs, which get run on specified events.

Each job runs on a configuration matrix. For example, we can test two major Go versions on three operating systems.

Each job has a number of steps, such as installing Go, or checking out the repository's code.

FAQs

What about module support?

If your repository contains a go.mod file, Go 1.12 and later will already use module mode by default. To turn it on explicitly, set GO111MODULE=on.

How do I set environent variables?

They can be set up via env for an entire workflow, a job, or for each step:

env:
  GOPROXY: "https://proxy.company.com"
jobs:
  [...]

How do I set up caching between builds?

Use actions/cache. For example, to cache downloaded modules:

- uses: actions/cache@v1
  with:
    path: ~/go/pkg/mod
    key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
    restore-keys: |
      ${{ runner.os }}-go-

How do I run a step conditionally?

You can use if conditionals, using their custom expression language:

- name: Run end-to-end tests on Linux
  if: github.event_name == 'push' && matrix.platform == 'ubuntu-latest'
  run: go run ./endtoend

How do I set up a custom build matrix?

You can add options to existing matrix jobs, and you can exclude specific matrix jobs.

How do I run multiline scripts?

- name: Series of commands
  run: |
    go test ./...
    go test -race ./...

Should I use two workflows, or two jobs on one workflow?

The biggest difference is the UI; workflow results are shown separately. Grouping jobs in workflows can also be useful if one wants to customize the workflow triggers, or to set up dependencies via needs.

How do I set up a secret environment variable?

Follow these steps to set up the secret in the repo's settings. After adding a secret like FOO_SECRET, use it on a step as follows:

- name: Command that requires secret
  run: some-command
  env:
    FOO_SECRET: ${{ secrets.FOO_SECRET }}

How do I install private modules?

It's possible to install modules from private GitHub repositories without using your own proxy. You'll need to add a personal access token as a secret environment variable for this to work.

- name: Configure git for private modules
  env:
    TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
  run: git config --global url."https://YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME:${TOKEN}@github.com".insteadOf "https://github.com"

How do I install Linux packages?

Use sudo apt, making sure to only run the step on Linux:

- name: Install Linux packages
  if: matrix.platform == 'ubuntu-latest'
  run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y --no-install-recommends mypackage

How do I set up a GOPATH build?

Declare GOPATH and clone inside of it:

jobs:
  test-gopath:
    env:
      GOPATH: ${{ github.workspace }}
      GO111MODULE: off
    steps:
    - name: Checkout code
      uses: actions/checkout@v2
      with:
        path: ./src/github.com/${{ github.repository }}

Quick links

Known bugs

The setup-go action doesn't set PATH, so currently it's not possible to go install a program and run it directly. Until that's fixed, consider absolute paths like $(go env GOPATH)/bin/program.

A workaround is to use a built-in workflow command to add GOBIN to the system's PATH. Note that shell: bash is supported on all platforms:

    - name: Add GOBIN to PATH
      run: echo "::add-path::$(go env GOPATH)/bin"
      shell: bash

Note that the upcoming actions/setup-go@v2 fixes this issue, but is still in beta as of April 2020.

git config core.autocrlf defaults to true, so be careful about CRLF endings in your plaintext testdata files on Windows. To work around this, set up the following .gitattributes:

* -text

os.TempDir on Windows will contain a short name, since %TEMP% also contains it. Note that case sensitivity doesn't matter, and that os.Open should still work; but some programs not treaing short names might break.

> echo %USERPROFILE%
C:\Users\runneradmin
> echo %TEMP%
C:\Users\RUNNER~1\AppData\Local\Temp