diff --git a/deploy-notes.md b/deploy-notes.md
index 96c414fb..edd35a59 100644
--- a/deploy-notes.md
+++ b/deploy-notes.md
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # Unreleased
 
+- Needs jay-config release.
+- Needs jay-toml-config release.
+- Needs jay-compositor release.
+
 # 1.0.3
 
 - Needs jay-compositor release.
diff --git a/jay-config/src/_private/client.rs b/jay-config/src/_private/client.rs
index eb2d061f..462b48b4 100644
--- a/jay-config/src/_private/client.rs
+++ b/jay-config/src/_private/client.rs
@@ -818,6 +818,10 @@ impl Client {
         self.send(&ClientMessage::SetSeat { device, seat })
     }
 
+    pub fn set_device_keymap(&self, device: InputDevice, keymap: Keymap) {
+        self.send(&ClientMessage::DeviceSetKeymap { device, keymap })
+    }
+
     pub fn set_left_handed(&self, device: InputDevice, left_handed: bool) {
         self.send(&ClientMessage::SetLeftHanded {
             device,
diff --git a/jay-config/src/_private/ipc.rs b/jay-config/src/_private/ipc.rs
index 702c9428..844f9a47 100644
--- a/jay-config/src/_private/ipc.rs
+++ b/jay-config/src/_private/ipc.rs
@@ -432,6 +432,10 @@ pub enum ClientMessage<'a> {
         enabled: bool,
     },
     GetSocketPath,
+    DeviceSetKeymap {
+        device: InputDevice,
+        keymap: Keymap,
+    },
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
diff --git a/jay-config/src/input.rs b/jay-config/src/input.rs
index b0db1cdd..08322e6d 100644
--- a/jay-config/src/input.rs
+++ b/jay-config/src/input.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,16 @@ impl InputDevice {
         get!().set_seat(self, seat)
     }
 
+    /// Sets the keymap of the device.
+    ///
+    /// This overrides the keymap set for the seat. The keymap becomes active when a key
+    /// on the device is pressed.
+    ///
+    /// Setting the invalid keymap reverts to the seat keymap.
+    pub fn set_keymap(self, keymap: Keymap) {
+        get!().set_device_keymap(self, keymap)
+    }
+
     /// Returns whether the device has the specified capability.
     pub fn has_capability(self, cap: Capability) -> bool {
         get!(false).has_capability(self, cap)
diff --git a/release-notes.md b/release-notes.md
index e3a4d288..7e88133b 100644
--- a/release-notes.md
+++ b/release-notes.md
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Unreleased
 
 - Add support for wp-alpha-modifier.
+- Add support for per-device keymaps.
 
 # 1.0.3 (2024-04-11)
 
diff --git a/src/cli/input.rs b/src/cli/input.rs
index 6b55249b..a67dde78 100644
--- a/src/cli/input.rs
+++ b/src/cli/input.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use {
         ops::DerefMut,
         rc::Rc,
     },
-    uapi::c,
+    uapi::{c, OwnedFd},
 };
 
 #[derive(Args, Debug)]
@@ -119,6 +119,10 @@ pub enum DeviceCommand {
     SetPxPerWheelScroll(SetPxPerWheelScrollArgs),
     /// Set the transformation matrix.
     SetTransformMatrix(SetTransformMatrixArgs),
+    /// Set the keymap of this device.
+    SetKeymap(SetKeymapArgs),
+    /// Retrieve the keymap of this device.
+    Keymap,
     /// Attach the device to a seat.
     Attach(AttachArgs),
     /// Detach the device from its seat.
@@ -292,6 +296,47 @@ impl Input {
         });
     }
 
+    fn prepare_keymap(&self, a: &SetKeymapArgs) -> (Rc<OwnedFd>, usize) {
+        let map = match &a.file {
+            None => {
+                let mut map = vec![];
+                if let Err(e) = stdin().read_to_end(&mut map) {
+                    eprintln!("Could not read from stdin: {}", ErrorFmt(e));
+                    std::process::exit(1);
+                }
+                map
+            }
+            Some(f) => match std::fs::read(f) {
+                Ok(m) => m,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    eprintln!("Could not read {}: {}", f, ErrorFmt(e));
+                    std::process::exit(1);
+                }
+            },
+        };
+        let mut memfd =
+            uapi::memfd_create("keymap", c::MFD_CLOEXEC | c::MFD_ALLOW_SEALING).unwrap();
+        memfd.write_all(&map).unwrap();
+        uapi::lseek(memfd.raw(), 0, c::SEEK_SET).unwrap();
+        uapi::fcntl_add_seals(
+            memfd.raw(),
+            c::F_SEAL_SEAL | c::F_SEAL_GROW | c::F_SEAL_SHRINK | c::F_SEAL_WRITE,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        (Rc::new(memfd), map.len())
+    }
+
+    async fn handle_keymap(&self, input: JayInputId) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let data = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::new()));
+        jay_input::Keymap::handle(&self.tc, input, data.clone(), |d, map| {
+            let mem = Rc::new(ClientMem::new(map.keymap.raw(), map.keymap_len as _, true).unwrap())
+                .offset(0);
+            mem.read(d.borrow_mut().deref_mut()).unwrap();
+        });
+        self.tc.round_trip().await;
+        data.take()
+    }
+
     async fn seat(self: &Rc<Self>, input: JayInputId, args: SeatArgs) {
         let tc = &self.tc;
         match args.command.unwrap_or_default() {
@@ -318,40 +363,15 @@ impl Input {
                 });
             }
             SeatCommand::SetKeymap(a) => {
+                let (memfd, len) = self.prepare_keymap(&a);
                 self.handle_error(input, |e| {
                     eprintln!("Could not set keymap: {}", e);
                 });
-                let map = match &a.file {
-                    None => {
-                        let mut map = vec![];
-                        if let Err(e) = stdin().read_to_end(&mut map) {
-                            eprintln!("Could not read from stdin: {}", ErrorFmt(e));
-                            std::process::exit(1);
-                        }
-                        map
-                    }
-                    Some(f) => match std::fs::read(f) {
-                        Ok(m) => m,
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            eprintln!("Could not read {}: {}", f, ErrorFmt(e));
-                            std::process::exit(1);
-                        }
-                    },
-                };
-                let mut memfd =
-                    uapi::memfd_create("keymap", c::MFD_CLOEXEC | c::MFD_ALLOW_SEALING).unwrap();
-                memfd.write_all(&map).unwrap();
-                uapi::lseek(memfd.raw(), 0, c::SEEK_SET).unwrap();
-                uapi::fcntl_add_seals(
-                    memfd.raw(),
-                    c::F_SEAL_SEAL | c::F_SEAL_GROW | c::F_SEAL_SHRINK | c::F_SEAL_WRITE,
-                )
-                .unwrap();
                 tc.send(jay_input::SetKeymap {
                     self_id: input,
                     seat: &args.seat,
-                    keymap: Rc::new(memfd),
-                    keymap_len: map.len() as _,
+                    keymap: memfd,
+                    keymap_len: len as _,
                 });
             }
             SeatCommand::UseHardwareCursor(a) => {
@@ -368,20 +388,11 @@ impl Input {
                 self.handle_error(input, |e| {
                     eprintln!("Could not retrieve the keymap: {}", e);
                 });
-                let data = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::new()));
-                jay_input::Keymap::handle(tc, input, data.clone(), |d, map| {
-                    let mem = Rc::new(
-                        ClientMem::new(map.keymap.raw(), map.keymap_len as _, true).unwrap(),
-                    )
-                    .offset(0);
-                    mem.read(d.borrow_mut().deref_mut()).unwrap();
-                });
                 tc.send(jay_input::GetKeymap {
                     self_id: input,
                     seat: &args.seat,
                 });
-                tc.round_trip().await;
-                let map = data.take();
+                let map = self.handle_keymap(input).await;
                 stdout().write_all(&map).unwrap();
             }
             SeatCommand::SetCursorSize(a) => {
@@ -530,6 +541,29 @@ impl Input {
                     id: args.device,
                 });
             }
+            DeviceCommand::SetKeymap(a) => {
+                let (memfd, len) = self.prepare_keymap(&a);
+                self.handle_error(input, |e| {
+                    eprintln!("Could not set keymap: {}", e);
+                });
+                tc.send(jay_input::SetDeviceKeymap {
+                    self_id: input,
+                    id: args.device,
+                    keymap: memfd,
+                    keymap_len: len as _,
+                });
+            }
+            DeviceCommand::Keymap => {
+                self.handle_error(input, |e| {
+                    eprintln!("Could not retrieve the keymap: {}", e);
+                });
+                tc.send(jay_input::GetDeviceKeymap {
+                    self_id: input,
+                    id: args.device,
+                });
+                let map = self.handle_keymap(input).await;
+                stdout().write_all(&map).unwrap();
+            }
         }
         tc.round_trip().await;
     }
diff --git a/src/config/handler.rs b/src/config/handler.rs
index a2aa0014..ad39226d 100644
--- a/src/config/handler.rs
+++ b/src/config/handler.rs
@@ -299,7 +299,23 @@ impl ConfigProxyHandler {
         } else {
             self.get_keymap(keymap)?
         };
-        seat.set_keymap(&keymap);
+        seat.set_seat_keymap(&keymap);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn handle_set_device_keymap(
+        &self,
+        device: InputDevice,
+        keymap: Keymap,
+    ) -> Result<(), CphError> {
+        let dev = self.get_device_handler_data(device)?;
+        if keymap.is_invalid() {
+            dev.keymap_id.set(None);
+            dev.keymap.set(None);
+        } else {
+            let map = self.get_keymap(keymap)?;
+            dev.set_keymap(&map);
+        };
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -1746,6 +1762,9 @@ impl ConfigProxyHandler {
                 self.handle_set_explicit_sync_enabled(enabled)
             }
             ClientMessage::GetSocketPath => self.handle_get_socket_path(),
+            ClientMessage::DeviceSetKeymap { device, keymap } => self
+                .handle_set_device_keymap(device, keymap)
+                .wrn("set_device_keymap")?,
         }
         Ok(())
     }
diff --git a/src/ifs/jay_input.rs b/src/ifs/jay_input.rs
index 0f483617..28617ee2 100644
--- a/src/ifs/jay_input.rs
+++ b/src/ifs/jay_input.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ use {
         state::{DeviceHandlerData, InputDeviceData},
         utils::errorfmt::ErrorFmt,
         wire::{jay_input::*, JayInputId},
-        xkbcommon::XkbCommonError,
+        xkbcommon::{XkbCommonError, XkbKeymap},
     },
     std::rc::Rc,
     thiserror::Error,
+    uapi::OwnedFd,
 };
 
 pub struct JayInput {
@@ -67,8 +68,7 @@ impl JayInput {
         });
     }
 
-    fn send_keymap(&self, data: &WlSeatGlobal) {
-        let map = data.keymap();
+    fn send_keymap(&self, map: &XkbKeymap) {
         self.client.event(Keymap {
             self_id: self.id,
             keymap: map.map.clone(),
@@ -138,6 +138,20 @@ impl JayInput {
             Some(d) => Ok(d.data.clone()),
         }
     }
+
+    fn set_keymap_impl<F>(&self, keymap: &OwnedFd, len: u32, f: F) -> Result<(), JayInputError>
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&Rc<XkbKeymap>) -> Result<(), JayInputError>,
+    {
+        let cm = Rc::new(ClientMem::new(keymap.raw(), len as _, true)?).offset(0);
+        let mut map = vec![];
+        cm.read(&mut map)?;
+        self.or_error(|| {
+            let map = self.client.state.xkb_ctx.keymap_from_str(&map)?;
+            f(&map)?;
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
 }
 
 impl JayInputRequestHandler for JayInput {
@@ -174,13 +188,9 @@ impl JayInputRequestHandler for JayInput {
     }
 
     fn set_keymap(&self, req: SetKeymap, _slf: &Rc<Self>) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        let cm = Rc::new(ClientMem::new(req.keymap.raw(), req.keymap_len as _, true)?).offset(0);
-        let mut map = vec![];
-        cm.read(&mut map)?;
-        self.or_error(|| {
-            let map = self.client.state.xkb_ctx.keymap_from_str(&map)?;
+        self.set_keymap_impl(&req.keymap, req.keymap_len, |map| {
             let seat = self.seat(req.seat)?;
-            seat.set_keymap(&map);
+            seat.set_seat_keymap(&map);
             Ok(())
         })
     }
@@ -200,7 +210,7 @@ impl JayInputRequestHandler for JayInput {
     fn get_keymap(&self, req: GetKeymap, _slf: &Rc<Self>) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
         self.or_error(|| {
             let seat = self.seat(req.seat)?;
-            self.send_keymap(&seat);
+            self.send_keymap(&seat.keymap());
             Ok(())
         })
     }
@@ -360,6 +370,24 @@ impl JayInputRequestHandler for JayInput {
             }
         })
     }
+
+    fn set_device_keymap(&self, req: SetDeviceKeymap, _slf: &Rc<Self>) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.set_keymap_impl(&req.keymap, req.keymap_len, |map| {
+            let dev = self.device(req.id)?;
+            dev.set_keymap(&map);
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn get_device_keymap(&self, req: GetDeviceKeymap, _slf: &Rc<Self>) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.or_error(|| {
+            let dev = self.device(req.id)?;
+            if let Some(map) = dev.keymap.get() {
+                self.send_keymap(&map);
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
 }
 
 object_base! {
diff --git a/src/ifs/wl_seat.rs b/src/ifs/wl_seat.rs
index 0cfb87a7..7b6dced8 100644
--- a/src/ifs/wl_seat.rs
+++ b/src/ifs/wl_seat.rs
@@ -56,16 +56,16 @@ use {
         utils::{
             asyncevent::AsyncEvent, clonecell::CloneCell, copyhashmap::CopyHashMap,
             errorfmt::ErrorFmt, linkedlist::LinkedNode, numcell::NumCell, rc_eq::rc_eq,
-            smallmap::SmallMap, transform_ext::TransformExt,
+            smallmap::SmallMap, transform_ext::TransformExt, vecset::VecSet,
         },
         wire::{
             wl_seat::*, ExtIdleNotificationV1Id, WlDataDeviceId, WlKeyboardId, WlPointerId,
             WlSeatId, ZwlrDataControlDeviceV1Id, ZwpPrimarySelectionDeviceV1Id,
             ZwpRelativePointerV1Id,
         },
-        xkbcommon::{XkbKeymap, XkbState},
+        xkbcommon::{KeymapId, XkbKeymap, XkbState},
     },
-    ahash::{AHashMap, AHashSet},
+    ahash::AHashMap,
     jay_config::keyboard::mods::Modifiers,
     smallvec::SmallVec,
     std::{
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ pub struct WlSeatGlobal {
     pointer_stack_modified: Cell<bool>,
     found_tree: RefCell<Vec<FoundNode>>,
     keyboard_node: CloneCell<Rc<dyn Node>>,
-    pressed_keys: RefCell<AHashSet<u32>>,
+    pressed_keys: RefCell<VecSet<u32>>,
     bindings: RefCell<AHashMap<ClientId, AHashMap<WlSeatId, Rc<WlSeat>>>>,
     x_data_devices: SmallMap<XIpcDeviceId, Rc<XIpcDevice>, 1>,
     data_devices: RefCell<AHashMap<ClientId, AHashMap<WlDataDeviceId, Rc<WlDataDevice>>>>,
@@ -141,7 +141,10 @@ pub struct WlSeatGlobal {
     wlr_data_devices:
         CopyHashMap<(ClientId, ZwlrDataControlDeviceV1Id), Rc<ZwlrDataControlDeviceV1>>,
     repeat_rate: Cell<(i32, i32)>,
-    kb_map: CloneCell<Rc<XkbKeymap>>,
+    seat_kb_map: CloneCell<Rc<XkbKeymap>>,
+    seat_kb_map_id: Cell<KeymapId>,
+    effective_kb_map: CloneCell<Rc<XkbKeymap>>,
+    effective_kb_map_id: Cell<KeymapId>,
     kb_state: RefCell<XkbState>,
     cursor: CloneCell<Option<Rc<dyn Cursor>>>,
     tree_changed: Rc<AsyncEvent>,
@@ -163,6 +166,7 @@ pub struct WlSeatGlobal {
     constraint: CloneCell<Option<Rc<SeatConstraint>>>,
     idle_notifications: CopyHashMap<(ClientId, ExtIdleNotificationV1Id), Rc<ExtIdleNotificationV1>>,
     last_input_usec: Cell<u64>,
+    keymap_version: NumCell<u32>,
 }
 
 const CHANGE_CURSOR_MOVED: u32 = 1 << 0;
@@ -196,7 +200,10 @@ impl WlSeatGlobal {
             data_devices: RefCell::new(Default::default()),
             primary_selection_devices: RefCell::new(Default::default()),
             repeat_rate: Cell::new((25, 250)),
-            kb_map: CloneCell::new(state.default_keymap.clone()),
+            seat_kb_map: CloneCell::new(state.default_keymap.clone()),
+            seat_kb_map_id: Cell::new(state.default_keymap.id),
+            effective_kb_map: CloneCell::new(state.default_keymap.clone()),
+            effective_kb_map_id: Cell::new(state.default_keymap.id),
             kb_state: RefCell::new(state.default_keymap.state().unwrap()),
             cursor: Default::default(),
             tree_changed: Default::default(),
@@ -219,6 +226,7 @@ impl WlSeatGlobal {
             idle_notifications: Default::default(),
             last_input_usec: Cell::new(now_usec()),
             wlr_data_devices: Default::default(),
+            keymap_version: NumCell::new(1),
         });
         state.add_cursor_size(*DEFAULT_CURSOR_SIZE);
         let seat = slf.clone();
@@ -236,7 +244,7 @@ impl WlSeatGlobal {
     }
 
     pub fn keymap(&self) -> Rc<XkbKeymap> {
-        self.kb_map.get()
+        self.seat_kb_map.get()
     }
 
     pub fn toplevel_drag(&self) -> Option<Rc<XdgToplevelDragV1>> {
@@ -505,7 +513,12 @@ impl WlSeatGlobal {
         false
     }
 
-    pub fn set_keymap(&self, keymap: &Rc<XkbKeymap>) {
+    pub fn set_seat_keymap(&self, keymap: &Rc<XkbKeymap>) {
+        self.seat_kb_map.set(keymap.clone());
+        self.seat_kb_map_id.set(keymap.id);
+    }
+
+    fn set_effective_keymap(&self, keymap: &Rc<XkbKeymap>) {
         let state = match keymap.state() {
             Ok(s) => s,
             Err(e) => {
@@ -513,24 +526,13 @@ impl WlSeatGlobal {
                 return;
             }
         };
-        self.kb_map.set(keymap.clone());
+        self.keyboard_node.get().node_on_unfocus(self);
+        self.effective_kb_map.set(keymap.clone());
+        self.effective_kb_map_id.set(keymap.id);
         *self.kb_state.borrow_mut() = state;
-        let bindings = self.bindings.borrow_mut();
-        for (id, client) in bindings.iter() {
-            for seat in client.values() {
-                let kbs = seat.keyboards.lock();
-                for kb in kbs.values() {
-                    let fd = match seat.keymap_fd(keymap) {
-                        Ok(fd) => fd,
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            log::error!("Could not creat a file descriptor to transfer the keymap to client {}: {}", id, ErrorFmt(e));
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-                    kb.send_keymap(wl_keyboard::XKB_V1, fd, keymap.map_len as _);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        self.keymap_version.fetch_add(1);
+        self.pressed_keys.borrow_mut().clear();
+        self.keyboard_node.get().node_on_focus(self);
     }
 
     pub fn prepare_for_lock(self: &Rc<Self>) {
@@ -1180,12 +1182,13 @@ impl WlSeatRequestHandler for WlSeat {
         track!(self.client, p);
         self.client.add_client_obj(&p)?;
         self.keyboards.set(req.id, p.clone());
-        let keymap = self.global.kb_map.get();
-        p.send_keymap(
-            wl_keyboard::XKB_V1,
-            self.keymap_fd(&keymap)?,
-            keymap.map_len as _,
-        );
+        p.send_keymap();
+        if let Some(surface) = self.global.keyboard_node.get().node_into_surface() {
+            if surface.client.id == self.client.id {
+                let serial = self.client.next_serial();
+                p.send_enter(serial, surface.id, &self.global.pressed_keys.borrow())
+            }
+        }
         if self.version >= REPEAT_INFO_SINCE {
             let (rate, delay) = self.global.repeat_rate.get();
             p.send_repeat_info(rate, delay);
diff --git a/src/ifs/wl_seat/event_handling.rs b/src/ifs/wl_seat/event_handling.rs
index aab12a45..440e706f 100644
--- a/src/ifs/wl_seat/event_handling.rs
+++ b/src/ifs/wl_seat/event_handling.rs
@@ -196,7 +196,20 @@ impl WlSeatGlobal {
                 time_usec,
                 key,
                 state,
-            } => self.key_event(time_usec, key, state),
+            } => {
+                let desired_kb_map_id = match dev.keymap_id.get() {
+                    Some(id) => id,
+                    None => self.seat_kb_map_id.get(),
+                };
+                if desired_kb_map_id != self.effective_kb_map_id.get() {
+                    let map = match dev.keymap.get() {
+                        Some(map) => map,
+                        None => self.seat_kb_map.get(),
+                    };
+                    self.set_effective_keymap(&map);
+                }
+                self.key_event(time_usec, key, state)
+            }
             InputEvent::ConnectorPosition {
                 time_usec,
                 connector,
@@ -742,10 +755,10 @@ impl WlSeatGlobal {
 // Focus callbacks
 impl WlSeatGlobal {
     pub fn focus_surface(&self, surface: &WlSurface) {
-        let pressed_keys: Vec<_> = self.pressed_keys.borrow().iter().copied().collect();
+        let pressed_keys = &*self.pressed_keys.borrow();
         let serial = surface.client.next_serial();
         self.surface_kb_event(Version::ALL, surface, |k| {
-            k.send_enter(serial, surface.id, &pressed_keys)
+            k.send_enter(serial, surface.id, pressed_keys)
         });
         let ModifierState {
             mods_depressed,
diff --git a/src/ifs/wl_seat/wl_keyboard.rs b/src/ifs/wl_seat/wl_keyboard.rs
index f5089eaf..73f1f99c 100644
--- a/src/ifs/wl_seat/wl_keyboard.rs
+++ b/src/ifs/wl_seat/wl_keyboard.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@ use {
         ifs::wl_seat::WlSeat,
         leaks::Tracker,
         object::{Object, Version},
-        utils::oserror::OsError,
+        utils::{errorfmt::ErrorFmt, numcell::NumCell, oserror::OsError},
         wire::{wl_keyboard::*, WlKeyboardId, WlSurfaceId},
     },
     std::rc::Rc,
     thiserror::Error,
-    uapi::OwnedFd,
 };
 
 pub const REPEAT_INFO_SINCE: Version = Version(4);
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ pub(super) const PRESSED: u32 = 1;
 pub struct WlKeyboard {
     id: WlKeyboardId,
     seat: Rc<WlSeat>,
+    pub(super) keymap_version: NumCell<u32>,
     pub tracker: Tracker<Self>,
 }
 
@@ -32,20 +32,38 @@ impl WlKeyboard {
         Self {
             id,
             seat: seat.clone(),
+            keymap_version: NumCell::new(0),
             tracker: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn send_keymap(self: &Rc<Self>, format: u32, fd: Rc<OwnedFd>, size: u32) {
+    pub fn send_keymap(&self) {
+        let map = self.seat.global.effective_kb_map.get();
+        let fd = match self.seat.keymap_fd(&map) {
+            Ok(fd) => fd,
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::error!(
+                    "Could not creat a file descriptor to transfer the keymap to client {}: {}",
+                    self.seat.client.id,
+                    ErrorFmt(e)
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+        };
         self.seat.client.event(Keymap {
             self_id: self.id,
-            format,
+            format: XKB_V1,
             fd,
-            size,
-        })
+            size: map.map_len as _,
+        });
+        self.keymap_version
+            .set(self.seat.global.keymap_version.get());
     }
 
     pub fn send_enter(self: &Rc<Self>, serial: u32, surface: WlSurfaceId, keys: &[u32]) {
+        if self.keymap_version.get() != self.seat.global.keymap_version.get() {
+            self.send_keymap();
+        }
         self.seat.client.event(Enter {
             self_id: self.id,
             serial,
diff --git a/src/ifs/wl_surface.rs b/src/ifs/wl_surface.rs
index 74977c19..07a8940f 100644
--- a/src/ifs/wl_surface.rs
+++ b/src/ifs/wl_surface.rs
@@ -1399,7 +1399,7 @@ impl Node for WlSurface {
         seat.scroll_surface(&self, event);
     }
 
-    fn node_on_focus(self: Rc<Self>, seat: &Rc<WlSeatGlobal>) {
+    fn node_on_focus(self: Rc<Self>, seat: &WlSeatGlobal) {
         if let Some(tl) = self.toplevel.get() {
             tl.tl_data().focus_node.insert(seat.id(), self.clone());
             tl.tl_on_activate();
diff --git a/src/state.rs b/src/state.rs
index e98715be..0a5522c3 100644
--- a/src/state.rs
+++ b/src/state.rs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ use {
             ExtForeignToplevelListV1Id, JayRenderCtxId, JaySeatEventsId, JayWorkspaceWatcherId,
             ZwpLinuxDmabufFeedbackV1Id,
         },
-        xkbcommon::{XkbContext, XkbKeymap},
+        xkbcommon::{KeymapId, XkbContext, XkbKeymap},
         xwayland::{self, XWaylandEvent},
     },
     ahash::AHashMap,
@@ -244,6 +244,15 @@ pub struct DeviceHandlerData {
     pub device: Rc<dyn InputDevice>,
     pub syspath: Option<String>,
     pub devnode: Option<String>,
+    pub keymap_id: Cell<Option<KeymapId>>,
+    pub keymap: CloneCell<Option<Rc<XkbKeymap>>>,
+}
+
+impl DeviceHandlerData {
+    pub fn set_keymap(&self, keymap: &Rc<XkbKeymap>) {
+        self.keymap_id.set(Some(keymap.id));
+        self.keymap.set(Some(keymap.clone()));
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct ConnectorData {
diff --git a/src/tasks/input_device.rs b/src/tasks/input_device.rs
index b2c84210..f32e8149 100644
--- a/src/tasks/input_device.rs
+++ b/src/tasks/input_device.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ pub fn handle(state: &Rc<State>, dev: Rc<dyn InputDevice>) {
         device: dev.clone(),
         syspath: props.syspath,
         devnode: props.devnode,
+        keymap_id: Default::default(),
+        keymap: Default::default(),
     });
     let ae = Rc::new(AsyncEvent::default());
     let oh = DeviceHandler {
diff --git a/src/tree.rs b/src/tree.rs
index a652e1a7..975ff0b0 100644
--- a/src/tree.rs
+++ b/src/tree.rs
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ pub trait Node: 'static {
         let _ = event;
     }
 
-    fn node_on_focus(self: Rc<Self>, seat: &Rc<WlSeatGlobal>) {
+    fn node_on_focus(self: Rc<Self>, seat: &WlSeatGlobal) {
         let _ = seat;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/utils.rs b/src/utils.rs
index 44c9a5ce..0ab8c1d3 100644
--- a/src/utils.rs
+++ b/src/utils.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ pub mod trim;
 pub mod unlink_on_drop;
 pub mod vec_ext;
 pub mod vecdeque_ext;
+pub mod vecset;
 pub mod vecstorage;
 pub mod windows;
 pub mod xrd;
diff --git a/src/utils/vecset.rs b/src/utils/vecset.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7333ec9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/vecset.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+pub struct VecSet<T> {
+    vec: Vec<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> Default for VecSet<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { vec: vec![] }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Deref for VecSet<T> {
+    type Target = [T];
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.vec
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> VecSet<T> {
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.vec.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: PartialEq> VecSet<T> {
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, val: T) -> bool {
+        if self.vec.contains(&val) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.vec.push(val);
+        true
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, val: &T) -> bool {
+        for i in 0..self.vec.len() {
+            if self.vec[i] == *val {
+                self.vec.swap_remove(i);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/xkbcommon.rs b/src/xkbcommon.rs
index bbedd6ae..473f6ef8 100644
--- a/src/xkbcommon.rs
+++ b/src/xkbcommon.rs
@@ -101,12 +101,15 @@ extern "C" {
 
 pub struct XkbContext {
     context: *mut xkb_context,
+    ids: KeymapIds,
 }
 
 extern "C" {
     fn jay_xkbcommon_log_handler_bridge();
 }
 
+linear_ids!(KeymapIds, KeymapId, u64);
+
 impl XkbContext {
     pub fn new() -> Result<Self, XkbCommonError> {
         let res = unsafe { xkb_context_new(XKB_CONTEXT_NO_FLAGS.raw() as _) };
@@ -117,10 +120,13 @@ impl XkbContext {
             xkb_context_set_log_verbosity(res, 10);
             xkb_context_set_log_fn(res, jay_xkbcommon_log_handler_bridge);
         }
-        Ok(Self { context: res })
+        Ok(Self {
+            context: res,
+            ids: Default::default(),
+        })
     }
 
-    fn raw_to_map(raw: *mut xkb_keymap) -> Result<Rc<XkbKeymap>, XkbCommonError> {
+    fn raw_to_map(&self, raw: *mut xkb_keymap) -> Result<Rc<XkbKeymap>, XkbCommonError> {
         let res = unsafe { xkb_keymap_get_as_string(raw, XKB_KEYMAP_FORMAT_TEXT_V1.raw() as _) };
         if res.is_null() {
             unsafe {
@@ -142,6 +148,7 @@ impl XkbContext {
         )
         .unwrap();
         Ok(Rc::new(XkbKeymap {
+            id: self.ids.next(),
             keymap: raw,
             map: Rc::new(memfd),
             map_len: str.len() + 1,
@@ -164,7 +171,7 @@ impl XkbContext {
             if keymap.is_null() {
                 return Err(XkbCommonError::KeymapFromBuffer);
             }
-            Self::raw_to_map(keymap)
+            self.raw_to_map(keymap)
         }
     }
 }
@@ -178,6 +185,7 @@ impl Drop for XkbContext {
 }
 
 pub struct XkbKeymap {
+    pub id: KeymapId,
     keymap: *mut xkb_keymap,
     pub map: Rc<OwnedFd>,
     pub map_len: usize,
diff --git a/toml-config/src/config.rs b/toml-config/src/config.rs
index eb2458bf..d9b89760 100644
--- a/toml-config/src/config.rs
+++ b/toml-config/src/config.rs
@@ -241,6 +241,7 @@ pub struct Input {
     pub natural_scrolling: Option<bool>,
     pub px_per_wheel_scroll: Option<f64>,
     pub transform_matrix: Option<[[f64; 2]; 2]>,
+    pub keymap: Option<ConfigKeymap>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
diff --git a/toml-config/src/config/parsers/input.rs b/toml-config/src/config/parsers/input.rs
index 8e8f2c20..ea4edc53 100644
--- a/toml-config/src/config/parsers/input.rs
+++ b/toml-config/src/config/parsers/input.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ use {
             context::Context,
             extractor::{bol, fltorint, opt, recover, str, val, Extractor, ExtractorError},
             parser::{DataType, ParseResult, Parser, UnexpectedDataType},
-            parsers::input_match::{InputMatchParser, InputMatchParserError},
+            parsers::{
+                input_match::{InputMatchParser, InputMatchParserError},
+                keymap::KeymapParser,
+            },
             Input,
         },
         toml::{
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser for InputParser<'a> {
                 natural_scrolling,
                 px_per_wheel_scroll,
             ),
-            (transform_matrix,),
+            (transform_matrix, keymap),
         ) = ext.extract((
             (
                 opt(str("tag")),
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser for InputParser<'a> {
                 recover(opt(bol("natural-scrolling"))),
                 recover(opt(fltorint("px-per-wheel-scroll"))),
             ),
-            (recover(opt(val("transform-matrix"))),),
+            (recover(opt(val("transform-matrix"))), opt(val("keymap"))),
         ))?;
         let accel_profile = match accel_profile {
             None => None,
@@ -109,6 +112,19 @@ impl<'a> Parser for InputParser<'a> {
                 );
             }
         }
+        let keymap = match keymap {
+            None => None,
+            Some(map) => match map.parse(&mut KeymapParser {
+                cx: self.cx,
+                definition: false,
+            }) {
+                Ok(v) => Some(v),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    log::warn!("Could not parse keymap: {}", self.cx.error(e));
+                    None
+                }
+            },
+        };
         Ok(Input {
             tag: tag.despan_into(),
             match_: match_val.parse_map(&mut InputMatchParser(self.cx))?,
@@ -121,6 +137,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser for InputParser<'a> {
             natural_scrolling: natural_scrolling.despan(),
             px_per_wheel_scroll: px_per_wheel_scroll.despan(),
             transform_matrix,
+            keymap,
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/toml-config/src/lib.rs b/toml-config/src/lib.rs
index d40318f8..fdabf3e1 100644
--- a/toml-config/src/lib.rs
+++ b/toml-config/src/lib.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl Action {
                 Box::new(move || {
                     for c in input_devices() {
                         if input.match_.matches(c, &state) {
-                            input.apply(c);
+                            input.apply(c, &state);
                         }
                     }
                 })
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ impl InputMatch {
 }
 
 impl Input {
-    fn apply(&self, c: InputDevice) {
+    fn apply(&self, c: InputDevice, state: &State) {
         if let Some(v) = self.accel_profile {
             c.set_accel_profile(v);
         }
@@ -389,6 +389,11 @@ impl Input {
         if let Some(v) = self.transform_matrix {
             c.set_transform_matrix(v);
         }
+        if let Some(v) = &self.keymap {
+            if let Some(km) = state.get_keymap(v) {
+                c.set_keymap(km);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -554,19 +559,25 @@ impl State {
         }
     }
 
-    fn set_keymap(&self, map: &ConfigKeymap) {
+    fn get_keymap(&self, map: &ConfigKeymap) -> Option<Keymap> {
         let map = match map {
             ConfigKeymap::Named(n) => match self.keymaps.get(n) {
                 None => {
                     log::warn!("Unknown keymap {n}");
-                    return;
+                    return None;
                 }
                 Some(m) => *m,
             },
             ConfigKeymap::Defined { map, .. } => *map,
             ConfigKeymap::Literal(map) => *map,
         };
-        self.persistent.seat.set_keymap(map);
+        Some(map)
+    }
+
+    fn set_keymap(&self, map: &ConfigKeymap) {
+        if let Some(map) = self.get_keymap(map) {
+            self.persistent.seat.set_keymap(map);
+        }
     }
 
     fn set_status(&self, status: &Option<Status>) {
@@ -816,7 +827,7 @@ fn load_config(initial_load: bool, persistent: &Rc<PersistentState>) {
         move |c| {
             for input in &config.inputs {
                 if input.match_.matches(c, &state) {
-                    input.apply(c);
+                    input.apply(c, &state);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/toml-spec/spec/spec.generated.json b/toml-spec/spec/spec.generated.json
index 560ef5b6..81b1647e 100644
--- a/toml-spec/spec/spec.generated.json
+++ b/toml-spec/spec/spec.generated.json
@@ -790,6 +790,10 @@
               "description": ""
             }
           }
+        },
+        "keymap": {
+          "description": "The keymap to use for this device.\n\nThis overrides the global keymap. The keymap becomes active when a key is pressed.\n\n- Example:\n\n  ```toml\n  [[inputs]]\n  match.name = \"ZSA Technology Labs Inc ErgoDox EZ\"\n  keymap.name = \"external\"\n  ```\n",
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/Keymap"
         }
       },
       "required": [
diff --git a/toml-spec/spec/spec.generated.md b/toml-spec/spec/spec.generated.md
index eeaa716d..5032b4fd 100644
--- a/toml-spec/spec/spec.generated.md
+++ b/toml-spec/spec/spec.generated.md
@@ -1519,6 +1519,22 @@ The table has the following fields:
 
   The value of this field should be an array of arrays of numbers.
 
+- `keymap` (optional):
+
+  The keymap to use for this device.
+  
+  This overrides the global keymap. The keymap becomes active when a key is pressed.
+  
+  - Example:
+  
+    ```toml
+    [[inputs]]
+    match.name = "ZSA Technology Labs Inc ErgoDox EZ"
+    keymap.name = "external"
+    ```
+
+  The value of this field should be a [Keymap](#types-Keymap).
+
 
 <a name="types-InputMatch"></a>
 ### `InputMatch`
diff --git a/toml-spec/spec/spec.yaml b/toml-spec/spec/spec.yaml
index 7d2e416b..9d79a882 100644
--- a/toml-spec/spec/spec.yaml
+++ b/toml-spec/spec/spec.yaml
@@ -1206,6 +1206,21 @@ Input:
           match.is-pointer = true
           transform-matrix = [[0.35, 0], [0, 0.35]]
           ```
+    keymap:
+      ref: Keymap
+      required: false
+      description: |
+        The keymap to use for this device.
+        
+        This overrides the global keymap. The keymap becomes active when a key is pressed.
+        
+        - Example:
+        
+          ```toml
+          [[inputs]]
+          match.name = "ZSA Technology Labs Inc ErgoDox EZ"
+          keymap.name = "external"
+          ```
 
 
 AccelProfile:
diff --git a/wire/jay_input.txt b/wire/jay_input.txt
index edf04894..3539389e 100644
--- a/wire/jay_input.txt
+++ b/wire/jay_input.txt
@@ -99,6 +99,16 @@ request get_device {
     id: u32,
 }
 
+request set_device_keymap {
+    id: u32,
+    keymap: fd,
+    keymap_len: u32,
+}
+
+request get_device_keymap {
+    id: u32,
+}
+
 # events
 
 event seat {