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Selenium Web App Unit Test on SLATE Portal

Selenium is a framework for automating web applications tests. It runs on OS's such as Windows, Mac OS, Linux and Solaris. It's supported browsers include Chrome, FireFox, Edge, Internet Explorer, Safari and Opera. The Selenium client API supports Java, Python, C#, Ruby, JavaScript and Kotlin

Minimum Requirement

  • Operating Systems: Linux or macOS
  • Browsers: Chrome or Firefox
  • Python 3
  • Selenium library for Python 
    $ pip install selenium
  • Reference: Selenium documentation

Browser Installation on Linux(CentOS)

  • Firefox (reference):

    $ cd /usr/local
$ sudo wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/76.0/linux-x86_64/en-US/firefox-76.0.tar.bz2
$ sudo tar xvjf firefox-76.0.tar.bz2
$ ln -s /usr/local/firefox/firefox /usr/bin/firefox
$ rm firefox-76.0.tar.bz2

  • Chrome (reference):

    $ wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm
$ sudo yum localinstall google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm
$ rm oogle-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm

WebDriver Installation

  • Referenced Documentation
  • This instruction assumes the download path is at /opt/WebDriver/bin. The users can specify other download path as needed.

Chrome WebDriver Download

  1. Selenium requires a WebDriver of corresponding version to interface with the installed Chrome. Check the installed Chrome version using: 
    $ google-chrome --version
  2. For example, if the Chrome version is 84.0.4147.105, then ChromeDriver 84.0.4147.30 should be downloaded from WebDriver for Chrome 
    $ cd /opt/WebDriver/bin
$ sudo wget https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/84.0.4147.30/chromedriver_linux64.zip
$ sudo unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip
$ sudo rm chromedriver_linux64.zip

Firefox WebDriver Download

  • Download the latest WebDriver for Firefox 
    $ cd /opt/WebDriver/bin
$ sudo wget https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/download/v0.27.0/geckodriver-v0.27.0-linux64.tar.gz
$ sudo tar xvjf geckodriver-v0.27.0-linux64.tar.gz
$ sudo rm geckodriver-v0.27.0-linux64.tar.gz

Add Download Directory to PATH

$ export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin >> ~/.profile

If the above command does not work in macOS, add line export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin to file ~/.bash_profile

Check If PATH Set Up Correctly

  • for chromedriver, enter chromedriver in terminal. The terminal should output: 
    Starting ChromeDriver 84.0.4147.30 (48b3e868b4cc0aa7e8149519690b6f6949e110a8-refs/branch-heads/4147@{#310}) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
  • for geckodriver, enter geckodriver in terminal. The terminal should output: 
    1597169870563	geckodriver	INFO	Listening on 127.0.0.1:4444

Bypass the notarization requirement on macOS

  • macOS notarization requirement can prevent the WebDriver from running
  • Navigate to the folder of WebDriver.
  • For chromedriver run the following command: 
    xattr -r -d com.apple.quarantine chromedriver
  • For geckodriver (FireFox) run the following command: 
    xattr -r -d com.apple.quarantine geckodriver

Instantiate Chrome and Firefox Sessions In Python

from selenium.webdriver import Chrome, Firefox
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options as FirefoxOptions
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options as ChromeOptions

# headless mode set to true to run test in background (VM through ssh)
# headless mode set to false to open a foreground browser session

# test with chrome
ch_options = ChromeOptions()
ch_options.headless = True
ch_driver = Chrome(executable_path='/opt/WebDriver/bin/chromedriver', options=ch_options)

# test with Firefox
ff_options = FirefoxOptions()
ff_options.headless = True 
ff_driver = Firefox(executable_path='/opt/WebDriver/bin/geckodriver', options=ff_options)

Test Set Up

This test is set up using the page object pattern detailed in the Selenium-Python documentation. Click this LINK from reference.

Tests Structure

.
├── ...
├── main.py                 
│   ├── PortalBrowsing                          # tests to iterate through web pages
│   │   ├── test_iterate_clusters_pages
│   │   ├── test_iterate_apps_pages
│   │   ├── test_iterate_instances_pages
│   │   ├── test_iterate_secrets_pages
│   │   ├── test_iterate_my_groups_pages
│   │   ├── test_iterate_all_groups_pages
│   │   └── test_check_cli_access_page
│   └── FuncTests                               # tests to modify instance/group through the portal
│       ├── test_add_and_delete_instance        # add and delete an Nginx instance
│       ├── test_add_instance_wrong_input       # try adding an Nginx instance with wrong input
│       ├── test_add_and_delete_group           # add and delete a new group
│       ├── test_add_group_wrong_input          # try adding a group with wrong input
│       ├── test_edit_group                     # edit "test-group" group
│       ├── test_edit_group_wrong_input         # try editing a group with wrong input
│       ├── test_edit_cluster_in_group (in progress)
│       ├── test_add_group_to_cluster           # allow a group to access the cluster
│       ├── test_revoke_group_from_cluster      # revoke a group's access to the cluster
│       ├── test_add_and_delete_secret          # add and delete a secret
│       └── test_add_secret_wrong_input         # trying adding a secret with wrong input
└── ...

Run Test

To run all tests

$ python3 main.py

To run a type of tests. For example, PortalBrowsing tests

$ python3 main.py PortalBrowsing

To run a specific test. For example, test_instance_delete_accept in FuncTests

$ python3 main.py FuncTests.test_delete_instance

Troubleshooting

  • Delete button not clickable with click():
    1. There are a few cases in the test where we need to delete a component of the MiniSLATE cluster, such as delete an instance, delete a group and delete a secret.
    2. Interacting with the Delete button with invoke a confirmation popup box. During the development, using the click() function from Selenium on the Delete buttons instead of the submit() function is a good way to avoid unexpected errors.
    3. For example, in the Groups Profile page(groups_profile_template.html and groups_profile_secrets.html), both the Delete Group and Delete Secret buttons are embeded inside the <form> tag in the html. To identify the buttons from the html, I used the find_element_by_xpath() function from Selenium.
    4. For the Delete Group button, I used .find_element_by_xpath("//div[@aria-label='second group']/form[1]") to get the button, it was working as expected with the click().
    5. However, when I tried the same thing to get the Delete Secret button, the return <form> element cannot be interacted with click(). It can only be interacted with submit(), which caused a problem because the popup confirmation alert that the submit() function invokes will lead to a error page when Selenium tries to .alert.accept() the confirmation.
    6. A fix to this is to modified the xpath a level deeper passing the <form> tag to find the Delete Secret button, i.e. .find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='{}']/div[1]/form[1]/button[1]".format(secret_field)). This will return the element as a button so that click() can function normally.