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mereotopology.owl
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#"
xml:base="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"
xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology">
<owl:versionIRI rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/1.0.0-alpha2/top/mereotopology"/>
<owl:imports rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/1.0.0-alpha2/top/annotations"/>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO)
EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies.
It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world.
EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:contributor>Access, DE</dcterms:contributor>
<dcterms:contributor>Fraunhofer IWM, DE</dcterms:contributor>
<dcterms:contributor>Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)</dcterms:contributor>
<dcterms:contributor>SINTEF, NO</dcterms:contributor>
<dcterms:contributor>University of Bologna, IT</dcterms:contributor>
<dcterms:creator>Adham Hashibon</dcterms:creator>
<dcterms:creator>Emanuele Ghedini</dcterms:creator>
<dcterms:creator>Georg Schmitz</dcterms:creator>
<dcterms:creator>Gerhard Goldbeck</dcterms:creator>
<dcterms:creator>Jesper Friis</dcterms:creator>
<dcterms:license>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode</dcterms:license>
<dcterms:publisher>EMMC ASBL</dcterms:publisher>
<dcterms:title xml:lang="en">European Materials & Modelling Ontology</dcterms:title>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Contacts:
Gerhard Goldbeck
Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)
email: [email protected]
Emanuele Ghedini
University of Bologna (IT)
email: [email protected]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege).</rdfs:comment>
<owl:versionInfo>1.0.0-alpha2</owl:versionInfo>
</owl:Ontology>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Object Properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
<annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 xml:lang="en">The superclass for all EMMO mereotopological relations.</annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc.</rdfs:comment>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">mereotopological</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_8c898653_1118_4682_9bbf_6cc334d16a99"/>
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">hasPart</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_4d6504f1_c470_4ce9_b941_bbbebc9ab05d -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_4d6504f1_c470_4ce9_b941_bbbebc9ab05d">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">hasContactWith</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_517dfaf9_4970_41ac_81ee_d031627d2c7c -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_517dfaf9_4970_41ac_81ee_d031627d2c7c">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">disconnected</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Causality is a topological property between connected items.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them.</rdfs:comment>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">connected</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AsymmetricProperty"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#IrreflexiveProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de"/>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">hasMember</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_8c898653_1118_4682_9bbf_6cc334d16a99 -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_8c898653_1118_4682_9bbf_6cc334d16a99">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Enclosure is reflexive and transitive.</rdfs:comment>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">encloses</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">hasProperPart</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">overcrosses</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">hasOverlapWith</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf"/>
<annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 xml:lang="en">The superclass for all relations used by the EMMO.</annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">EMMORelation</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Classes
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 xml:lang="en">The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object.</annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object.
A 'Collection' individual is related to each 'Item' individuals of the collection (i.e. the members) through the membership relation.
An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components).</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Formally, 'Collection' is axiomatized as the class of individuals that hasMember some 'Item'.
A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion.</rdfs:comment>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Collection</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76"/>
<owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 xml:lang="en">The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space.</annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9>
<annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a xml:lang="en">For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s).
However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a 'Quantum' can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity.</annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects.
The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A 'Quantum' stands for a 4D real world object.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A quantum is the EMMO mereological 4D a-tomic entity.
To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of a-tomistic mereology.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as;", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900.</rdfs:comment>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Quantum</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf">
<owl:equivalentClass>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</owl:equivalentClass>
<owl:equivalentClass>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<rdf:Description>
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f"/>
</rdf:Description>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:hasValue rdf:resource="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</owl:equivalentClass>
<owl:disjointUnionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de"/>
</owl:disjointUnionOf>
<annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 xml:lang="en">The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects.</annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom).
The union implies that 'EMMO' individuals can only be 'Item' individuals (standing for self-connected real world objects) or 'Collection' individuals (standing for a collection of disconnected items).
Disjointness means that a 'Collection' individual cannot be an 'Item' individual and viceversa, representing the fact that a real world object cannot be self-connected and non-self connected at the same time.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">For the EMMO ontologist the whole universe is represented as a 4D path-connected topological manifold (i.e. the spacetime).
A real world object is then a 4D topological sub-region of the universe.
A universe sub-region is isolated and defined as a real world object by the ontologist. Then, through a semiotic process that occurs at meta-ontological level (i.e. outside the ontology). an EMMO ontology entity (e.g. an OWL individual) is assigned to represent that real world object.
The fundamental distinction between real world objects, upon which the EMMO is based, is self-connectedness: a real world object can be self-connected xor not self-connected.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">In the EMMO we will refer to the universe as a Minkowski space, restricting the ontology to special relativity only. However, exension to general relativity, will adding more complexity, should not change the overall approach.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Mereotopology is the fundamental logical representation used by the EMMO ontologist to characterize the universe and to provide the definitions to connect real world objects to the EMMO concepts.
Parthood relations do not change dimensionality of the real world object referred by an 'EMMO' individual, i.e. every part of a real world object always retains its 4D dimensionality.
The smallest part of a real world object (i.e. a part that has no proper parts) is referred in the EMMO by a 'Quantum' individual.
It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4D (e.g. surfaces, lines) do not exist.</rdfs:comment>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">EMMO</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive).
Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components).
In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality.
All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s.
Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover".</rdfs:comment>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Item</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:Class>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Individuals
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 -->
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918">
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Universe</skos:prefLabel>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi -->