设计一个基于时间的键值数据结构,该结构可以在不同时间戳存储对应同一个键的多个值,并针对特定时间戳检索键对应的值。
实现 TimeMap
类:
TimeMap()
初始化数据结构对象void set(String key, String value, int timestamp)
存储键key
、值value
,以及给定的时间戳timestamp
。String get(String key, int timestamp)
- 返回先前调用
set(key, value, timestamp_prev)
所存储的值,其中timestamp_prev <= timestamp
。 - 如果有多个这样的值,则返回对应最大的
timestamp_prev
的那个值。 - 如果没有值,则返回空字符串(
""
)。
- 返回先前调用
示例:
输入: ["TimeMap", "set", "get", "get", "set", "get", "get"] [[], ["foo", "bar", 1], ["foo", 1], ["foo", 3], ["foo", "bar2", 4], ["foo", 4], ["foo", 5]] 输出: [null, null, "bar", "bar", null, "bar2", "bar2"] 解释: TimeMap timeMap = new TimeMap(); timeMap.set("foo", "bar", 1); // 存储键 "foo" 和值 "bar" ,时间戳 timestamp = 1 timeMap.get("foo", 1); // 返回 "bar" timeMap.get("foo", 3); // 返回 "bar", 因为在时间戳 3 和时间戳 2 处没有对应 "foo" 的值,所以唯一的值位于时间戳 1 处(即 "bar") 。 timeMap.set("foo", "bar2", 4); // 存储键 "foo" 和值 "bar2" ,时间戳 timestamp = 4 timeMap.get("foo", 4); // 返回 "bar2" timeMap.get("foo", 5); // 返回 "bar2"
提示:
1 <= key.length, value.length <= 100
key
和value
由小写英文字母和数字组成1 <= timestamp <= 107
set
操作中的时间戳timestamp
都是严格递增的- 最多调用
set
和get
操作2 * 105
次
方法一:哈希表 + 有序集合(或二分查找)
我们可以用哈希表
当我们需要查询键
时间复杂度方面,对于
class TimeMap:
def __init__(self):
self.ktv = defaultdict(list)
def set(self, key: str, value: str, timestamp: int) -> None:
self.ktv[key].append((timestamp, value))
def get(self, key: str, timestamp: int) -> str:
if key not in self.ktv:
return ''
tv = self.ktv[key]
i = bisect_right(tv, (timestamp, chr(127)))
return tv[i - 1][1] if i else ''
# Your TimeMap object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = TimeMap()
# obj.set(key,value,timestamp)
# param_2 = obj.get(key,timestamp)
class TimeMap {
private Map<String, TreeMap<Integer, String>> ktv = new HashMap<>();
public TimeMap() {
}
public void set(String key, String value, int timestamp) {
ktv.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new TreeMap<>()).put(timestamp, value);
}
public String get(String key, int timestamp) {
if (!ktv.containsKey(key)) {
return "";
}
var tv = ktv.get(key);
Integer t = tv.floorKey(timestamp);
return t == null ? "" : tv.get(t);
}
}
/**
* Your TimeMap object will be instantiated and called as such:
* TimeMap obj = new TimeMap();
* obj.set(key,value,timestamp);
* String param_2 = obj.get(key,timestamp);
*/
class TimeMap {
public:
TimeMap() {
}
void set(string key, string value, int timestamp) {
ktv[key].emplace_back(timestamp, value);
}
string get(string key, int timestamp) {
auto& pairs = ktv[key];
pair<int, string> p = {timestamp, string({127})};
auto i = upper_bound(pairs.begin(), pairs.end(), p);
return i == pairs.begin() ? "" : (i - 1)->second;
}
private:
unordered_map<string, vector<pair<int, string>>> ktv;
};
/**
* Your TimeMap object will be instantiated and called as such:
* TimeMap* obj = new TimeMap();
* obj->set(key,value,timestamp);
* string param_2 = obj->get(key,timestamp);
*/
type TimeMap struct {
ktv map[string][]pair
}
func Constructor() TimeMap {
return TimeMap{map[string][]pair{}}
}
func (this *TimeMap) Set(key string, value string, timestamp int) {
this.ktv[key] = append(this.ktv[key], pair{timestamp, value})
}
func (this *TimeMap) Get(key string, timestamp int) string {
pairs := this.ktv[key]
i := sort.Search(len(pairs), func(i int) bool { return pairs[i].t > timestamp })
if i > 0 {
return pairs[i-1].v
}
return ""
}
type pair struct {
t int
v string
}
/**
* Your TimeMap object will be instantiated and called as such:
* obj := Constructor();
* obj.Set(key,value,timestamp);
* param_2 := obj.Get(key,timestamp);
*/