sz.doc

     SSSSZZZZ((((1111))))		OOOOmmmmeeeennnn TTTTeeeecccchhhhnnnnoooollllooooggggyyyy	IIIINNNNCCCC ((((OOOOMMMMEEEENNNN))))		 SSSSZZZZ((((1111))))



     NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
	  sx, sb, sz - Send Files with ZMODEM, YMODEM, or XMODEM
	  zcommand, zcommandi -	Send Commands with ZMODEM

     SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
	  sz [-++++aaaabbbbddddeeeeffffkkkkLLLLllllNNNNnnnnooooppppttttuuuuvvvvxxxxyyyyYYYYZZZZ] _f_i_l_e ...
	  sb [-ddddffffkkkkttttuuuuvvvv] _f_i_l_e ...
	  sx [-kkkkttttuuuuvvvv] _f_i_l_e
	  zcommand [-oooottttvvvv] CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDD
	  zcommandi [-oooottttvvvv] CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDD
	  sz -T


     LLLLIIIICCCCEEEENNNNSSSSEEEE AAAAGGGGRRRREEEEEEEEMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT
	  This is a copyrighted	shareware program.  Commercial use of
	  this program is subject to licensing conditions detailed in
	  the rz.c source code.	 "Commercial Use" includes any use of
	  this program to send files to	a commercial or	shareware
	  program not published	or licensed by Omen Technology INC.

	  Registration information is provided in the file mailer.rz.

	  Use of this program constitutes agreement to the License
	  Agreement.

	  Please check http://www.omen.com for more information.

     SSSSUUUUPPPPPPPPOOOORRRRTTTT
	  Users	who have not purchased support as part of their
	  registration may call	503-614-0430 to	arrange	for technical
	  support on a consulting basis.

	  Registered users encountering	problems using this program on
	  standard serial ports	to transfer files with Professional-
	  YAM or ZCOMM may call	the support number listed in the
	  Professional-YAM/ZCOMM documentation.	 Solutions to nearly
	  all file transfer problems are described in the
	  Professional-YAM/ZCOMM documentation.

     DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
	  SSSSzzzz (send ZMODEM) uses	the ZMODEM, YMODEM or XMODEM error
	  correcting protocol to send one or more files	over a dial-in
	  serial port to a variety of programs running under PC-DOS,
	  CP/M,	Unix, VMS, and other operating systems.

	  To obtain the	maximum	performance and	full functionality of
	  this program we recommend its	use with GSZ, Professional-YAM
	  or ZCOMM.

	  This program is intended to act as a server for terminal
	  programs, not	to act as one.	This program is	not designed
	  to be	called from _c_u(_1) _t_i_p(_1), or other communications



     Page 1					     (printed 1/27/98)






     SSSSZZZZ((((1111))))		OOOOmmmmeeeennnn TTTTeeeecccchhhhnnnnoooollllooooggggyyyy	IIIINNNNCCCC ((((OOOOMMMMEEEENNNN))))		 SSSSZZZZ((((1111))))



	  programs.  Unix flavors of Omen Technology's Professional-
	  YAM communications software are available for	dial-out
	  applications.	 Unix Professional-YAM supports	dial-out
	  applications with telephone directory, a powerful script
	  language with	learn function,	high quality multiple protocol
	  support, and UUCP port arbitration.

	  SSSSzzzz sends one or more files with ZMODEM protocol.

	  ZMODEM greatly simplifies file transfers compared to XMODEM.
	  In addition to a friendly user interface, ZMODEM provides
	  Personal Computer and	other users an efficient, accurate,
	  and robust file transfer method.

	  ZMODEM provides complete EEEENNNNDDDD----TTTTOOOO----EEEENNNNDDDD data integrity between
	  application programs.	 ZMODEM's 32 bit CRC catches errors
	  that sneak into even the most	advanced networks.

	  Advanced file	management features include AutoDownload
	  (Automatic file Download initiated without user
	  intervention), Display of individual and total file lengths
	  and transmission time	estimates, Crash Recovery, selective
	  file transfers, and preservation of exact file date and
	  length.

	  The ----yyyy option	instructs the receiver to open the file	for
	  writing unconditionally.  The	----aaaa option causes the receiver
	  to convert Unix newlines to PC-DOS carriage returns and
	  linefeeds.


	  SSSSbbbb sends one or more files with YMODEM or ZMODEM protocol.
	  The initial ZMODEM initialization is not sent.  When
	  requested by the receiver, ssssbbbb	supports YYYYMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM----gggg with
	  "cbreak" tty mode, XON/XOFF flow control, and	interrupt
	  character set	to CAN (^X).  YYYYMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM----gggg (Professional-YAM gggg
	  option) increases YMODEM throughput over error free channels
	  (direct connection, X.PC, etc.) by disabling error recovery.

	  On Unix systems, additional information about	the file is
	  transmitted.	If the receiving program uses this
	  information, the transmitted file length controls the	exact
	  number of bytes written to the output	dataset	and the	modify
	  time are set accordingly.


	  SSSSxxxx sends a single _f_i_l_e with XXXXMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM or	XXXXMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM----1111kkkk protocol
	  (sometimes incorrectly called	"ymodem").  The	user must
	  supply the file name to both sending and receiving programs.

	  Iff sssszzzz is invoked with $SHELL	set and	iff that variable
	  contains the string _r_s_h or _r_k_s_h (restricted shell), sssszzzz



     Page 2					     (printed 1/27/98)






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	  operates in restricted mode.	Restricted mode	restricts
	  pathnames to the current directory and PUBDIR	(usually
	  /usr/spool/uucppublic) and/or	subdirectories thereof.


	  The fourth form sends	a single COMMAND to a ZMODEM receiver
	  for execution.  ZZZZccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd exits with the COMMAND return
	  value.  If COMMAND includes spaces or	characters special to
	  the shell, it	must be	quoted.


	  The fifth form sends a single	COMMAND	to a ZMODEM receiver
	  for execution.  ZZZZccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddiiii exits as soon as the receiver has
	  correctly received the command, before it is executed.


	  The sixth form (sz -T) outputs all 256 code combinations to
	  the terminal.	 The hex value of the character, a space, and
	  the raw character are	sent, 8	per line.  In you are having
	  difficulty sending files, this command lets you see which
	  character codes are being eaten by the operating system or
	  network.  The	terminal program must be set to	display	all
	  256 codes in a distinct form.	 Check that each code is sent,
	  and that the 8th bit on codes	0x80 to	0xFF is	set.

	  Sz -T	then allows the	caller to input	characters which are
	  echoed in hex.  You should check that	all control characters
	  can be input this way.



	  The meanings of the available	options	are:

	  ++++    Instruct	the receiver to	append transmitted data	to an
	       existing	file (ZMODEM only).
	  aaaa    Instruct	the ZMODEM receiver to convert text file
	       format as appropriate for the receiving system.	Valid
	       only for	ZMODEM.
	  bbbb    (ZMODEM)	Binary override: transfer file without any
	       translation.
	  cccc    Instruct	the receiver to	change the pathname if the
	       destination file	exists.
	  dddd    Change all instances of "." to "/" in the transmitted
	       pathname.  Thus,	C.omenB0000 (which is unacceptable to
	       MSDOS or	CP/M) is transmitted as	C/omenB0000.  If the
	       resultant filename has more than	8 characters in	the
	       stem, a "." is inserted to allow	a total	of eleven.
	  eeee    Escape all control characters and the all ones
	       character (0xFF); normally only XON, XOFF, and Ctrl-X
	       are escaped.
	  ffff    Send Full pathname.  Normally directory prefixes	are
	       stripped	from the transmitted filename.



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     SSSSZZZZ((((1111))))		OOOOmmmmeeeennnn TTTTeeeecccchhhhnnnnoooollllooooggggyyyy	IIIINNNNCCCC ((((OOOOMMMMEEEENNNN))))		 SSSSZZZZ((((1111))))



	  gggg    Send ESC-[-?-3-4-l to start DSZ from Kermit.
	  kkkk    (XMODEM/YMODEM) Send files using	1024 byte blocks
	       rather than the default 128 byte	blocks.	 1024 byte
	       packets speed file transfers at high bit	rates.
	       (ZMODEM streams the data	for the	best possible
	       throughput.)
	  LLLLNNNN   Use ZMODEM sub-packets of length	N.  A larger N (32 <=
	       N <= 1024) gives	slightly higher	throughput, a smaller
	       N speeds	error recovery.	 The default is	128 below 300
	       baud, 256 above 300 baud, or 1024 above 2400 baud.
	  llllNNNN   Wait for	the receiver to	acknowledge correct data every
	       NNNN (32 <=	N) characters.	This may be used to avoid
	       network overrun when XOFF flow control is lacking.
	  nnnn    (ZMODEM)	Send each file if destination file does	not
	       exist.  Overwrite destination file if source file is
	       newer than the destination file.
	  NNNN    (ZMODEM)	Send each file if destination file does	not
	       exist.  Overwrite destination file if source file is
	       newer or	longer than the	destination file.
	  oooo    (ZMODEM)	Disable	automatic selection of 32 bit CRC.
	  pppp    (ZMODEM)	Protect	existing destination files by skipping
	       transfer	if the destination file	exists.
	  rrrr    (ZMODEM)	Resume interrupted file	transfer.  If the
	       source file is longer than the destination file,	the
	       transfer	commences at the offset	in the source file
	       that equals the length of the destination file.
	  rrrrrrrr   As above, but compares the files	(the portion common to
	       sender and receiver) before resuming the	transfer.
	  ttttttttiiiimmmm Change timeout to _t_i_m tenths of seconds.
	  uuuu    Unlink the file after successful	transmission.  Users
	       should not manually abort or skip file transfers	when
	       this option is used.
	  wwwwNNNN   Limit the transmit window size to N bytes (ZMODEM).
	  vvvv    Verbose causes a	list of	file names to be appended to
	       /tmp/szlog .  More v's generate more output.
	  xxxx    Count skipped files as errors.
	  yyyy    Instruct	a ZMODEM receiving program to overwrite	any
	       existing	file with the same name.
	  YYYY    Instruct	a ZMODEM receiving program to overwrite	any
	       existing	file with the same name, and to	skip any
	       source files that do have a file	with the same pathname
	       on the destination system.
	  ZZZZ    Use ZMODEM file compression to speed file transfer.

     DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
	  Exit status is as follows: 0 for successful transfers.  1 if
	  unrecoverable	errors are detected.  2	if syntax errors or
	  file access problems are detected.  3	if the program was
	  terminated by	a caught interrupt.

     EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS




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     SSSSZZZZ((((1111))))		OOOOmmmmeeeennnn TTTTeeeecccchhhhnnnnoooollllooooggggyyyy	IIIINNNNCCCC ((((OOOOMMMMEEEENNNN))))		 SSSSZZZZ((((1111))))



	  ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM FFFFiiiilllleeee TTTTrrrraaaannnnssssffffeeeerrrr (Unix to	DSZ/ZCOMM/Professional-YAM)
	  %%%% sssszzzz ----aaaa ****....cccc
	  This single command transfers	all .c files in	the current
	  Unix directory with conversion (----aaaa) to end of	line
	  conventions appropriate to the receiving environment.	 With
	  ZMODEM AutoDownload enabled, Professional-YAM	 and ZCOMM
	  will automatically receive the files after performing	a
	  security check.

	  %%%% sssszzzz ----YYYYaaaannnn ****....cccc	****....hhhh
	  Send only the	.c and .h files	that exist on both systems,
	  and are newer	on the sending system than the corresponding
	  version on the receiving system, converting Unix to DOS text
	  format.

	  ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM CCCCoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd DDDDoooowwwwnnnnllllooooaaaadddd (Unix	to Professional-YAM)
	   cpszall:all
	      zcommand "c:;cd /yam/dist"
	      sz -ya $(YD)/*.me
	      sz -yb y*.exe
	      zcommand "cd /yam"
	      zcommandi	"!insms"
	  This Makefile	fragment uses zzzzccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd to issue	commands to
	  Professional-YAM to change current disk and directory.
	  Next,	sssszzzz transfers the ._m_e files from	the $YD	directory,
	  commanding the receiver to overwrite the old files and to
	  convert from Unix end	of line	conventions to PC-DOS
	  conventions.	The third line transfers some ._e_x_e files.  The
	  fourth and fifth lines command Pro-YAM to change directory
	  and execute a	PC-DOS batch file _i_n_s_m_s	. Since	the batch file
	  takes	considerable time, the zzzzccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddiiii form is used to allow
	  the program to exit immediately.

	  XXXXMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM FFFFiiiilllleeee TTTTrrrraaaannnnssssffffeeeerrrr (Unix to	Crosstalk)
	  % ssssxxxx ffffoooooooo....cccc
	  EEEESSSSCCCC
	  rrrrxxxx ffffoooooooo....cccc
	  The above three commands transfer a single file from Unix to
	  a PC and Crosstalk.  This combination	is much	slower and
	  less reliable	than ZMODEM.

     EEEERRRRRRRROOOORRRR MMMMEEEESSSSSSSSAAAAGGGGEEEESSSS
	  "Caught signal 99" indicates the program was not properly
	  compiled, refer to "bibi(99)"	in rbsb.c for details.

     SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
	  rz(omen), ZCOMM User's Manual, Professional-YAM User's
	  Manual, crc(omen), sq(omen), todos(omen), tocpm(omen),
	  tomac(omen), yam(omen)

	  Compile time options required	for various operating systems
	  are described	in the source file.



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     FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
	  32 bit CRC code courtesy Gary	S. Brown.

	  sz.c,	crctab.c, rbsb.c, zm.c,	zmr.c, zmodem.h	Unix source
	  files

	  /tmp/szlog stores debugging output (sz -vv)

     TTTTEEEESSSSTTTTIIIINNNNGGGG FFFFEEEEAAAATTTTUUUURRRREEEE
	  The command "sz -T file" exercises the AAAAttttttttnnnn sequence error
	  recovery by commanding errors	with unterminated packets.
	  The receiving	program	should complain	five times about
	  binary data packets being too	long.  Each time sssszzzz is
	  interrupted, it should send a	ZDATA header followed by
	  another defective packet.  If	the receiver does not detect
	  five long data packets, the AAAAttttttttnnnn sequence is not
	  interrupting the sender, and the MMMMyyyyaaaattttttttnnnn string in sssszzzz....cccc must
	  be modified.

	  After	5 packets, sssszzzz stops the	"transfer" and prints the
	  total	number of characters "sent" (Tcount).  The difference
	  between Tcount and 5120 represents the number	of characters
	  stored in various buffers when the Attn sequence is
	  generated.

     SSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR////NNNNEEEETTTTWWWWOOOORRRRKKKK NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS
	  Terminals on some timesharing	systems	are connected
	  indirectly to	the host with TTTTEEEERRRRMMMMIIIINNNNAAAALLLL SSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRRSSSS operating over
	  networks.  Terminal servers often interfere with file
	  transfers by "eating"	control	characters and/or losing data.

	  Accessing a distant system using tttteeeellllnnnneeeetttt on a local Unix
	  system entails the same problems.  If	tttteeeellllnnnneeeetttt does not	work
	  well,	try rrrrllllooooggggiiiinnnn with	the ----8888 option.	Set the	escape
	  character to ^P (control P) which is protected by ZMODEM.

	  When terminal	servers	interfere with file transfers, server
	  commands are often available to help the problem.  When
	  possible, enable the server and modems for hardware flow
	  control in and out.  Set the terminal	server to telnet
	  transparent mode.  Some typical commands are "SET TERMINAL
	  DOWNLOAD", "set session passall", and	"SET TERMINAL NO ESC",
	  but there is no standard set of commands suitable for	all
	  terminal servers.  Normally these commands are given before
	  attempting file transfers, but one user has reported that
	  the command must be given _a_f_t_e_r the file transfer is
	  started(!).  Until terminal server vendors improve the
	  quality of their product, you	may have to get	on their case
	  until	they adequately	support	high performance file
	  transfers.

	  The telnet protcol used by the _t_e_l_n_e_t	program	and terminal



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	  servers uses 0xFF (377 octal)	for special control functions.
	  The 0xFF character may cause problems	if it appears in the
	  data stream, especially uploading at high speeds.  With
	  ZCOMM	or Professional-YAM the	0xFF character can be
	  protected by giving the command:
	  set zmtxesc ?

	  Escaping control characters with ZMODEM (sz -e) may help if
	  the transfer gets stuck in the same place on every attempt.
	  Professional-YAM and ZCOMM allow selection of	which control
	  characters need to be	escaped.  In extreme cases 7-bit
	  transmission may be required (see the	Professional-YAM/ZCOMM
	  manual).  If you encounter problems with control characters
	  you should identify which control characters are causing the
	  problem.  Please refer to the	sz -T command in sz.doc	for
	  more help.

	  Flow control between the server and modem is often
	  defective.  This rarely causes a problem in interactive
	  applications whose short bursts (a screenfull	at most) fit
	  within the available memory buffers.	Streaming protocols
	  such as YMODEM-g, long packet	SuperKermit, and ZMODEM	can
	  overload the available buffering.  Some terminal servers
	  support commands to enable hardware flow control such	as
	  "TERM	FLOWCONTROL HARDWARE IN	OUT"; this assumes the modem
	  attached to the server is properly configured.

	  If the terminal server is too	brain damaged to support flow
	  control, ZMODEM lets you fake	it by setting a	window size.
	  Try
	       sz -w2048 file...
	  to enable software flow control.  Experiment with different
	  window sizes for best	results.

	  Terminal servers are designed	to accept keyboard input from
	  human	operators.  They may lose data when a program sends
	  more data to the host	faster than humans type.  Some servers
	  allow	larger input buffers to	support	file uploads.  If you
	  can upload short files (less than 100	bytes) but not longer
	  files, try
	       sz -w1024 file...
	  with your uploading program.	(Not all programs support this
	  option; use ZCOMM or Professional-YAM.)

	  When both flow control and character transparency are
	  problems, use
	       sz -ew1024 file...
	  as a starting	point.

	  Sometimes the	terminal server	software is defective and must
	  be corrected.	 Please	contact	the network's vendor for
	  corrective procedures.  An alternative is to install direct



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	  serial ports for users desiring to upload files.

	  We have also encountered problems when networking software
	  fails	to pass	data after a large amount of data has been
	  sent to the host.  This has happened on a PPP	internet
	  connection which prevented uploads of	large amounts of data
	  via either FTP or a ZMODEM upload (via TELNET).  The PPP
	  connection grinds to a standstill and	not even PING works.
	  The same ZMODEM/TELNET combination easily uploaded ten times
	  as much to a nearby machine connected	by Ethernet.


     PPPPOOOORRRRTTTT WWWWAAAATTTTCCCCHHHHEEEERRRRSSSS
	  Some systems enforce a timeout which disconnects a user
	  after	several	minutes	of keyboard inactivity.	 Long, error
	  free ZMODEM transfers	do not generate	keyboard activity
	  (this	is why ZMODEM is so efficient).	 Restricting the
	  window size with
	       sz -w16384 file...
	  option generates terminal input at regular intervals even
	  when no error	correction is needed.  If problems persist,
	  try setting a	packet length.
	       sz -l1024 file...
	  (The default ZMODEM packet length is the file	length.)

     NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS
	  SSSSzzzz,,,, ssssbbbb,,,, ssssxxxx,,,, (Reg.)and	zzzzccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd are hard links	to the
	  compiled sz program.	These links are	generated by the
	  Makefile.

	  SSSSzzzz is	now compiled with internal buffering to	allow sending
	  datasets piped to its	standard input (286 version excluded).
	       ps -ef |	sz -
	  The file is sent as "szPID" where PID	is the process ID of
	  sending sz.

	  Particular attention must be paid to flow control.  The
	  modem	and Unix must agree on the flow	control	method.	 Sz
	  does not set or reset	flow control modes (if any).  Most
	  Unix systems use XON/XOFF ("software") flow control.

	  Telebit modems must not be set to "spoof" UUCP, XMODEM,
	  YMODEM, or KERMIT.  Setting one of these spoofing modes
	  interferes with other	protocols.  Telebit's YMODEM spoofing
	  interferes with YMODEM transfers.

	  If a program that does not properly implement	the specified
	  file transfer	protocol causes	_s_b to "hang" the port after a
	  failed transfer, either wait for _s_b to time out or keyboard
	  a dozen Ctrl-X characters.  Every reported instance of this
	  problem has been corrected by	using ZCOMM, Pro-YAM, DSZ, or
	  other	program	with a correct implementation of the specified



     Page 8					     (printed 1/27/98)






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	  protocol.

	  Many programs	claiming to support YMODEM only	support	XMODEM
	  with 1k blocks, and they often don't get that	quite right.
	  XMODEM transfers add up to 127 garbage bytes per file.
	  XMODEM-1k and	YMODEM-1k transfers use	128 byte blocks	to
	  avoid	extra padding.

	  YMODEM programs use the file length transmitted at the
	  beginning of the transfer to prune the file to the correct
	  length; this may cause problems with source files that grow
	  during the course of the transfer.  This problem does	not
	  pertain to ZMODEM transfers, which preserve the exact	file
	  length unconditionally.

	  Most ZMODEM options are merely passed	to the receiving
	  program; some	programs do not	implement all of these
	  options.

	  Circular buffering and a ZMODEM sliding window should	be
	  used when input is from pipes	instead	of acknowledging
	  frames each 1024 bytes.  If no files can be opened, sssszzzz sends
	  a ZMODEM command to echo a suitable complaint; perhaps it
	  should check for the presence	of at least one	accessible
	  file before getting hot and bothered.

	  Unix Professional-YAM	provides higher	performance and	other
	  features not supported by _s_z.	Please contact Omen Technology
	  Inc for product information.

	  http://www.omen.com

	  Omen Technology INC
	  Post Office Box 4681
	  Portland OR 97208
	  503-614-0430 (Sales)


     BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
	  Some third party software packages do	not properly implement
	  the ZMODEM protocol.	This often causes problems when	users
	  attempt to use the -a	or other options.

	  On at	least one BSD system, sz would abend it	got within a
	  few kilobytes	of the end of file.
	  Using	the "-w8192" option fixed the problem.	The real cause
	  is unknown, perhaps a	bug in the kernel TTY output routines.

	  The test mode	leaves a zero length file on the receiving
	  system.





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