README.rst

tqdm

tqdm (read taqadum, تقدّم) means "progress" in arabic.

Instantly make your loops show a smart progress meter - just wrap any iterable with tqdm(iterable), and you're done!

from tqdm import tqdm
for i in tqdm(range(9)):
    ...

Here's what the output looks like:

76%|████████████████████████████         | 7568/10000 [00:33<00:10, 229.00it/s]

trange(N) can be also used as a convenient shortcut for tqdm(xrange(N)).

Screenshot using bpython

It can also be executed as a module with pipes:

$ seq 9999999 | tqdm --unit_scale | wc -l
10.0Mit [00:02, 3.58Mit/s]
9999999

Overhead is low -- about 60ns per iteration (80ns with tqdm_gui), and is unit tested against performance regression. By comparison, the well established ProgressBar has an 800ns/iter overhead.

In addition to its low overhead, tqdm uses smart algorithms to predict the remaining time and to skip unnecessary iteration displays, which allows for a negligible overhead in most cases.

tqdm works on any platform (Linux, Windows, Mac, FreeBSD, Solaris/SunOS), in any console or in a GUI, and is also friendly with IPython/Jupyter notebooks.

tqdm does not require any library (not even curses!) to run, just a vanilla Python interpreter will do and an environment supporting carriage return \r and line feed \n control characters.

---

Table of contents

• Installation
  • Latest PyPI stable release
  • Latest development release on github
• Changelog
• Usage
  • Iterable-based
  • Manual
  • Module
• Help!
• Documentation
  • Parameters
  • Extra CLI Options
  • Returns
• Examples and Advanced Usage
  • Nested progress bars
  • Hooks and callbacks
  • Pandas Integration
  • IPython/Jupyter Integration
  • Writing messages
  • Redirecting writing
• Contributions
• LICENCE
• Authors

Installation

Latest PyPI stable release

pip install tqdm

Latest development release on github

Pull and install in the current directory:

pip install -e git+https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm.git@master#egg=tqdm

Changelog

The list of all changes is available either on GitHub's Releases: or on crawlers such as allmychanges.com.

Usage

tqdm is very versatile and can be used in a number of ways. The three main ones are given below.

Iterable-based

Wrap tqdm() around any iterable:

text = ""
for char in tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"]):
    text = text + char

trange(i) is a special optimised instance of tqdm(range(i)):

for i in trange(100):
    pass

Instantiation outside of the loop allows for manual control over tqdm():

pbar = tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"])
for char in pbar:
    pbar.set_description("Processing %s" % char)

Manual

Manual control on tqdm() updates by using a with statement:

with tqdm(total=100) as pbar:
    for i in range(10):
        pbar.update(10)

If the optional variable total (or an iterable with len()) is provided, predictive stats are displayed.

with is also optional (you can just assign tqdm() to a variable, but in this case don't forget to del or close() at the end:

pbar = tqdm(total=100)
for i in range(10):
    pbar.update(10)
pbar.close()

Module

Perhaps the most wonderful use of tqdm is in a script or on the command line. Simply inserting tqdm (or python -m tqdm) between pipes will pass through all stdin to stdout while printing progress to stderr.

The example below demonstrated counting the number of lines in all python files in the current directory, with timing information included.

$ time find . -name '*.py' -exec cat \{} \; | wc -l
857365

real    0m3.458s
user    0m0.274s
sys     0m3.325s

$ time find . -name '*.py' -exec cat \{} \; | tqdm | wc -l
857366it [00:03, 246471.31it/s]
857365

real    0m3.585s
user    0m0.862s
sys     0m3.358s

Note that the usual arguments for tqdm can also be specified.

$ find . -name '*.py' -exec cat \{} \; |
    tqdm --unit loc --unit_scale --total 857366 >> /dev/null
100%|███████████████████████████████████| 857K/857K [00:04<00:00, 246Kloc/s]

Backing up a large directory?

$ 7z a -bd -r backup.7z docs/ | grep Compressing |
    tqdm --total $(find docs/ -type f | wc -l) --unit files >> backup.log
100%|███████████████████████████████▉| 8014/8014 [01:37<00:00, 82.29files/s]

Help!

The most common issues relate to excessive output on multiple lines, instead of a neat one-line progress bar.

• Consoles in general: require support for carriage return (CR, \r).

• Nested progress bars:

  • Consoles in general: require support for moving cursors up to the previous line. For example, IDLE won't work.
  • Windows: additionally may require the python module colorama.

• Wrapping enumerated iterables: use enumerate(tqdm(...)) instead of tqdm(enumerate(...)). The same applies to numpy.ndenumerate. This is because enumerate functions tend to hide the length of iterables. tqdm does not.

If you come across any other difficulties, browse/open issues here.

Documentation

(Since 19 May 2016)

class tqdm(object):
  """
  Decorate an iterable object, returning an iterator which acts exactly
  like the original iterable, but prints a dynamically updating
  progressbar every time a value is requested.
  """

  def __init__(self, iterable=None, desc=None, total=None, leave=True,
               file=sys.stderr, ncols=None, mininterval=0.1,
               maxinterval=10.0, miniters=None, ascii=None, disable=False,
               unit='it', unit_scale=False, dynamic_ncols=False,
               smoothing=0.3, bar_format=None, initial=0, position=None):

Parameters

• iterable : iterable, optional

  Iterable to decorate with a progressbar. Leave blank to manually manage the updates.

• desc : str, optional

  Prefix for the progressbar.

• total : int, optional

  The number of expected iterations. If (default: None), len(iterable) is used if possible. As a last resort, only basic progress statistics are displayed (no ETA, no progressbar). If gui is True and this parameter needs subsequent updating, specify an initial arbitrary large positive integer, e.g. int(9e9).

• leave : bool, optional

  If [default: True], keeps all traces of the progressbar upon termination of iteration.

• file : io.TextIOWrapper or io.StringIO, optional

  Specifies where to output the progress messages [default: sys.stderr]. Uses file.write(str) and file.flush() methods.

• ncols : int, optional

  The width of the entire output message. If specified, dynamically resizes the progressbar to stay within this bound. If unspecified, attempts to use environment width. The fallback is a meter width of 10 and no limit for the counter and statistics. If 0, will not print any meter (only stats).

• mininterval : float, optional

  Minimum progress update interval, in seconds [default: 0.1].

• maxinterval : float, optional

  Maximum progress update interval, in seconds [default: 10.0].

• miniters : int, optional

  Minimum progress update interval, in iterations. If specified, will set mininterval to 0.

• ascii : bool, optional

  If unspecified or False, use unicode (smooth blocks) to fill the meter. The fallback is to use ASCII characters 1-9 #.

• disable : bool, optional

  Whether to disable the entire progressbar wrapper [default: False].

• unit : str, optional

  String that will be used to define the unit of each iteration [default: it].

• unit_scale : bool, optional

  If set, the number of iterations will be reduced/scaled automatically and a metric prefix following the International System of Units standard will be added (kilo, mega, etc.) [default: False].

• dynamic_ncols : bool, optional

  If set, constantly alters ncols to the environment (allowing for window resizes) [default: False].

• smoothing : float, optional

  Exponential moving average smoothing factor for speed estimates (ignored in GUI mode). Ranges from 0 (average speed) to 1 (current/instantaneous speed) [default: 0.3].

• bar_format : str, optional

  Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact performance. If unspecified, will use '{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}', where l_bar is '{desc}{percentage:3.0f}%|' and r_bar is '| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed_str}<{remaining_str}, {rate_fmt}]' Possible vars: bar, n, n_fmt, total, total_fmt, percentage, rate, rate_fmt, elapsed, remaining, l_bar, r_bar, desc.

• initial : int, optional

  The initial counter value. Useful when restarting a progress bar [default: 0].

• position : int, optional

  Specify the line offset to print this bar (starting from 0) Automatic if unspecified. Useful to manage multiple bars at once (eg, from threads).

Extra CLI Options

• delim : chr, optional

  Delimiting character [default: 'n']. Use '0' for null. N.B.: on Windows systems, Python converts 'n' to 'rn'.

• buf_size : int, optional

  String buffer size in bytes [default: 256] used when delim is specified.

Returns

• out : decorated iterator.

  def update(self, n=1):
      """
      Manually update the progress bar, useful for streams
      such as reading files.
      E.g.:
      >>> t = tqdm(total=filesize) # Initialise
      >>> for current_buffer in stream:
      ...    ...
      ...    t.update(len(current_buffer))
      >>> t.close()
      The last line is highly recommended, but possibly not necessary if
      `t.update()` will be called in such a way that `filesize` will be
      exactly reached and printed.

      Parameters
      ----------
      n  : int
          Increment to add to the internal counter of iterations
          [default: 1].
      """

  def close(self):
      """
      Cleanup and (if leave=False) close the progressbar.
      """

  def clear(self):
      """
      Clear current bar display
      """

  def refresh(self):
      """
      Force refresh the display of this bar
      """

  def write(cls, s, file=sys.stdout, end="\n"):
      """
      Print a message via tqdm (without overlap with bars)
      """

def trange(*args, **kwargs):
    """
    A shortcut for tqdm(xrange(*args), **kwargs).
    On Python3+ range is used instead of xrange.
    """

class tqdm_gui(tqdm):
    """
    Experimental GUI version of tqdm!
    """

def tgrange(*args, **kwargs):
    """
    Experimental GUI version of trange!
    """

class tqdm_notebook(tqdm):
    """
    Experimental IPython/Jupyter Notebook widget using tqdm!
    """

def tnrange(*args, **kwargs):
    """
    Experimental IPython/Jupyter Notebook widget using tqdm!
    """

Examples and Advanced Usage

• See the examples folder;
• import the module and run help(), or

• consult the wiki.

  • this has an excellent article on how to make a great progressbar.

Nested progress bars

tqdm supports nested progress bars. Here's an example:

from tqdm import trange
from time import sleep

for i in trange(10, desc='1st loop'):
    for j in trange(5, desc='2nd loop', leave=False):
        for k in trange(100, desc='3nd loop'):
            sleep(0.01)

On Windows colorama will be used if available to produce a beautiful nested display.

For manual control over positioning (e.g. for multi-threaded use), you may specify position=n where n=0 for the outermost bar, n=1 for the next, and so on.

Hooks and callbacks

tqdm can easily support callbacks/hooks and manual updates. Here's an example with urllib:

urllib.urlretrieve documentation

[...]

If present, the hook function will be called once

on establishment of the network connection and once after each block read

thereafter. The hook will be passed three arguments; a count of blocks

transferred so far, a block size in bytes, and the total size of the file.

[...]

import urllib
from tqdm import tqdm

def my_hook(t):
  """
  Wraps tqdm instance. Don't forget to close() or __exit__()
  the tqdm instance once you're done with it (easiest using `with` syntax).

  Example
  -------

  >>> with tqdm(...) as t:
  ...     reporthook = my_hook(t)
  ...     urllib.urlretrieve(..., reporthook=reporthook)

  """
  last_b = [0]

  def inner(b=1, bsize=1, tsize=None):
    """
    b  : int, optional
        Number of blocks just transferred [default: 1].
    bsize  : int, optional
        Size of each block (in tqdm units) [default: 1].
    tsize  : int, optional
        Total size (in tqdm units). If [default: None] remains unchanged.
    """
    if tsize is not None:
        t.total = tsize
    t.update((b - last_b[0]) * bsize)
    last_b[0] = b
  return inner

eg_link = 'http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~cod11/matryoshka.zip'
with tqdm(unit='B', unit_scale=True, miniters=1,
          desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1]) as t:  # all optional kwargs
    urllib.urlretrieve(eg_link, filename='/dev/null',
                       reporthook=my_hook(t), data=None)

It is recommend to use miniters=1 whenever there is potentially large differences in iteration speed (e.g. downloading a file over a patchy connection).

Pandas Integration

Due to popular demand we've added support for pandas -- here's an example for DataFrame.progress_apply and DataFrameGroupBy.progress_apply:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 100, (100000, 6)))

# Register `pandas.progress_apply` and `pandas.Series.map_apply` with `tqdm`
# (can use `tqdm_gui`, `tqdm_notebook`, optional kwargs, etc.)
tqdm.pandas(desc="my bar!")

# Now you can use `progress_apply` instead of `apply`
# and `progress_map` instead of `map`
df.progress_apply(lambda x: x**2)
# can also groupby:
# df.groupby(0).progress_apply(lambda x: x**2)

In case you're interested in how this works (and how to modify it for your own callbacks), see the examples folder or import the module and run help().

IPython/Jupyter Integration

IPython/Jupyter is supported via the tqdm_notebook submodule:

from tqdm import tnrange, tqdm_notebook
from time import sleep

for i in tnrange(10, desc='1st loop'):
    for j in tqdm_notebook(xrange(100), desc='2nd loop'):
        sleep(0.01)

In addition to tqdm features, the submodule provides a native Jupyter widget (compatible with IPython v1-v4 and Jupyter), fully working nested bars and color hints (blue: normal, green: completed, red: error/interrupt, light blue: no ETA); as demonstrated below.

Writing messages

Since tqdm uses a simple printing mechanism to display progress bars, you should not write any message in the terminal using print().

To write messages in the terminal without any collision with tqdm bar display, a .write() method is provided:

from tqdm import tqdm, trange
from time import sleep

bar = trange(10)
for i in bar:
    # Print using tqdm class method .write()
    sleep(0.1)
    if not (i % 3):
        tqdm.write("Done task %i" % i)
    # Can also use bar.write()

By default, this will print to standard output sys.stdout. but you can specify any file-like object using the file argument. For example, this can be used to redirect the messages writing to a log file or class.

Redirecting writing

If using a library that can print messages to the console, editing the library by replacing print() with tqdm.write() may not be desirable. In that case, redirecting sys.stdout to tqdm.write() is an option.

To redirect sys.stdout, create a file-like class that will write any input string to tqdm.write(), and supply the arguments file=sys.stdout, dynamic_ncols=True.

A reusable canonical example is given below:

from time import sleep

import contextlib
import sys

from tqdm import tqdm

class DummyTqdmFile(object):
    """Dummy file-like that will write to tqdm"""
    file = None
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.file = file

    def write(self, x):
        # Avoid print() second call (useless \n)
        if len(x.rstrip()) > 0:
            tqdm.write(x, file=self.file)

@contextlib.contextmanager
def stdout_redirect_to_tqdm():
    save_stdout = sys.stdout
    try:
        sys.stdout = DummyTqdmFile(sys.stdout)
        yield save_stdout
    # Relay exceptions
    except Exception as exc:
        raise exc
    # Always restore sys.stdout if necessary
    finally:
        sys.stdout = save_stdout

def blabla():
    print("Foo blabla")

# Redirect stdout to tqdm.write() (don't forget the `as save_stdout`)
with stdout_redirect_to_tqdm() as save_stdout:
    # tqdm call need to specify sys.stdout, not sys.stderr (default)
    # and dynamic_ncols=True to autodetect console width
    for _ in tqdm(range(3), file=save_stdout, dynamic_ncols=True):
        blabla()
        sleep(.5)

# After the `with`, printing is restored
print('Done!')

Contributions

All source code is hosted on GitHub. Contributions are welcome.

See the CONTRIBUTE file for more information.

LICENCE

Open Source (OSI approved):

Citation information:

Authors

Ranked by contributions.

• Casper da Costa-Luis (casperdcl)
• Stephen Larroque (lrq3000)
• Hadrien Mary (hadim)
• Noam Yorav-Raphael (noamraph)*
• Ivan Ivanov (obiwanus)
• Mikhail Korobov (kmike)

* Original author

(Since 19 May 2016)