diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.txt
index b102b436563e..e6fde1c3b019 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.txt
@@ -145,10 +145,12 @@ extent_cache           Enable an extent cache based on rb-tree, it can cache
                        as many as extent which map between contiguous logical
                        address and physical address per inode, resulting in
                        increasing the cache hit ratio. Set by default.
-noextent_cache         Diable an extent cache based on rb-tree explicitly, see
+noextent_cache         Disable an extent cache based on rb-tree explicitly, see
                        the above extent_cache mount option.
 noinline_data          Disable the inline data feature, inline data feature is
                        enabled by default.
+data_flush             Enable data flushing before checkpoint in order to
+                       persist data of regular and symlink.
 
 ================================================================================
 DEBUGFS ENTRIES
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c b/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
index 463a67cc6cdb..36b0d044919e 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_meta_page(struct page *page,
 	dec_page_count(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META);
 	unlock_page(page);
 
-	if (wbc->for_reclaim)
+	if (wbc->for_reclaim || unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
 		f2fs_submit_merged_bio(sbi, META, WRITE);
 	return 0;
 
@@ -411,13 +411,13 @@ static void __remove_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
 	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
 }
 
-void add_dirty_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
+void add_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
 {
 	/* add new dirty ino entry into list */
 	__add_ino_entry(sbi, ino, type);
 }
 
-void remove_dirty_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
+void remove_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
 {
 	/* remove dirty ino entry from list */
 	__remove_ino_entry(sbi, ino, type);
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ bool exist_written_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int mode)
 	return e ? true : false;
 }
 
-void release_dirty_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+void release_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
 	struct ino_entry *e, *tmp;
 	int i;
@@ -723,47 +723,48 @@ int get_valid_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
-static int __add_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, struct inode_entry *new)
+static void __add_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, enum inode_type type)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi = F2FS_I(inode);
+	int flag = (type == DIR_INODE) ? FI_DIRTY_DIR : FI_DIRTY_FILE;
 
-	if (is_inode_flag_set(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DIRTY_DIR))
-		return -EEXIST;
+	if (is_inode_flag_set(fi, flag))
+		return;
 
-	set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DIRTY_DIR);
-	F2FS_I(inode)->dirty_dir = new;
-	list_add_tail(&new->list, &sbi->dir_inode_list);
-	stat_inc_dirty_dir(sbi);
-	return 0;
+	set_inode_flag(fi, flag);
+	list_add_tail(&fi->dirty_list, &sbi->inode_list[type]);
+	stat_inc_dirty_inode(sbi, type);
+}
+
+static void __remove_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, enum inode_type type)
+{
+	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi = F2FS_I(inode);
+	int flag = (type == DIR_INODE) ? FI_DIRTY_DIR : FI_DIRTY_FILE;
+
+	if (get_dirty_pages(inode) ||
+			!is_inode_flag_set(F2FS_I(inode), flag))
+		return;
+
+	list_del_init(&fi->dirty_list);
+	clear_inode_flag(fi, flag);
+	stat_dec_dirty_inode(F2FS_I_SB(inode), type);
 }
 
 void update_dirty_page(struct inode *inode, struct page *page)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
-	struct inode_entry *new;
-	int ret = 0;
+	enum inode_type type = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ? DIR_INODE : FILE_INODE;
 
 	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) &&
 			!S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
 		return;
 
-	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
-		inode_inc_dirty_pages(inode);
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	new = f2fs_kmem_cache_alloc(inode_entry_slab, GFP_NOFS);
-	new->inode = inode;
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new->list);
-
-	spin_lock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
-	ret = __add_dirty_inode(inode, new);
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+	__add_dirty_inode(inode, type);
 	inode_inc_dirty_pages(inode);
-	spin_unlock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
 
-	if (ret)
-		kmem_cache_free(inode_entry_slab, new);
-out:
 	SetPagePrivate(page);
 	f2fs_trace_pid(page);
 }
@@ -771,70 +772,60 @@ void update_dirty_page(struct inode *inode, struct page *page)
 void add_dirty_dir_inode(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
-	struct inode_entry *new =
-			f2fs_kmem_cache_alloc(inode_entry_slab, GFP_NOFS);
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	new->inode = inode;
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new->list);
 
-	spin_lock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
-	ret = __add_dirty_inode(inode, new);
-	spin_unlock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
-
-	if (ret)
-		kmem_cache_free(inode_entry_slab, new);
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[DIR_INODE]);
+	__add_dirty_inode(inode, DIR_INODE);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[DIR_INODE]);
 }
 
-void remove_dirty_dir_inode(struct inode *inode)
+void remove_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
-	struct inode_entry *entry;
-
-	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
-		return;
+	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi = F2FS_I(inode);
+	enum inode_type type = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ? DIR_INODE : FILE_INODE;
 
-	spin_lock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
-	if (get_dirty_pages(inode) ||
-			!is_inode_flag_set(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DIRTY_DIR)) {
-		spin_unlock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
+	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) &&
+			!S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
 		return;
-	}
 
-	entry = F2FS_I(inode)->dirty_dir;
-	list_del(&entry->list);
-	F2FS_I(inode)->dirty_dir = NULL;
-	clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DIRTY_DIR);
-	stat_dec_dirty_dir(sbi);
-	spin_unlock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
-	kmem_cache_free(inode_entry_slab, entry);
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+	__remove_dirty_inode(inode, type);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
 
 	/* Only from the recovery routine */
-	if (is_inode_flag_set(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DELAY_IPUT)) {
-		clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DELAY_IPUT);
+	if (is_inode_flag_set(fi, FI_DELAY_IPUT)) {
+		clear_inode_flag(fi, FI_DELAY_IPUT);
 		iput(inode);
 	}
 }
 
-void sync_dirty_dir_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+int sync_dirty_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum inode_type type)
 {
 	struct list_head *head;
-	struct inode_entry *entry;
 	struct inode *inode;
+	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi;
+	bool is_dir = (type == DIR_INODE);
+
+	trace_f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_enter(sbi->sb, is_dir,
+				get_pages(sbi, is_dir ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
 retry:
 	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
-		return;
+		return -EIO;
 
-	spin_lock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
 
-	head = &sbi->dir_inode_list;
+	head = &sbi->inode_list[type];
 	if (list_empty(head)) {
-		spin_unlock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
-		return;
+		spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+		trace_f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_exit(sbi->sb, is_dir,
+				get_pages(sbi, is_dir ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
+		return 0;
 	}
-	entry = list_entry(head->next, struct inode_entry, list);
-	inode = igrab(entry->inode);
-	spin_unlock(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
+	fi = list_entry(head->next, struct f2fs_inode_info, dirty_list);
+	inode = igrab(&fi->vfs_inode);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
 	if (inode) {
 		filemap_fdatawrite(inode->i_mapping);
 		iput(inode);
@@ -869,11 +860,9 @@ static int block_operations(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	/* write all the dirty dentry pages */
 	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS)) {
 		f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
-		sync_dirty_dir_inodes(sbi);
-		if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
-			err = -EIO;
+		err = sync_dirty_inodes(sbi, DIR_INODE);
+		if (err)
 			goto out;
-		}
 		goto retry_flush_dents;
 	}
 
@@ -886,10 +875,9 @@ static int block_operations(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 
 	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES)) {
 		up_write(&sbi->node_write);
-		sync_node_pages(sbi, 0, &wbc);
-		if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		err = sync_node_pages(sbi, 0, &wbc);
+		if (err) {
 			f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
-			err = -EIO;
 			goto out;
 		}
 		goto retry_flush_nodes;
@@ -920,7 +908,7 @@ static void wait_on_all_pages_writeback(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	finish_wait(&sbi->cp_wait, &wait);
 }
 
-static void do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
+static int do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 {
 	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
 	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_WARM_NODE);
@@ -946,7 +934,7 @@ static void do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 	while (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META)) {
 		sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, LONG_MAX);
 		if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
-			return;
+			return -EIO;
 	}
 
 	next_free_nid(sbi, &last_nid);
@@ -1031,7 +1019,7 @@ static void do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 	/* need to wait for end_io results */
 	wait_on_all_pages_writeback(sbi);
 	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
-		return;
+		return -EIO;
 
 	/* write out checkpoint buffer at block 0 */
 	update_meta_page(sbi, ckpt, start_blk++);
@@ -1059,7 +1047,7 @@ static void do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 	wait_on_all_pages_writeback(sbi);
 
 	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
-		return;
+		return -EIO;
 
 	filemap_fdatawait_range(NODE_MAPPING(sbi), 0, LONG_MAX);
 	filemap_fdatawait_range(META_MAPPING(sbi), 0, LONG_MAX);
@@ -1082,22 +1070,25 @@ static void do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 		invalidate_mapping_pages(META_MAPPING(sbi), discard_blk,
 								discard_blk);
 
-	release_dirty_inode(sbi);
+	release_ino_entry(sbi);
 
 	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
-		return;
+		return -EIO;
 
 	clear_prefree_segments(sbi, cpc);
 	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_IS_DIRTY);
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
  * We guarantee that this checkpoint procedure will not fail.
  */
-void write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
+int write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 {
 	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
 	unsigned long long ckpt_ver;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	mutex_lock(&sbi->cp_mutex);
 
@@ -1105,14 +1096,19 @@ void write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 		(cpc->reason == CP_FASTBOOT || cpc->reason == CP_SYNC ||
 		(cpc->reason == CP_DISCARD && !sbi->discard_blks)))
 		goto out;
-	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		err = -EIO;
 		goto out;
-	if (f2fs_readonly(sbi->sb))
+	}
+	if (f2fs_readonly(sbi->sb)) {
+		err = -EROFS;
 		goto out;
+	}
 
 	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, "start block_ops");
 
-	if (block_operations(sbi))
+	err = block_operations(sbi);
+	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
 	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, "finish block_ops");
@@ -1134,7 +1130,7 @@ void write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 	flush_sit_entries(sbi, cpc);
 
 	/* unlock all the fs_lock[] in do_checkpoint() */
-	do_checkpoint(sbi, cpc);
+	err = do_checkpoint(sbi, cpc);
 
 	unblock_operations(sbi);
 	stat_inc_cp_count(sbi->stat_info);
@@ -1144,10 +1140,11 @@ void write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 			"checkpoint: version = %llx", ckpt_ver);
 
 	/* do checkpoint periodically */
-	sbi->cp_expires = round_jiffies_up(jiffies + HZ * sbi->cp_interval);
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, CP_TIME);
+	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, "finish checkpoint");
 out:
 	mutex_unlock(&sbi->cp_mutex);
-	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, "finish checkpoint");
+	return err;
 }
 
 void init_ino_entry_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/data.c b/fs/f2fs/data.c
index 890e7363f8fa..eb662066d62e 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/data.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/data.c
@@ -226,7 +226,8 @@ void set_data_blkaddr(struct dnode_of_data *dn)
 	/* Get physical address of data block */
 	addr_array = blkaddr_in_node(rn);
 	addr_array[ofs_in_node] = cpu_to_le32(dn->data_blkaddr);
-	set_page_dirty(node_page);
+	if (set_page_dirty(node_page))
+		dn->node_changed = true;
 }
 
 int reserve_new_block(struct dnode_of_data *dn)
@@ -413,7 +414,7 @@ struct page *get_new_data_page(struct inode *inode,
 	struct page *page;
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
 	int err;
-repeat:
+
 	page = f2fs_grab_cache_page(mapping, index, true);
 	if (!page) {
 		/*
@@ -442,12 +443,11 @@ struct page *get_new_data_page(struct inode *inode,
 	} else {
 		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
 
-		page = get_read_data_page(inode, index, READ_SYNC, true);
+		/* if ipage exists, blkaddr should be NEW_ADDR */
+		f2fs_bug_on(F2FS_I_SB(inode), ipage);
+		page = get_lock_data_page(inode, index, true);
 		if (IS_ERR(page))
-			goto repeat;
-
-		/* wait for read completion */
-		lock_page(page);
+			return page;
 	}
 got_it:
 	if (new_i_size && i_size_read(inode) <
@@ -495,14 +495,10 @@ static int __allocate_data_block(struct dnode_of_data *dn)
 	if (i_size_read(dn->inode) < ((loff_t)(fofs + 1) << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT))
 		i_size_write(dn->inode,
 				((loff_t)(fofs + 1) << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT));
-
-	/* direct IO doesn't use extent cache to maximize the performance */
-	f2fs_drop_largest_extent(dn->inode, fofs);
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void __allocate_data_blocks(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
+static int __allocate_data_blocks(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
 							size_t count)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
@@ -511,14 +507,15 @@ static void __allocate_data_blocks(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
 	u64 len = F2FS_BYTES_TO_BLK(count);
 	bool allocated;
 	u64 end_offset;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	while (len) {
-		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
 		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 
 		/* When reading holes, we need its node page */
 		set_new_dnode(&dn, inode, NULL, NULL, 0);
-		if (get_dnode_of_data(&dn, start, ALLOC_NODE))
+		err = get_dnode_of_data(&dn, start, ALLOC_NODE);
+		if (err)
 			goto out;
 
 		allocated = false;
@@ -527,12 +524,15 @@ static void __allocate_data_blocks(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
 		while (dn.ofs_in_node < end_offset && len) {
 			block_t blkaddr;
 
-			if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+			if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+				err = -EIO;
 				goto sync_out;
+			}
 
 			blkaddr = datablock_addr(dn.node_page, dn.ofs_in_node);
 			if (blkaddr == NULL_ADDR || blkaddr == NEW_ADDR) {
-				if (__allocate_data_block(&dn))
+				err = __allocate_data_block(&dn);
+				if (err)
 					goto sync_out;
 				allocated = true;
 			}
@@ -546,8 +546,10 @@ static void __allocate_data_blocks(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
 
 		f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+
+		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, dn.node_changed);
 	}
-	return;
+	return err;
 
 sync_out:
 	if (allocated)
@@ -555,7 +557,8 @@ static void __allocate_data_blocks(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 out:
 	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
-	return;
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, dn.node_changed);
+	return err;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -567,7 +570,7 @@ static void __allocate_data_blocks(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
  *     b. do not use extent cache for better performance
  *     c. give the block addresses to blockdev
  */
-static int f2fs_map_blocks(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_map_blocks *map,
+int f2fs_map_blocks(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_map_blocks *map,
 						int create, int flag)
 {
 	unsigned int maxblocks = map->m_len;
@@ -578,6 +581,7 @@ static int f2fs_map_blocks(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_map_blocks *map,
 	int err = 0, ofs = 1;
 	struct extent_info ei;
 	bool allocated = false;
+	block_t blkaddr;
 
 	map->m_len = 0;
 	map->m_flags = 0;
@@ -593,7 +597,7 @@ static int f2fs_map_blocks(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_map_blocks *map,
 	}
 
 	if (create)
-		f2fs_lock_op(F2FS_I_SB(inode));
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 
 	/* When reading holes, we need its node page */
 	set_new_dnode(&dn, inode, NULL, NULL, 0);
@@ -641,12 +645,21 @@ static int f2fs_map_blocks(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_map_blocks *map,
 	pgofs++;
 
 get_next:
+	if (map->m_len >= maxblocks)
+		goto sync_out;
+
 	if (dn.ofs_in_node >= end_offset) {
 		if (allocated)
 			sync_inode_page(&dn);
 		allocated = false;
 		f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 
+		if (create) {
+			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+			f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, dn.node_changed);
+			f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		}
+
 		set_new_dnode(&dn, inode, NULL, NULL, 0);
 		err = get_dnode_of_data(&dn, pgofs, mode);
 		if (err) {
@@ -658,52 +671,53 @@ static int f2fs_map_blocks(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_map_blocks *map,
 		end_offset = ADDRS_PER_PAGE(dn.node_page, F2FS_I(inode));
 	}
 
-	if (maxblocks > map->m_len) {
-		block_t blkaddr = datablock_addr(dn.node_page, dn.ofs_in_node);
+	blkaddr = datablock_addr(dn.node_page, dn.ofs_in_node);
 
-		if (blkaddr == NEW_ADDR || blkaddr == NULL_ADDR) {
-			if (create) {
-				if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
-					err = -EIO;
-					goto sync_out;
-				}
-				err = __allocate_data_block(&dn);
-				if (err)
-					goto sync_out;
-				allocated = true;
-				map->m_flags |= F2FS_MAP_NEW;
-				blkaddr = dn.data_blkaddr;
-			} else {
-				/*
-				 * we only merge preallocated unwritten blocks
-				 * for fiemap.
-				 */
-				if (flag != F2FS_GET_BLOCK_FIEMAP ||
-						blkaddr != NEW_ADDR)
-					goto sync_out;
+	if (blkaddr == NEW_ADDR || blkaddr == NULL_ADDR) {
+		if (create) {
+			if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+				err = -EIO;
+				goto sync_out;
 			}
+			err = __allocate_data_block(&dn);
+			if (err)
+				goto sync_out;
+			allocated = true;
+			map->m_flags |= F2FS_MAP_NEW;
+			blkaddr = dn.data_blkaddr;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * we only merge preallocated unwritten blocks
+			 * for fiemap.
+			 */
+			if (flag != F2FS_GET_BLOCK_FIEMAP ||
+					blkaddr != NEW_ADDR)
+				goto sync_out;
 		}
+	}
 
-		/* Give more consecutive addresses for the readahead */
-		if ((map->m_pblk != NEW_ADDR &&
-				blkaddr == (map->m_pblk + ofs)) ||
-				(map->m_pblk == NEW_ADDR &&
-				blkaddr == NEW_ADDR)) {
-			ofs++;
-			dn.ofs_in_node++;
-			pgofs++;
-			map->m_len++;
-			goto get_next;
-		}
+	/* Give more consecutive addresses for the readahead */
+	if ((map->m_pblk != NEW_ADDR &&
+			blkaddr == (map->m_pblk + ofs)) ||
+			(map->m_pblk == NEW_ADDR &&
+			blkaddr == NEW_ADDR)) {
+		ofs++;
+		dn.ofs_in_node++;
+		pgofs++;
+		map->m_len++;
+		goto get_next;
 	}
+
 sync_out:
 	if (allocated)
 		sync_inode_page(&dn);
 put_out:
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 unlock_out:
-	if (create)
-		f2fs_unlock_op(F2FS_I_SB(inode));
+	if (create) {
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, dn.node_changed);
+	}
 out:
 	trace_f2fs_map_blocks(inode, map, err);
 	return err;
@@ -743,6 +757,10 @@ static int get_data_block_dio(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock,
 static int get_data_block_bmap(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock,
 			struct buffer_head *bh_result, int create)
 {
+	/* Block number less than F2FS MAX BLOCKS */
+	if (unlikely(iblock >= F2FS_I_SB(inode)->max_file_blocks))
+		return -EFBIG;
+
 	return __get_data_block(inode, iblock, bh_result, create,
 						F2FS_GET_BLOCK_BMAP);
 }
@@ -762,10 +780,9 @@ int f2fs_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
 {
 	struct buffer_head map_bh;
 	sector_t start_blk, last_blk;
-	loff_t isize = i_size_read(inode);
+	loff_t isize;
 	u64 logical = 0, phys = 0, size = 0;
 	u32 flags = 0;
-	bool past_eof = false, whole_file = false;
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	ret = fiemap_check_flags(fieinfo, FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC);
@@ -780,16 +797,19 @@ int f2fs_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
 
 	mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
 
-	if (len >= isize) {
-		whole_file = true;
-		len = isize;
-	}
+	isize = i_size_read(inode);
+	if (start >= isize)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (start + len > isize)
+		len = isize - start;
 
 	if (logical_to_blk(inode, len) == 0)
 		len = blk_to_logical(inode, 1);
 
 	start_blk = logical_to_blk(inode, start);
 	last_blk = logical_to_blk(inode, start + len - 1);
+
 next:
 	memset(&map_bh, 0, sizeof(struct buffer_head));
 	map_bh.b_size = len;
@@ -801,59 +821,37 @@ int f2fs_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
 
 	/* HOLE */
 	if (!buffer_mapped(&map_bh)) {
-		start_blk++;
-
-		if (!past_eof && blk_to_logical(inode, start_blk) >= isize)
-			past_eof = 1;
-
-		if (past_eof && size) {
-			flags |= FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST;
-			ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(fieinfo, logical,
-					phys, size, flags);
-		} else if (size) {
-			ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(fieinfo, logical,
-					phys, size, flags);
-			size = 0;
-		}
+		/* Go through holes util pass the EOF */
+		if (blk_to_logical(inode, start_blk++) < isize)
+			goto prep_next;
+		/* Found a hole beyond isize means no more extents.
+		 * Note that the premise is that filesystems don't
+		 * punch holes beyond isize and keep size unchanged.
+		 */
+		flags |= FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST;
+	}
 
-		/* if we have holes up to/past EOF then we're done */
-		if (start_blk > last_blk || past_eof || ret)
-			goto out;
-	} else {
-		if (start_blk > last_blk && !whole_file) {
-			ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(fieinfo, logical,
-					phys, size, flags);
-			goto out;
-		}
+	if (size) {
+		if (f2fs_encrypted_inode(inode))
+			flags |= FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_ENCRYPTED;
 
-		/*
-		 * if size != 0 then we know we already have an extent
-		 * to add, so add it.
-		 */
-		if (size) {
-			ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(fieinfo, logical,
-					phys, size, flags);
-			if (ret)
-				goto out;
-		}
+		ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(fieinfo, logical,
+				phys, size, flags);
+	}
 
-		logical = blk_to_logical(inode, start_blk);
-		phys = blk_to_logical(inode, map_bh.b_blocknr);
-		size = map_bh.b_size;
-		flags = 0;
-		if (buffer_unwritten(&map_bh))
-			flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN;
+	if (start_blk > last_blk || ret)
+		goto out;
 
-		start_blk += logical_to_blk(inode, size);
+	logical = blk_to_logical(inode, start_blk);
+	phys = blk_to_logical(inode, map_bh.b_blocknr);
+	size = map_bh.b_size;
+	flags = 0;
+	if (buffer_unwritten(&map_bh))
+		flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN;
 
-		/*
-		 * If we are past the EOF, then we need to make sure as
-		 * soon as we find a hole that the last extent we found
-		 * is marked with FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST
-		 */
-		if (!past_eof && logical + size >= isize)
-			past_eof = true;
-	}
+	start_blk += logical_to_blk(inode, size);
+
+prep_next:
 	cond_resched();
 	if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
 		ret = -EINTR;
@@ -1084,6 +1082,7 @@ int do_write_data_page(struct f2fs_io_info *fio)
 	 */
 	if (unlikely(fio->blk_addr != NEW_ADDR &&
 			!is_cold_data(page) &&
+			!IS_ATOMIC_WRITTEN_PAGE(page) &&
 			need_inplace_update(inode))) {
 		rewrite_data_page(fio);
 		set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_UPDATE_WRITE);
@@ -1180,10 +1179,11 @@ static int f2fs_write_data_page(struct page *page,
 	if (err)
 		ClearPageUptodate(page);
 	unlock_page(page);
-	if (need_balance_fs)
-		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-	if (wbc->for_reclaim)
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, need_balance_fs);
+	if (wbc->for_reclaim || unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
 		f2fs_submit_merged_bio(sbi, DATA, WRITE);
+		remove_dirty_inode(inode);
+	}
 	return 0;
 
 redirty_out:
@@ -1355,6 +1355,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_data_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 			available_free_memory(sbi, DIRTY_DENTS))
 		goto skip_write;
 
+	/* skip writing during file defragment */
+	if (is_inode_flag_set(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DO_DEFRAG))
+		goto skip_write;
+
 	/* during POR, we don't need to trigger writepage at all. */
 	if (unlikely(is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_POR_DOING)))
 		goto skip_write;
@@ -1370,7 +1374,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_data_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 	if (locked)
 		mutex_unlock(&sbi->writepages);
 
-	remove_dirty_dir_inode(inode);
+	remove_dirty_inode(inode);
 
 	wbc->nr_to_write = max((long)0, wbc->nr_to_write - diff);
 	return ret;
@@ -1383,13 +1387,85 @@ static int f2fs_write_data_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 static void f2fs_write_failed(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t to)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
 
-	if (to > inode->i_size) {
-		truncate_pagecache(inode, 0, inode->i_size);
-		truncate_blocks(inode, inode->i_size, true);
+	if (to > i_size) {
+		truncate_pagecache(inode, 0, i_size);
+		truncate_blocks(inode, i_size, true);
 	}
 }
 
+static int prepare_write_begin(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			struct page *page, loff_t pos, unsigned len,
+			block_t *blk_addr, bool *node_changed)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	pgoff_t index = page->index;
+	struct dnode_of_data dn;
+	struct page *ipage;
+	bool locked = false;
+	struct extent_info ei;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode) ||
+			(pos & PAGE_CACHE_MASK) >= i_size_read(inode)) {
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		locked = true;
+	}
+restart:
+	/* check inline_data */
+	ipage = get_node_page(sbi, inode->i_ino);
+	if (IS_ERR(ipage)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(ipage);
+		goto unlock_out;
+	}
+
+	set_new_dnode(&dn, inode, ipage, ipage, 0);
+
+	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
+		if (pos + len <= MAX_INLINE_DATA) {
+			read_inline_data(page, ipage);
+			set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DATA_EXIST);
+			sync_inode_page(&dn);
+		} else {
+			err = f2fs_convert_inline_page(&dn, page);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			if (dn.data_blkaddr == NULL_ADDR)
+				err = f2fs_get_block(&dn, index);
+		}
+	} else if (locked) {
+		err = f2fs_get_block(&dn, index);
+	} else {
+		if (f2fs_lookup_extent_cache(inode, index, &ei)) {
+			dn.data_blkaddr = ei.blk + index - ei.fofs;
+		} else {
+			bool restart = false;
+
+			/* hole case */
+			err = get_dnode_of_data(&dn, index, LOOKUP_NODE);
+			if (err || (!err && dn.data_blkaddr == NULL_ADDR))
+				restart = true;
+			if (restart) {
+				f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
+				f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+				locked = true;
+				goto restart;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* convert_inline_page can make node_changed */
+	*blk_addr = dn.data_blkaddr;
+	*node_changed = dn.node_changed;
+out:
+	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
+unlock_out:
+	if (locked)
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	return err;
+}
+
 static int f2fs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
 		loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags,
 		struct page **pagep, void **fsdata)
@@ -1397,15 +1473,13 @@ static int f2fs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
 	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct page *page = NULL;
-	struct page *ipage;
 	pgoff_t index = ((unsigned long long) pos) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
-	struct dnode_of_data dn;
+	bool need_balance = false;
+	block_t blkaddr = NULL_ADDR;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	trace_f2fs_write_begin(inode, pos, len, flags);
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
 	/*
 	 * We should check this at this moment to avoid deadlock on inode page
 	 * and #0 page. The locking rule for inline_data conversion should be:
@@ -1425,41 +1499,27 @@ static int f2fs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
 
 	*pagep = page;
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
-
-	/* check inline_data */
-	ipage = get_node_page(sbi, inode->i_ino);
-	if (IS_ERR(ipage)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(ipage);
-		goto unlock_fail;
-	}
-
-	set_new_dnode(&dn, inode, ipage, ipage, 0);
+	err = prepare_write_begin(sbi, page, pos, len,
+					&blkaddr, &need_balance);
+	if (err)
+		goto fail;
 
-	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
-		if (pos + len <= MAX_INLINE_DATA) {
-			read_inline_data(page, ipage);
-			set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DATA_EXIST);
-			sync_inode_page(&dn);
-			goto put_next;
+	if (need_balance && has_not_enough_free_secs(sbi, 0)) {
+		unlock_page(page);
+		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+		lock_page(page);
+		if (page->mapping != mapping) {
+			/* The page got truncated from under us */
+			f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+			goto repeat;
 		}
-		err = f2fs_convert_inline_page(&dn, page);
-		if (err)
-			goto put_fail;
 	}
 
-	err = f2fs_get_block(&dn, index);
-	if (err)
-		goto put_fail;
-put_next:
-	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
-
 	f2fs_wait_on_page_writeback(page, DATA);
 
 	/* wait for GCed encrypted page writeback */
 	if (f2fs_encrypted_inode(inode) && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
-		f2fs_wait_on_encrypted_page_writeback(sbi, dn.data_blkaddr);
+		f2fs_wait_on_encrypted_page_writeback(sbi, blkaddr);
 
 	if (len == PAGE_CACHE_SIZE)
 		goto out_update;
@@ -1475,14 +1535,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
 		goto out_update;
 	}
 
-	if (dn.data_blkaddr == NEW_ADDR) {
+	if (blkaddr == NEW_ADDR) {
 		zero_user_segment(page, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
 	} else {
 		struct f2fs_io_info fio = {
 			.sbi = sbi,
 			.type = DATA,
 			.rw = READ_SYNC,
-			.blk_addr = dn.data_blkaddr,
+			.blk_addr = blkaddr,
 			.page = page,
 			.encrypted_page = NULL,
 		};
@@ -1513,10 +1573,6 @@ static int f2fs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
 	clear_cold_data(page);
 	return 0;
 
-put_fail:
-	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
-unlock_fail:
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
 fail:
 	f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
 	f2fs_write_failed(mapping, pos + len);
@@ -1541,6 +1597,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_end(struct file *file,
 	}
 
 	f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+	f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(inode), REQ_TIME);
 	return copied;
 }
 
@@ -1595,11 +1652,9 @@ static ssize_t f2fs_direct_IO(int rw, struct kiocb *iocb,
 	int err;
 
 	/* we don't need to use inline_data strictly */
-	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
-		err = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
-	}
+	err = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
 
 	if (f2fs_encrypted_inode(inode) && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
 		return 0;
@@ -1611,11 +1666,9 @@ static ssize_t f2fs_direct_IO(int rw, struct kiocb *iocb,
 	trace_f2fs_direct_IO_enter(inode, offset, count, rw);
 
 	if (rw & WRITE) {
-		__allocate_data_blocks(inode, offset, count);
-		if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(F2FS_I_SB(inode)))) {
-			err = -EIO;
+		err = __allocate_data_blocks(inode, offset, count);
+		if (err)
 			goto out;
-		}
 	}
 
 	err = blockdev_direct_IO(rw, iocb, inode, iov, offset, nr_segs,
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/debug.c b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
index 478e5d54154f..48f2ae9452ef 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/debug.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
@@ -38,12 +38,15 @@ static void update_general_status(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	si->hit_rbtree = atomic64_read(&sbi->read_hit_rbtree);
 	si->hit_total = si->hit_largest + si->hit_cached + si->hit_rbtree;
 	si->total_ext = atomic64_read(&sbi->total_hit_ext);
-	si->ext_tree = sbi->total_ext_tree;
+	si->ext_tree = atomic_read(&sbi->total_ext_tree);
+	si->zombie_tree = atomic_read(&sbi->total_zombie_tree);
 	si->ext_node = atomic_read(&sbi->total_ext_node);
 	si->ndirty_node = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES);
 	si->ndirty_dent = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS);
-	si->ndirty_dirs = sbi->n_dirty_dirs;
 	si->ndirty_meta = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+	si->ndirty_data = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA);
+	si->ndirty_dirs = sbi->ndirty_inode[DIR_INODE];
+	si->ndirty_files = sbi->ndirty_inode[FILE_INODE];
 	si->inmem_pages = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_INMEM_PAGES);
 	si->wb_pages = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_WRITEBACK);
 	si->total_count = (int)sbi->user_block_count / sbi->blocks_per_seg;
@@ -105,7 +108,7 @@ static void update_sit_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 
 	bimodal = 0;
 	total_vblocks = 0;
-	blks_per_sec = sbi->segs_per_sec * (1 << sbi->log_blocks_per_seg);
+	blks_per_sec = sbi->segs_per_sec * sbi->blocks_per_seg;
 	hblks_per_sec = blks_per_sec / 2;
 	for (segno = 0; segno < MAIN_SEGS(sbi); segno += sbi->segs_per_sec) {
 		vblocks = get_valid_blocks(sbi, segno, sbi->segs_per_sec);
@@ -189,10 +192,10 @@ static void update_mem_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	si->cache_mem += NM_I(sbi)->dirty_nat_cnt *
 					sizeof(struct nat_entry_set);
 	si->cache_mem += si->inmem_pages * sizeof(struct inmem_pages);
-	si->cache_mem += sbi->n_dirty_dirs * sizeof(struct inode_entry);
 	for (i = 0; i <= UPDATE_INO; i++)
 		si->cache_mem += sbi->im[i].ino_num * sizeof(struct ino_entry);
-	si->cache_mem += sbi->total_ext_tree * sizeof(struct extent_tree);
+	si->cache_mem += atomic_read(&sbi->total_ext_tree) *
+						sizeof(struct extent_tree);
 	si->cache_mem += atomic_read(&sbi->total_ext_node) *
 						sizeof(struct extent_node);
 
@@ -269,7 +272,8 @@ static int stat_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
 			   si->dirty_count);
 		seq_printf(s, "  - Prefree: %d\n  - Free: %d (%d)\n\n",
 			   si->prefree_count, si->free_segs, si->free_secs);
-		seq_printf(s, "CP calls: %d\n", si->cp_count);
+		seq_printf(s, "CP calls: %d (BG: %d)\n",
+				si->cp_count, si->bg_cp_count);
 		seq_printf(s, "GC calls: %d (BG: %d)\n",
 			   si->call_count, si->bg_gc);
 		seq_printf(s, "  - data segments : %d (%d)\n",
@@ -290,8 +294,8 @@ static int stat_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
 				!si->total_ext ? 0 :
 				div64_u64(si->hit_total * 100, si->total_ext),
 				si->hit_total, si->total_ext);
-		seq_printf(s, "  - Inner Struct Count: tree: %d, node: %d\n",
-				si->ext_tree, si->ext_node);
+		seq_printf(s, "  - Inner Struct Count: tree: %d(%d), node: %d\n",
+				si->ext_tree, si->zombie_tree, si->ext_node);
 		seq_puts(s, "\nBalancing F2FS Async:\n");
 		seq_printf(s, "  - inmem: %4d, wb: %4d\n",
 			   si->inmem_pages, si->wb_pages);
@@ -299,6 +303,8 @@ static int stat_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
 			   si->ndirty_node, si->node_pages);
 		seq_printf(s, "  - dents: %4d in dirs:%4d\n",
 			   si->ndirty_dent, si->ndirty_dirs);
+		seq_printf(s, "  - datas: %4d in files:%4d\n",
+			   si->ndirty_data, si->ndirty_files);
 		seq_printf(s, "  - meta: %4d in %4d\n",
 			   si->ndirty_meta, si->meta_pages);
 		seq_printf(s, "  - NATs: %9d/%9d\n  - SITs: %9d/%9d\n",
@@ -406,20 +412,23 @@ void f2fs_destroy_stats(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	kfree(si);
 }
 
-void __init f2fs_create_root_stats(void)
+int __init f2fs_create_root_stats(void)
 {
 	struct dentry *file;
 
 	f2fs_debugfs_root = debugfs_create_dir("f2fs", NULL);
 	if (!f2fs_debugfs_root)
-		return;
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	file = debugfs_create_file("status", S_IRUGO, f2fs_debugfs_root,
 			NULL, &stat_fops);
 	if (!file) {
 		debugfs_remove(f2fs_debugfs_root);
 		f2fs_debugfs_root = NULL;
+		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 void f2fs_destroy_root_stats(void)
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/dir.c b/fs/f2fs/dir.c
index f11d32b1c03b..ac4b3c27c295 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/dir.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/dir.c
@@ -172,8 +172,6 @@ static struct f2fs_dir_entry *find_in_level(struct inode *dir,
 
 	namehash = f2fs_dentry_hash(&name);
 
-	f2fs_bug_on(F2FS_I_SB(dir), level > MAX_DIR_HASH_DEPTH);
-
 	nbucket = dir_buckets(level, F2FS_I(dir)->i_dir_level);
 	nblock = bucket_blocks(level);
 
@@ -238,6 +236,14 @@ struct f2fs_dir_entry *f2fs_find_entry(struct inode *dir,
 		goto out;
 
 	max_depth = F2FS_I(dir)->i_current_depth;
+	if (unlikely(max_depth > MAX_DIR_HASH_DEPTH)) {
+		f2fs_msg(F2FS_I_SB(dir)->sb, KERN_WARNING,
+				"Corrupted max_depth of %lu: %u",
+				dir->i_ino, max_depth);
+		max_depth = MAX_DIR_HASH_DEPTH;
+		F2FS_I(dir)->i_current_depth = max_depth;
+		mark_inode_dirty(dir);
+	}
 
 	for (level = 0; level < max_depth; level++) {
 		de = find_in_level(dir, level, &fname, res_page);
@@ -444,7 +450,7 @@ struct page *init_inode_metadata(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
 	/* once the failed inode becomes a bad inode, i_mode is S_IFREG */
 	truncate_inode_pages(&inode->i_data, 0);
 	truncate_blocks(inode, 0, false);
-	remove_dirty_dir_inode(inode);
+	remove_dirty_inode(inode);
 	remove_inode_page(inode);
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
@@ -630,6 +636,7 @@ int __f2fs_add_link(struct inode *dir, const struct qstr *name,
 	f2fs_put_page(dentry_page, 1);
 out:
 	f2fs_fname_free_filename(&fname);
+	f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(dir), REQ_TIME);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -651,6 +658,7 @@ int f2fs_do_tmpfile(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir)
 	clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_NEW_INODE);
 fail:
 	up_write(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_sem);
+	f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(inode), REQ_TIME);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -695,6 +703,8 @@ void f2fs_delete_entry(struct f2fs_dir_entry *dentry, struct page *page,
 	int slots = GET_DENTRY_SLOTS(le16_to_cpu(dentry->name_len));
 	int i;
 
+	f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(dir), REQ_TIME);
+
 	if (f2fs_has_inline_dentry(dir))
 		return f2fs_delete_inline_entry(dentry, page, dir, inode);
 
@@ -864,26 +874,29 @@ static int f2fs_readdir(struct file *file, void *dirent, filldir_t filldir)
 
 	for (; n < npages; n++) {
 		dentry_page = get_lock_data_page(inode, n, false);
-		if (IS_ERR(dentry_page))
-			continue;
+		if (IS_ERR(dentry_page)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(dentry_page);
+			if (err == -ENOENT)
+				continue;
+			else
+				goto out;
+		}
 
 		dentry_blk = kmap(dentry_page);
 
 		make_dentry_ptr(inode, &d, (void *)dentry_blk, 1);
 
-		if (f2fs_fill_dentries(file, dirent, filldir, &d, n, bit_pos, &fstr))
-			goto stop;
+		if (f2fs_fill_dentries(file, dirent, filldir, &d, n,
+							bit_pos, &fstr)) {
+			kunmap(dentry_page);
+			f2fs_put_page(dentry_page, 1);
+			break;
+		}
 
 		bit_pos = 0;
 		file->f_pos = (n + 1) * NR_DENTRY_IN_BLOCK;
 		kunmap(dentry_page);
 		f2fs_put_page(dentry_page, 1);
-		dentry_page = NULL;
-	}
-stop:
-	if (dentry_page && !IS_ERR(dentry_page)) {
-		kunmap(dentry_page);
-		f2fs_put_page(dentry_page, 1);
 	}
 out:
 	f2fs_fname_crypto_free_buffer(&fstr);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/extent_cache.c b/fs/f2fs/extent_cache.c
index 7ddba812e11b..ccd5c636d3fe 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/extent_cache.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/extent_cache.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static struct extent_node *__attach_extent_node(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 
 	rb_link_node(&en->rb_node, parent, p);
 	rb_insert_color(&en->rb_node, &et->root);
-	et->count++;
+	atomic_inc(&et->node_cnt);
 	atomic_inc(&sbi->total_ext_node);
 	return en;
 }
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ static void __detach_extent_node(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 				struct extent_tree *et, struct extent_node *en)
 {
 	rb_erase(&en->rb_node, &et->root);
-	et->count--;
+	atomic_dec(&et->node_cnt);
 	atomic_dec(&sbi->total_ext_node);
 
 	if (et->cached_en == en)
@@ -68,11 +68,13 @@ static struct extent_tree *__grab_extent_tree(struct inode *inode)
 		et->root = RB_ROOT;
 		et->cached_en = NULL;
 		rwlock_init(&et->lock);
-		atomic_set(&et->refcount, 0);
-		et->count = 0;
-		sbi->total_ext_tree++;
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&et->list);
+		atomic_set(&et->node_cnt, 0);
+		atomic_inc(&sbi->total_ext_tree);
+	} else {
+		atomic_dec(&sbi->total_zombie_tree);
+		list_del_init(&et->list);
 	}
-	atomic_inc(&et->refcount);
 	up_write(&sbi->extent_tree_lock);
 
 	/* never died until evict_inode */
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ static unsigned int __free_extent_tree(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 {
 	struct rb_node *node, *next;
 	struct extent_node *en;
-	unsigned int count = et->count;
+	unsigned int count = atomic_read(&et->node_cnt);
 
 	node = rb_first(&et->root);
 	while (node) {
@@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ static unsigned int __free_extent_tree(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 		node = next;
 	}
 
-	return count - et->count;
+	return count - atomic_read(&et->node_cnt);
 }
 
 static void __drop_largest_extent(struct inode *inode,
@@ -164,34 +166,33 @@ static void __drop_largest_extent(struct inode *inode,
 		largest->len = 0;
 }
 
-void f2fs_drop_largest_extent(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t fofs)
-{
-	if (!f2fs_may_extent_tree(inode))
-		return;
-
-	__drop_largest_extent(inode, fofs, 1);
-}
-
-void f2fs_init_extent_tree(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_extent *i_ext)
+/* return true, if inode page is changed */
+bool f2fs_init_extent_tree(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_extent *i_ext)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct extent_tree *et;
 	struct extent_node *en;
 	struct extent_info ei;
 
-	if (!f2fs_may_extent_tree(inode))
-		return;
+	if (!f2fs_may_extent_tree(inode)) {
+		/* drop largest extent */
+		if (i_ext && i_ext->len) {
+			i_ext->len = 0;
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
 
 	et = __grab_extent_tree(inode);
 
-	if (!i_ext || le32_to_cpu(i_ext->len) < F2FS_MIN_EXTENT_LEN)
-		return;
+	if (!i_ext || !i_ext->len)
+		return false;
 
 	set_extent_info(&ei, le32_to_cpu(i_ext->fofs),
 		le32_to_cpu(i_ext->blk), le32_to_cpu(i_ext->len));
 
 	write_lock(&et->lock);
-	if (et->count)
+	if (atomic_read(&et->node_cnt))
 		goto out;
 
 	en = __init_extent_tree(sbi, et, &ei);
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ void f2fs_init_extent_tree(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_extent *i_ext)
 	}
 out:
 	write_unlock(&et->lock);
+	return false;
 }
 
 static bool f2fs_lookup_extent_tree(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t pgofs,
@@ -549,45 +551,44 @@ static unsigned int f2fs_update_extent_tree_range(struct inode *inode,
 unsigned int f2fs_shrink_extent_tree(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int nr_shrink)
 {
 	struct extent_tree *treevec[EXT_TREE_VEC_SIZE];
+	struct extent_tree *et, *next;
 	struct extent_node *en, *tmp;
 	unsigned long ino = F2FS_ROOT_INO(sbi);
-	struct radix_tree_root *root = &sbi->extent_tree_root;
 	unsigned int found;
 	unsigned int node_cnt = 0, tree_cnt = 0;
 	int remained;
+	bool do_free = false;
 
 	if (!test_opt(sbi, EXTENT_CACHE))
 		return 0;
 
+	if (!atomic_read(&sbi->total_zombie_tree))
+		goto free_node;
+
 	if (!down_write_trylock(&sbi->extent_tree_lock))
 		goto out;
 
 	/* 1. remove unreferenced extent tree */
-	while ((found = radix_tree_gang_lookup(root,
-				(void **)treevec, ino, EXT_TREE_VEC_SIZE))) {
-		unsigned i;
-
-		ino = treevec[found - 1]->ino + 1;
-		for (i = 0; i < found; i++) {
-			struct extent_tree *et = treevec[i];
-
-			if (!atomic_read(&et->refcount)) {
-				write_lock(&et->lock);
-				node_cnt += __free_extent_tree(sbi, et, true);
-				write_unlock(&et->lock);
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(et, next, &sbi->zombie_list, list) {
+		if (atomic_read(&et->node_cnt)) {
+			write_lock(&et->lock);
+			node_cnt += __free_extent_tree(sbi, et, true);
+			write_unlock(&et->lock);
+		}
 
-				radix_tree_delete(root, et->ino);
-				kmem_cache_free(extent_tree_slab, et);
-				sbi->total_ext_tree--;
-				tree_cnt++;
+		list_del_init(&et->list);
+		radix_tree_delete(&sbi->extent_tree_root, et->ino);
+		kmem_cache_free(extent_tree_slab, et);
+		atomic_dec(&sbi->total_ext_tree);
+		atomic_dec(&sbi->total_zombie_tree);
+		tree_cnt++;
 
-				if (node_cnt + tree_cnt >= nr_shrink)
-					goto unlock_out;
-			}
-		}
+		if (node_cnt + tree_cnt >= nr_shrink)
+			goto unlock_out;
 	}
 	up_write(&sbi->extent_tree_lock);
 
+free_node:
 	/* 2. remove LRU extent entries */
 	if (!down_write_trylock(&sbi->extent_tree_lock))
 		goto out;
@@ -599,15 +600,19 @@ unsigned int f2fs_shrink_extent_tree(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int nr_shrink)
 		if (!remained--)
 			break;
 		list_del_init(&en->list);
+		do_free = true;
 	}
 	spin_unlock(&sbi->extent_lock);
 
+	if (do_free == false)
+		goto unlock_out;
+
 	/*
 	 * reset ino for searching victims from beginning of global extent tree.
 	 */
 	ino = F2FS_ROOT_INO(sbi);
 
-	while ((found = radix_tree_gang_lookup(root,
+	while ((found = radix_tree_gang_lookup(&sbi->extent_tree_root,
 				(void **)treevec, ino, EXT_TREE_VEC_SIZE))) {
 		unsigned i;
 
@@ -615,9 +620,13 @@ unsigned int f2fs_shrink_extent_tree(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int nr_shrink)
 		for (i = 0; i < found; i++) {
 			struct extent_tree *et = treevec[i];
 
-			write_lock(&et->lock);
-			node_cnt += __free_extent_tree(sbi, et, false);
-			write_unlock(&et->lock);
+			if (!atomic_read(&et->node_cnt))
+				continue;
+
+			if (write_trylock(&et->lock)) {
+				node_cnt += __free_extent_tree(sbi, et, false);
+				write_unlock(&et->lock);
+			}
 
 			if (node_cnt + tree_cnt >= nr_shrink)
 				goto unlock_out;
@@ -637,7 +646,7 @@ unsigned int f2fs_destroy_extent_node(struct inode *inode)
 	struct extent_tree *et = F2FS_I(inode)->extent_tree;
 	unsigned int node_cnt = 0;
 
-	if (!et)
+	if (!et || !atomic_read(&et->node_cnt))
 		return 0;
 
 	write_lock(&et->lock);
@@ -656,8 +665,12 @@ void f2fs_destroy_extent_tree(struct inode *inode)
 	if (!et)
 		return;
 
-	if (inode->i_nlink && !is_bad_inode(inode) && et->count) {
-		atomic_dec(&et->refcount);
+	if (inode->i_nlink && !is_bad_inode(inode) &&
+					atomic_read(&et->node_cnt)) {
+		down_write(&sbi->extent_tree_lock);
+		list_add_tail(&et->list, &sbi->zombie_list);
+		atomic_inc(&sbi->total_zombie_tree);
+		up_write(&sbi->extent_tree_lock);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -666,11 +679,10 @@ void f2fs_destroy_extent_tree(struct inode *inode)
 
 	/* delete extent tree entry in radix tree */
 	down_write(&sbi->extent_tree_lock);
-	atomic_dec(&et->refcount);
-	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, atomic_read(&et->refcount) || et->count);
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, atomic_read(&et->node_cnt));
 	radix_tree_delete(&sbi->extent_tree_root, inode->i_ino);
 	kmem_cache_free(extent_tree_slab, et);
-	sbi->total_ext_tree--;
+	atomic_dec(&sbi->total_ext_tree);
 	up_write(&sbi->extent_tree_lock);
 
 	F2FS_I(inode)->extent_tree = NULL;
@@ -722,7 +734,9 @@ void init_extent_cache_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	init_rwsem(&sbi->extent_tree_lock);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sbi->extent_list);
 	spin_lock_init(&sbi->extent_lock);
-	sbi->total_ext_tree = 0;
+	atomic_set(&sbi->total_ext_tree, 0);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sbi->zombie_list);
+	atomic_set(&sbi->total_zombie_tree, 0);
 	atomic_set(&sbi->total_ext_node, 0);
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
index 182154c61031..6c646562eeb4 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include <linux/bio.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_CHECK_FS
 #define f2fs_bug_on(sbi, condition)	BUG_ON(condition)
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
 #define F2FS_MOUNT_FASTBOOT		0x00001000
 #define F2FS_MOUNT_EXTENT_CACHE		0x00002000
 #define F2FS_MOUNT_FORCE_FG_GC		0x00004000
+#define F2FS_MOUNT_DATA_FLUSH		0x00008000
 
 #define clear_opt(sbi, option)	(sbi->mount_opt.opt &= ~F2FS_MOUNT_##option)
 #define set_opt(sbi, option)	(sbi->mount_opt.opt |= F2FS_MOUNT_##option)
@@ -126,6 +128,7 @@ enum {
 #define BATCHED_TRIM_BLOCKS(sbi)	\
 		(BATCHED_TRIM_SEGMENTS(sbi) << (sbi)->log_blocks_per_seg)
 #define DEF_CP_INTERVAL			60	/* 60 secs */
+#define DEF_IDLE_INTERVAL		120	/* 2 mins */
 
 struct cp_control {
 	int reason;
@@ -159,13 +162,7 @@ struct ino_entry {
 	nid_t ino;		/* inode number */
 };
 
-/*
- * for the list of directory inodes or gc inodes.
- * NOTE: there are two slab users for this structure, if we add/modify/delete
- * fields in structure for one of slab users, it may affect fields or size of
- * other one, in this condition, it's better to split both of slab and related
- * data structure.
- */
+/* for the list of inodes to be GCed */
 struct inode_entry {
 	struct list_head list;	/* list head */
 	struct inode *inode;	/* vfs inode pointer */
@@ -244,6 +241,7 @@ static inline bool __has_cursum_space(struct f2fs_summary_block *sum, int size,
 #define F2FS_IOC_ABORT_VOLATILE_WRITE	_IO(F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 5)
 #define F2FS_IOC_GARBAGE_COLLECT	_IO(F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 6)
 #define F2FS_IOC_WRITE_CHECKPOINT	_IO(F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 7)
+#define F2FS_IOC_DEFRAGMENT		_IO(F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 8)
 
 #define F2FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY					\
 		_IOR('f', 19, struct f2fs_encryption_policy)
@@ -256,10 +254,16 @@ static inline bool __has_cursum_space(struct f2fs_summary_block *sum, int size,
 /*
  * ioctl commands in 32 bit emulation
  */
-#define F2FS_IOC32_GETFLAGS             FS_IOC32_GETFLAGS
-#define F2FS_IOC32_SETFLAGS             FS_IOC32_SETFLAGS
+#define F2FS_IOC32_GETFLAGS		FS_IOC32_GETFLAGS
+#define F2FS_IOC32_SETFLAGS		FS_IOC32_SETFLAGS
+#define F2FS_IOC32_GETVERSION		FS_IOC32_GETVERSION
 #endif
 
+struct f2fs_defragment {
+	u64 start;
+	u64 len;
+};
+
 /*
  * For INODE and NODE manager
  */
@@ -358,9 +362,9 @@ struct extent_tree {
 	struct rb_root root;		/* root of extent info rb-tree */
 	struct extent_node *cached_en;	/* recently accessed extent node */
 	struct extent_info largest;	/* largested extent info */
+	struct list_head list;		/* to be used by sbi->zombie_list */
 	rwlock_t lock;			/* protect extent info rb-tree */
-	atomic_t refcount;		/* reference count of rb-tree */
-	unsigned int count;		/* # of extent node in rb-tree*/
+	atomic_t node_cnt;		/* # of extent node in rb-tree*/
 };
 
 /*
@@ -435,8 +439,8 @@ struct f2fs_inode_info {
 	unsigned int clevel;		/* maximum level of given file name */
 	nid_t i_xattr_nid;		/* node id that contains xattrs */
 	unsigned long long xattr_ver;	/* cp version of xattr modification */
-	struct inode_entry *dirty_dir;	/* the pointer of dirty dir */
 
+	struct list_head dirty_list;	/* linked in global dirty list */
 	struct list_head inmem_pages;	/* inmemory pages managed by f2fs */
 	struct mutex inmem_lock;	/* lock for inmemory pages */
 
@@ -545,6 +549,7 @@ struct dnode_of_data {
 	nid_t nid;			/* node id of the direct node block */
 	unsigned int ofs_in_node;	/* data offset in the node page */
 	bool inode_page_locked;		/* inode page is locked or not */
+	bool node_changed;		/* is node block changed */
 	block_t	data_blkaddr;		/* block address of the node block */
 };
 
@@ -648,6 +653,7 @@ struct f2fs_sm_info {
 enum count_type {
 	F2FS_WRITEBACK,
 	F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS,
+	F2FS_DIRTY_DATA,
 	F2FS_DIRTY_NODES,
 	F2FS_DIRTY_META,
 	F2FS_INMEM_PAGES,
@@ -697,6 +703,12 @@ struct f2fs_bio_info {
 	struct rw_semaphore io_rwsem;	/* blocking op for bio */
 };
 
+enum inode_type {
+	DIR_INODE,			/* for dirty dir inode */
+	FILE_INODE,			/* for dirty regular/symlink inode */
+	NR_INODE_TYPE,
+};
+
 /* for inner inode cache management */
 struct inode_management {
 	struct radix_tree_root ino_root;	/* ino entry array */
@@ -713,11 +725,17 @@ enum {
 	SBI_POR_DOING,				/* recovery is doing or not */
 };
 
+enum {
+	CP_TIME,
+	REQ_TIME,
+	MAX_TIME,
+};
+
 struct f2fs_sb_info {
 	struct super_block *sb;			/* pointer to VFS super block */
 	struct proc_dir_entry *s_proc;		/* proc entry */
-	struct buffer_head *raw_super_buf;	/* buffer head of raw sb */
 	struct f2fs_super_block *raw_super;	/* raw super block pointer */
+	int valid_super_block;			/* valid super block no */
 	int s_flag;				/* flags for sbi */
 
 	/* for node-related operations */
@@ -739,23 +757,26 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
 	struct rw_semaphore node_write;		/* locking node writes */
 	struct mutex writepages;		/* mutex for writepages() */
 	wait_queue_head_t cp_wait;
-	long cp_expires, cp_interval;		/* next expected periodic cp */
+	unsigned long last_time[MAX_TIME];	/* to store time in jiffies */
+	long interval_time[MAX_TIME];		/* to store thresholds */
 
 	struct inode_management im[MAX_INO_ENTRY];      /* manage inode cache */
 
 	/* for orphan inode, use 0'th array */
 	unsigned int max_orphans;		/* max orphan inodes */
 
-	/* for directory inode management */
-	struct list_head dir_inode_list;	/* dir inode list */
-	spinlock_t dir_inode_lock;		/* for dir inode list lock */
+	/* for inode management */
+	struct list_head inode_list[NR_INODE_TYPE];	/* dirty inode list */
+	spinlock_t inode_lock[NR_INODE_TYPE];	/* for dirty inode list lock */
 
 	/* for extent tree cache */
 	struct radix_tree_root extent_tree_root;/* cache extent cache entries */
 	struct rw_semaphore extent_tree_lock;	/* locking extent radix tree */
 	struct list_head extent_list;		/* lru list for shrinker */
 	spinlock_t extent_lock;			/* locking extent lru list */
-	int total_ext_tree;			/* extent tree count */
+	atomic_t total_ext_tree;		/* extent tree count */
+	struct list_head zombie_list;		/* extent zombie tree list */
+	atomic_t total_zombie_tree;		/* extent zombie tree count */
 	atomic_t total_ext_node;		/* extent info count */
 
 	/* basic filesystem units */
@@ -773,6 +794,7 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
 	unsigned int total_node_count;		/* total node block count */
 	unsigned int total_valid_node_count;	/* valid node block count */
 	unsigned int total_valid_inode_count;	/* valid inode count */
+	loff_t max_file_blocks;			/* max block index of file */
 	int active_logs;			/* # of active logs */
 	int dir_level;				/* directory level */
 
@@ -811,7 +833,7 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
 	atomic_t inline_inode;			/* # of inline_data inodes */
 	atomic_t inline_dir;			/* # of inline_dentry inodes */
 	int bg_gc;				/* background gc calls */
-	unsigned int n_dirty_dirs;		/* # of dir inodes */
+	unsigned int ndirty_inode[NR_INODE_TYPE];	/* # of dirty inodes */
 #endif
 	unsigned int last_victim[2];		/* last victim segment # */
 	spinlock_t stat_lock;			/* lock for stat operations */
@@ -826,6 +848,31 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
 	unsigned int shrinker_run_no;
 };
 
+static inline void f2fs_update_time(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
+{
+	sbi->last_time[type] = jiffies;
+}
+
+static inline bool f2fs_time_over(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
+{
+	struct timespec ts = {sbi->interval_time[type], 0};
+	unsigned long interval = timespec_to_jiffies(&ts);
+
+	return time_after(jiffies, sbi->last_time[type] + interval);
+}
+
+static inline bool is_idle(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct block_device *bdev = sbi->sb->s_bdev;
+	struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
+	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;
+
+	if (rl->count[BLK_RW_SYNC] || rl->count[BLK_RW_ASYNC])
+		return 0;
+
+	return f2fs_time_over(sbi, REQ_TIME);
+}
+
 /*
  * Inline functions
  */
@@ -1061,8 +1108,8 @@ static inline void inc_page_count(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int count_type)
 static inline void inode_inc_dirty_pages(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	atomic_inc(&F2FS_I(inode)->dirty_pages);
-	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
-		inc_page_count(F2FS_I_SB(inode), F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS);
+	inc_page_count(F2FS_I_SB(inode), S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA);
 }
 
 static inline void dec_page_count(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int count_type)
@@ -1077,9 +1124,8 @@ static inline void inode_dec_dirty_pages(struct inode *inode)
 		return;
 
 	atomic_dec(&F2FS_I(inode)->dirty_pages);
-
-	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
-		dec_page_count(F2FS_I_SB(inode), F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS);
+	dec_page_count(F2FS_I_SB(inode), S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA);
 }
 
 static inline int get_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int count_type)
@@ -1094,8 +1140,7 @@ static inline int get_dirty_pages(struct inode *inode)
 
 static inline int get_blocktype_secs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int block_type)
 {
-	unsigned int pages_per_sec = sbi->segs_per_sec *
-					(1 << sbi->log_blocks_per_seg);
+	unsigned int pages_per_sec = sbi->segs_per_sec * sbi->blocks_per_seg;
 	return ((get_pages(sbi, block_type) + pages_per_sec - 1)
 			>> sbi->log_blocks_per_seg) / sbi->segs_per_sec;
 }
@@ -1418,6 +1463,8 @@ enum {
 	FI_DROP_CACHE,		/* drop dirty page cache */
 	FI_DATA_EXIST,		/* indicate data exists */
 	FI_INLINE_DOTS,		/* indicate inline dot dentries */
+	FI_DO_DEFRAG,		/* indicate defragment is running */
+	FI_DIRTY_FILE,		/* indicate regular/symlink has dirty pages */
 };
 
 static inline void set_inode_flag(struct f2fs_inode_info *fi, int flag)
@@ -1676,8 +1723,8 @@ long f2fs_compat_ioctl(struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
 void f2fs_set_inode_flags(struct inode *);
 struct inode *f2fs_iget(struct super_block *, unsigned long);
 int try_to_free_nats(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int);
-void update_inode(struct inode *, struct page *);
-void update_inode_page(struct inode *);
+int update_inode(struct inode *, struct page *);
+int update_inode_page(struct inode *);
 int f2fs_write_inode(struct inode *, struct writeback_control *);
 void f2fs_evict_inode(struct inode *);
 void handle_failed_inode(struct inode *);
@@ -1781,7 +1828,7 @@ void destroy_node_manager_caches(void);
  */
 void register_inmem_page(struct inode *, struct page *);
 int commit_inmem_pages(struct inode *, bool);
-void f2fs_balance_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
+void f2fs_balance_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *, bool);
 void f2fs_balance_fs_bg(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
 int f2fs_issue_flush(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
 int create_flush_cmd_control(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
@@ -1827,9 +1874,9 @@ bool is_valid_blkaddr(struct f2fs_sb_info *, block_t, int);
 int ra_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *, block_t, int, int, bool);
 void ra_meta_pages_cond(struct f2fs_sb_info *, pgoff_t);
 long sync_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *, enum page_type, long);
-void add_dirty_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *, nid_t, int type);
-void remove_dirty_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *, nid_t, int type);
-void release_dirty_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
+void add_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *, nid_t, int type);
+void remove_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *, nid_t, int type);
+void release_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
 bool exist_written_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *, nid_t, int);
 int acquire_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
 void release_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
@@ -1839,9 +1886,9 @@ int recover_orphan_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
 int get_valid_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
 void update_dirty_page(struct inode *, struct page *);
 void add_dirty_dir_inode(struct inode *);
-void remove_dirty_dir_inode(struct inode *);
-void sync_dirty_dir_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
-void write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct cp_control *);
+void remove_dirty_inode(struct inode *);
+int sync_dirty_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *, enum inode_type);
+int write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct cp_control *);
 void init_ino_entry_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
 int __init create_checkpoint_caches(void);
 void destroy_checkpoint_caches(void);
@@ -1861,6 +1908,7 @@ struct page *find_data_page(struct inode *, pgoff_t);
 struct page *get_lock_data_page(struct inode *, pgoff_t, bool);
 struct page *get_new_data_page(struct inode *, struct page *, pgoff_t, bool);
 int do_write_data_page(struct f2fs_io_info *);
+int f2fs_map_blocks(struct inode *, struct f2fs_map_blocks *, int, int);
 int f2fs_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *, u64, u64);
 void f2fs_invalidate_page(struct page *, unsigned long);
 int f2fs_release_page(struct page *, gfp_t);
@@ -1891,8 +1939,9 @@ struct f2fs_stat_info {
 	int main_area_segs, main_area_sections, main_area_zones;
 	unsigned long long hit_largest, hit_cached, hit_rbtree;
 	unsigned long long hit_total, total_ext;
-	int ext_tree, ext_node;
-	int ndirty_node, ndirty_dent, ndirty_dirs, ndirty_meta;
+	int ext_tree, zombie_tree, ext_node;
+	int ndirty_node, ndirty_meta;
+	int ndirty_dent, ndirty_dirs, ndirty_data, ndirty_files;
 	int nats, dirty_nats, sits, dirty_sits, fnids;
 	int total_count, utilization;
 	int bg_gc, inmem_pages, wb_pages;
@@ -1902,7 +1951,7 @@ struct f2fs_stat_info {
 	int util_free, util_valid, util_invalid;
 	int rsvd_segs, overp_segs;
 	int dirty_count, node_pages, meta_pages;
-	int prefree_count, call_count, cp_count;
+	int prefree_count, call_count, cp_count, bg_cp_count;
 	int tot_segs, node_segs, data_segs, free_segs, free_secs;
 	int bg_node_segs, bg_data_segs;
 	int tot_blks, data_blks, node_blks;
@@ -1923,10 +1972,11 @@ static inline struct f2fs_stat_info *F2FS_STAT(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 }
 
 #define stat_inc_cp_count(si)		((si)->cp_count++)
+#define stat_inc_bg_cp_count(si)	((si)->bg_cp_count++)
 #define stat_inc_call_count(si)		((si)->call_count++)
 #define stat_inc_bggc_count(sbi)	((sbi)->bg_gc++)
-#define stat_inc_dirty_dir(sbi)		((sbi)->n_dirty_dirs++)
-#define stat_dec_dirty_dir(sbi)		((sbi)->n_dirty_dirs--)
+#define stat_inc_dirty_inode(sbi, type)	((sbi)->ndirty_inode[type]++)
+#define stat_dec_dirty_inode(sbi, type)	((sbi)->ndirty_inode[type]--)
 #define stat_inc_total_hit(sbi)		(atomic64_inc(&(sbi)->total_hit_ext))
 #define stat_inc_rbtree_node_hit(sbi)	(atomic64_inc(&(sbi)->read_hit_rbtree))
 #define stat_inc_largest_node_hit(sbi)	(atomic64_inc(&(sbi)->read_hit_largest))
@@ -2001,14 +2051,15 @@ static inline struct f2fs_stat_info *F2FS_STAT(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 
 int f2fs_build_stats(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
 void f2fs_destroy_stats(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
-void __init f2fs_create_root_stats(void);
+int __init f2fs_create_root_stats(void);
 void f2fs_destroy_root_stats(void);
 #else
 #define stat_inc_cp_count(si)
+#define stat_inc_bg_cp_count(si)
 #define stat_inc_call_count(si)
 #define stat_inc_bggc_count(si)
-#define stat_inc_dirty_dir(sbi)
-#define stat_dec_dirty_dir(sbi)
+#define stat_inc_dirty_inode(sbi, type)
+#define stat_dec_dirty_inode(sbi, type)
 #define stat_inc_total_hit(sb)
 #define stat_inc_rbtree_node_hit(sb)
 #define stat_inc_largest_node_hit(sbi)
@@ -2029,7 +2080,7 @@ void f2fs_destroy_root_stats(void);
 
 static inline int f2fs_build_stats(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi) { return 0; }
 static inline void f2fs_destroy_stats(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi) { }
-static inline void __init f2fs_create_root_stats(void) { }
+static inline int __init f2fs_create_root_stats(void) { return 0; }
 static inline void f2fs_destroy_root_stats(void) { }
 #endif
 
@@ -2082,8 +2133,7 @@ void f2fs_leave_shrinker(struct f2fs_sb_info *);
  * extent_cache.c
  */
 unsigned int f2fs_shrink_extent_tree(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int);
-void f2fs_drop_largest_extent(struct inode *, pgoff_t);
-void f2fs_init_extent_tree(struct inode *, struct f2fs_extent *);
+bool f2fs_init_extent_tree(struct inode *, struct f2fs_extent *);
 unsigned int f2fs_destroy_extent_node(struct inode *);
 void f2fs_destroy_extent_tree(struct inode *);
 bool f2fs_lookup_extent_cache(struct inode *, pgoff_t, struct extent_info *);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/file.c b/fs/f2fs/file.c
index 30a8d8cbe8f1..87f3d62fa8bc 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/file.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/file.c
@@ -40,8 +40,6 @@ static int f2fs_vm_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
 	int err;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
 	vfs_check_frozen(inode->i_sb, SB_FREEZE_WRITE);
 
 	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, f2fs_has_inline_data(inode));
@@ -57,6 +55,8 @@ static int f2fs_vm_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
 
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, dn.node_changed);
+
 	file_update_time(vma->vm_file);
 	lock_page(page);
 	if (unlikely(page->mapping != inode->i_mapping ||
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ static int f2fs_vm_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	/* if gced page is attached, don't write to cold segment */
 	clear_cold_data(page);
 out:
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, REQ_TIME);
 	return block_page_mkwrite_return(err);
 }
 
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ int f2fs_sync_file(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
 	trace_f2fs_sync_file_enter(inode);
 
 	/* if fdatasync is triggered, let's do in-place-update */
-	if (get_dirty_pages(inode) <= SM_I(sbi)->min_fsync_blocks)
+	if (datasync || get_dirty_pages(inode) <= SM_I(sbi)->min_fsync_blocks)
 		set_inode_flag(fi, FI_NEED_IPU);
 	ret = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode->i_mapping, start, end);
 	clear_inode_flag(fi, FI_NEED_IPU);
@@ -231,9 +232,6 @@ int f2fs_sync_file(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
 		goto out;
 	}
 go_write:
-	/* guarantee free sections for fsync */
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
 	/*
 	 * Both of fdatasync() and fsync() are able to be recovered from
 	 * sudden-power-off.
@@ -259,8 +257,10 @@ int f2fs_sync_file(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
 	sync_node_pages(sbi, ino, &wbc);
 
 	/* if cp_error was enabled, we should avoid infinite loop */
-	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		ret = -EIO;
 		goto out;
+	}
 
 	if (need_inode_block_update(sbi, ino)) {
 		mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
@@ -273,12 +273,13 @@ int f2fs_sync_file(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
 		goto out;
 
 	/* once recovery info is written, don't need to tack this */
-	remove_dirty_inode(sbi, ino, APPEND_INO);
+	remove_ino_entry(sbi, ino, APPEND_INO);
 	clear_inode_flag(fi, FI_APPEND_WRITE);
 flush_out:
-	remove_dirty_inode(sbi, ino, UPDATE_INO);
+	remove_ino_entry(sbi, ino, UPDATE_INO);
 	clear_inode_flag(fi, FI_UPDATE_WRITE);
 	ret = f2fs_issue_flush(sbi);
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, REQ_TIME);
 out:
 	trace_f2fs_sync_file_exit(inode, need_cp, datasync, ret);
 	f2fs_trace_ios(NULL, 1);
@@ -435,19 +436,18 @@ static loff_t f2fs_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
 static int f2fs_file_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	int err;
 
 	if (f2fs_encrypted_inode(inode)) {
-		int err = f2fs_get_encryption_info(inode);
+		err = f2fs_get_encryption_info(inode);
 		if (err)
 			return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* we don't need to use inline_data strictly */
-	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
-		int err = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
-	}
+	err = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
 
 	file_accessed(file);
 	vma->vm_ops = &f2fs_file_vm_ops;
@@ -500,11 +500,11 @@ int truncate_data_blocks_range(struct dnode_of_data *dn, int count)
 						F2FS_I(dn->inode)) + ofs;
 		f2fs_update_extent_cache_range(dn, fofs, 0, len);
 		dec_valid_block_count(sbi, dn->inode, nr_free);
-		set_page_dirty(dn->node_page);
 		sync_inode_page(dn);
 	}
 	dn->ofs_in_node = ofs;
 
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, REQ_TIME);
 	trace_f2fs_truncate_data_blocks_range(dn->inode, dn->nid,
 					 dn->ofs_in_node, nr_free);
 	return nr_free;
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ int f2fs_truncate(struct inode *inode, bool lock)
 	trace_f2fs_truncate(inode);
 
 	/* we should check inline_data size */
-	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode) && !f2fs_may_inline_data(inode)) {
+	if (!f2fs_may_inline_data(inode)) {
 		err = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
@@ -696,13 +696,20 @@ int f2fs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
 			err = f2fs_truncate(inode, true);
 			if (err)
 				return err;
-			f2fs_balance_fs(F2FS_I_SB(inode));
+			f2fs_balance_fs(F2FS_I_SB(inode), true);
 		} else {
 			/*
 			 * do not trim all blocks after i_size if target size is
 			 * larger than i_size.
 			 */
 			truncate_setsize(inode, attr->ia_size);
+
+			/* should convert inline inode here */
+			if (!f2fs_may_inline_data(inode)) {
+				err = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
+				if (err)
+					return err;
+			}
 			inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
 		}
 	}
@@ -743,7 +750,7 @@ static int fill_zero(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
 	if (!len)
 		return 0;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
 	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 	page = get_new_data_page(inode, NULL, index, false);
@@ -794,13 +801,11 @@ static int punch_hole(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 {
 	pgoff_t pg_start, pg_end;
 	loff_t off_start, off_end;
-	int ret = 0;
+	int ret;
 
-	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
-		ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
+	ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
 
 	pg_start = ((unsigned long long) offset) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 	pg_end = ((unsigned long long) offset + len) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
@@ -831,7 +836,7 @@ static int punch_hole(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 			loff_t blk_start, blk_end;
 			struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 
-			f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
+			f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
 			blk_start = (loff_t)pg_start << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 			blk_end = (loff_t)pg_end << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
@@ -934,7 +939,7 @@ static int f2fs_do_collapse(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t start, pgoff_t end)
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	for (; end < nrpages; start++, end++) {
-		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
+		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 		ret = __exchange_data_block(inode, end, start, true);
 		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
@@ -957,13 +962,9 @@ static int f2fs_collapse_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 	if (offset & (F2FS_BLKSIZE - 1) || len & (F2FS_BLKSIZE - 1))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(F2FS_I_SB(inode));
-
-	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
-		ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
+	ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
 
 	pg_start = offset >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 	pg_end = (offset + len) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
@@ -1007,13 +1008,9 @@ static int f2fs_zero_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len,
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
-	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
-		ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
+	ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
 
 	ret = filemap_write_and_wait_range(mapping, offset, offset + len - 1);
 	if (ret)
@@ -1120,13 +1117,11 @@ static int f2fs_insert_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 	if (offset & (F2FS_BLKSIZE - 1) || len & (F2FS_BLKSIZE - 1))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
+	ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
 
-	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
-		ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
 	ret = truncate_blocks(inode, i_size_read(inode), true);
 	if (ret)
@@ -1170,17 +1165,15 @@ static int expand_inode_data(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
 	loff_t off_start, off_end;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
 	ret = inode_newsize_ok(inode, (len + offset));
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
-	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
-		ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
+	ret = f2fs_convert_inline_inode(inode);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
 	pg_start = ((unsigned long long) offset) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 	pg_end = ((unsigned long long) offset + len) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
@@ -1266,6 +1259,7 @@ static long f2fs_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode,
 	if (!ret) {
 		inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
 		mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+		f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(inode), REQ_TIME);
 	}
 
 out:
@@ -1373,8 +1367,6 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_start_atomic_write(struct file *filp)
 	if (!inode_owner_or_capable(inode))
 		return -EACCES;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(F2FS_I_SB(inode));
-
 	if (f2fs_is_atomic_file(inode))
 		return 0;
 
@@ -1383,6 +1375,8 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_start_atomic_write(struct file *filp)
 		return ret;
 
 	set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_ATOMIC_FILE);
+	f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(inode), REQ_TIME);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1404,8 +1398,10 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_commit_atomic_write(struct file *filp)
 	if (f2fs_is_atomic_file(inode)) {
 		clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_ATOMIC_FILE);
 		ret = commit_inmem_pages(inode, false);
-		if (ret)
+		if (ret) {
+			set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_ATOMIC_FILE);
 			goto err_out;
+		}
 	}
 
 	ret = f2fs_sync_file(filp, 0, LLONG_MAX, 0);
@@ -1430,6 +1426,7 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_start_volatile_write(struct file *filp)
 		return ret;
 
 	set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_VOLATILE_FILE);
+	f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(inode), REQ_TIME);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1461,13 +1458,17 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_abort_volatile_write(struct file *filp)
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(F2FS_I_SB(inode));
-
-	clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_ATOMIC_FILE);
-	clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_VOLATILE_FILE);
-	commit_inmem_pages(inode, true);
+	if (f2fs_is_atomic_file(inode)) {
+		clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_ATOMIC_FILE);
+		commit_inmem_pages(inode, true);
+	}
+	if (f2fs_is_volatile_file(inode)) {
+		clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_VOLATILE_FILE);
+		ret = f2fs_sync_file(filp, 0, LLONG_MAX, 0);
+	}
 
 	mnt_drop_write_file(filp);
+	f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(inode), REQ_TIME);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1507,6 +1508,7 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_shutdown(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 	default:
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, REQ_TIME);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1537,6 +1539,7 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_fitrim(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 	if (copy_to_user((struct fstrim_range __user *)arg, &range,
 				sizeof(range)))
 		return -EFAULT;
+	f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(inode), REQ_TIME);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1560,6 +1563,7 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_set_encryption_policy(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 				sizeof(policy)))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
+	f2fs_update_time(F2FS_I_SB(inode), REQ_TIME);
 	return f2fs_process_policy(&policy, inode);
 #else
 	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
@@ -1606,13 +1610,13 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_get_encryption_pwsalt(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 	generate_random_uuid(sbi->raw_super->encrypt_pw_salt);
 
 	err = f2fs_commit_super(sbi, false);
-
-	mnt_drop_write_file(filp);
 	if (err) {
 		/* undo new data */
 		memset(sbi->raw_super->encrypt_pw_salt, 0, 16);
+		mnt_drop_write_file(filp);
 		return err;
 	}
+	mnt_drop_write_file(filp);
 got_it:
 	if (copy_to_user((__u8 __user *)arg, sbi->raw_super->encrypt_pw_salt,
 									16))
@@ -1649,7 +1653,6 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_write_checkpoint(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp);
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
-	struct cp_control cpc;
 
 	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
 		return -EPERM;
@@ -1657,13 +1660,196 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_write_checkpoint(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 	if (f2fs_readonly(sbi->sb))
 		return -EROFS;
 
-	cpc.reason = __get_cp_reason(sbi);
+	return f2fs_sync_fs(sbi->sb, 1);
+}
 
-	mutex_lock(&sbi->gc_mutex);
-	write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
-	mutex_unlock(&sbi->gc_mutex);
+static int f2fs_defragment_range(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					struct file *filp,
+					struct f2fs_defragment *range)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp);
+	struct f2fs_map_blocks map;
+	struct extent_info ei;
+	pgoff_t pg_start, pg_end;
+	unsigned int blk_per_seg = sbi->blocks_per_seg;
+	unsigned int total = 0, sec_num;
+	unsigned int pages_per_sec = sbi->segs_per_sec * blk_per_seg;
+	block_t blk_end = 0;
+	bool fragmented = false;
+	int err;
 
-	return 0;
+	/* if in-place-update policy is enabled, don't waste time here */
+	if (need_inplace_update(inode))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	pg_start = range->start >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	pg_end = (range->start + range->len) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+
+	mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+
+	/* writeback all dirty pages in the range */
+	err = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode->i_mapping, range->start,
+						range->start + range->len - 1);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * lookup mapping info in extent cache, skip defragmenting if physical
+	 * block addresses are continuous.
+	 */
+	if (f2fs_lookup_extent_cache(inode, pg_start, &ei)) {
+		if (ei.fofs + ei.len >= pg_end)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	map.m_lblk = pg_start;
+
+	/*
+	 * lookup mapping info in dnode page cache, skip defragmenting if all
+	 * physical block addresses are continuous even if there are hole(s)
+	 * in logical blocks.
+	 */
+	while (map.m_lblk < pg_end) {
+		map.m_len = pg_end - map.m_lblk;
+		err = f2fs_map_blocks(inode, &map, 0, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_READ);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!(map.m_flags & F2FS_MAP_FLAGS)) {
+			map.m_lblk++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (blk_end && blk_end != map.m_pblk) {
+			fragmented = true;
+			break;
+		}
+		blk_end = map.m_pblk + map.m_len;
+
+		map.m_lblk += map.m_len;
+	}
+
+	if (!fragmented)
+		goto out;
+
+	map.m_lblk = pg_start;
+	map.m_len = pg_end - pg_start;
+
+	sec_num = (map.m_len + pages_per_sec - 1) / pages_per_sec;
+
+	/*
+	 * make sure there are enough free section for LFS allocation, this can
+	 * avoid defragment running in SSR mode when free section are allocated
+	 * intensively
+	 */
+	if (has_not_enough_free_secs(sbi, sec_num)) {
+		err = -EAGAIN;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	while (map.m_lblk < pg_end) {
+		pgoff_t idx;
+		int cnt = 0;
+
+do_map:
+		map.m_len = pg_end - map.m_lblk;
+		err = f2fs_map_blocks(inode, &map, 0, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_READ);
+		if (err)
+			goto clear_out;
+
+		if (!(map.m_flags & F2FS_MAP_FLAGS)) {
+			map.m_lblk++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DO_DEFRAG);
+
+		idx = map.m_lblk;
+		while (idx < map.m_lblk + map.m_len && cnt < blk_per_seg) {
+			struct page *page;
+
+			page = get_lock_data_page(inode, idx, true);
+			if (IS_ERR(page)) {
+				err = PTR_ERR(page);
+				goto clear_out;
+			}
+
+			set_page_dirty(page);
+			f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+
+			idx++;
+			cnt++;
+			total++;
+		}
+
+		map.m_lblk = idx;
+
+		if (idx < pg_end && cnt < blk_per_seg)
+			goto do_map;
+
+		clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DO_DEFRAG);
+
+		err = filemap_fdatawrite(inode->i_mapping);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+clear_out:
+	clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DO_DEFRAG);
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	if (!err)
+		range->len = (u64)total << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int f2fs_ioc_defragment(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp);
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	struct f2fs_defragment range;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	err = mnt_want_write_file(filp);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (f2fs_readonly(sbi->sb)) {
+		err = -EROFS;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (copy_from_user(&range, (struct f2fs_defragment __user *)arg,
+							sizeof(range))) {
+		err = -EFAULT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* verify alignment of offset & size */
+	if (range.start & (F2FS_BLKSIZE - 1) ||
+		range.len & (F2FS_BLKSIZE - 1)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = f2fs_defragment_range(sbi, filp, &range);
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, REQ_TIME);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (copy_to_user((struct f2fs_defragment __user *)arg, &range,
+							sizeof(range)))
+		err = -EFAULT;
+out:
+	mnt_drop_write_file(filp);
+	return err;
 }
 
 long f2fs_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
@@ -1699,6 +1885,8 @@ long f2fs_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 		return f2fs_ioc_gc(filp, arg);
 	case F2FS_IOC_WRITE_CHECKPOINT:
 		return f2fs_ioc_write_checkpoint(filp, arg);
+	case F2FS_IOC_DEFRAGMENT:
+		return f2fs_ioc_defragment(filp, arg);
 	default:
 		return -ENOTTY;
 	}
@@ -1714,6 +1902,22 @@ long f2fs_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 	case F2FS_IOC32_SETFLAGS:
 		cmd = F2FS_IOC_SETFLAGS;
 		break;
+	case F2FS_IOC32_GETVERSION:
+		cmd = F2FS_IOC_GETVERSION;
+		break;
+	case F2FS_IOC_START_ATOMIC_WRITE:
+	case F2FS_IOC_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE:
+	case F2FS_IOC_START_VOLATILE_WRITE:
+	case F2FS_IOC_RELEASE_VOLATILE_WRITE:
+	case F2FS_IOC_ABORT_VOLATILE_WRITE:
+	case FS_IOC_SHUTDOWN:
+	case F2FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY:
+	case F2FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_PWSALT:
+	case F2FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY:
+	case F2FS_IOC_GARBAGE_COLLECT:
+	case F2FS_IOC_WRITE_CHECKPOINT:
+	case F2FS_IOC_DEFRAGMENT:
+		break;
 	default:
 		return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
 	}
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/gc.c b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
index ee32e72ab80a..3015934a958b 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/gc.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/freezer.h>
-#include <linux/blkdev.h>
 
 #include "f2fs.h"
 #include "node.h"
@@ -173,9 +172,9 @@ static unsigned int get_max_cost(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 {
 	/* SSR allocates in a segment unit */
 	if (p->alloc_mode == SSR)
-		return 1 << sbi->log_blocks_per_seg;
+		return sbi->blocks_per_seg;
 	if (p->gc_mode == GC_GREEDY)
-		return (1 << sbi->log_blocks_per_seg) * p->ofs_unit;
+		return sbi->blocks_per_seg * p->ofs_unit;
 	else if (p->gc_mode == GC_CB)
 		return UINT_MAX;
 	else /* No other gc_mode */
@@ -829,8 +828,10 @@ int f2fs_gc(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool sync)
 
 	if (unlikely(!(sbi->sb->s_flags & MS_ACTIVE)))
 		goto stop;
-	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		ret = -EIO;
 		goto stop;
+	}
 
 	if (gc_type == BG_GC && has_not_enough_free_secs(sbi, sec_freed)) {
 		gc_type = FG_GC;
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/gc.h b/fs/f2fs/gc.h
index 9091e0c9ded6..a993967dcdb9 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/gc.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/gc.h
@@ -100,11 +100,3 @@ static inline bool has_enough_invalid_blocks(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 		return true;
 	return false;
 }
-
-static inline int is_idle(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
-{
-	struct block_device *bdev = sbi->sb->s_bdev;
-	struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
-	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;
-	return !(rl->count[BLK_RW_SYNC]) && !(rl->count[BLK_RW_ASYNC]);
-}
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/inline.c b/fs/f2fs/inline.c
index 4d22fa72ecae..fb2aee9a3d26 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/inline.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/inline.c
@@ -16,9 +16,6 @@
 
 bool f2fs_may_inline_data(struct inode *inode)
 {
-	if (!test_opt(F2FS_I_SB(inode), INLINE_DATA))
-		return false;
-
 	if (f2fs_is_atomic_file(inode))
 		return false;
 
@@ -177,6 +174,9 @@ int f2fs_convert_inline_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	struct page *ipage, *page;
 	int err = 0;
 
+	if (!f2fs_has_inline_data(inode))
+		return 0;
+
 	page = grab_cache_page(inode->i_mapping, 0);
 	if (!page)
 		return -ENOMEM;
@@ -199,6 +199,9 @@ int f2fs_convert_inline_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
 
 	f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, dn.node_changed);
+
 	return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/inode.c b/fs/f2fs/inode.c
index ad480e595a16..87ca18153209 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/inode.c
@@ -138,7 +138,8 @@ static int do_read_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	fi->i_pino = le32_to_cpu(ri->i_pino);
 	fi->i_dir_level = ri->i_dir_level;
 
-	f2fs_init_extent_tree(inode, &ri->i_ext);
+	if (f2fs_init_extent_tree(inode, &ri->i_ext))
+		set_page_dirty(node_page);
 
 	get_inline_info(fi, ri);
 
@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ struct inode *f2fs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
 	return ERR_PTR(ret);
 }
 
-void update_inode(struct inode *inode, struct page *node_page)
+int update_inode(struct inode *inode, struct page *node_page)
 {
 	struct f2fs_inode *ri;
 
@@ -259,15 +260,16 @@ void update_inode(struct inode *inode, struct page *node_page)
 
 	__set_inode_rdev(inode, ri);
 	set_cold_node(inode, node_page);
-	set_page_dirty(node_page);
-
 	clear_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_DIRTY_INODE);
+
+	return set_page_dirty(node_page);
 }
 
-void update_inode_page(struct inode *inode)
+int update_inode_page(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct page *node_page;
+	int ret = 0;
 retry:
 	node_page = get_node_page(sbi, inode->i_ino);
 	if (IS_ERR(node_page)) {
@@ -278,10 +280,11 @@ void update_inode_page(struct inode *inode)
 		} else if (err != -ENOENT) {
 			f2fs_stop_checkpoint(sbi);
 		}
-		return;
+		return 0;
 	}
-	update_inode(inode, node_page);
+	ret = update_inode(inode, node_page);
 	f2fs_put_page(node_page, 1);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 int f2fs_write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
@@ -299,9 +302,8 @@ int f2fs_write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 	 * We need to balance fs here to prevent from producing dirty node pages
 	 * during the urgent cleaning time when runing out of free sections.
 	 */
-	update_inode_page(inode);
-
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
+	if (update_inode_page(inode))
+		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@ void f2fs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
 		goto out_clear;
 
 	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, get_dirty_pages(inode));
-	remove_dirty_dir_inode(inode);
+	remove_dirty_inode(inode);
 
 	f2fs_destroy_extent_tree(inode);
 
@@ -355,9 +357,9 @@ void f2fs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	if (xnid)
 		invalidate_mapping_pages(NODE_MAPPING(sbi), xnid, xnid);
 	if (is_inode_flag_set(fi, FI_APPEND_WRITE))
-		add_dirty_inode(sbi, inode->i_ino, APPEND_INO);
+		add_ino_entry(sbi, inode->i_ino, APPEND_INO);
 	if (is_inode_flag_set(fi, FI_UPDATE_WRITE))
-		add_dirty_inode(sbi, inode->i_ino, UPDATE_INO);
+		add_ino_entry(sbi, inode->i_ino, UPDATE_INO);
 	if (is_inode_flag_set(fi, FI_FREE_NID)) {
 		if (err && err != -ENOENT)
 			alloc_nid_done(sbi, inode->i_ino);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/namei.c b/fs/f2fs/namei.c
index 469d9000b51e..64d9622908e1 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/namei.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/namei.c
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static struct inode *f2fs_new_inode(struct inode *dir, umode_t mode)
 	if (f2fs_encrypted_inode(dir) && f2fs_may_encrypt(inode))
 		f2fs_set_encrypted_inode(inode);
 
-	if (f2fs_may_inline_data(inode))
+	if (test_opt(sbi, INLINE_DATA) && f2fs_may_inline_data(inode))
 		set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_INLINE_DATA);
 	if (f2fs_may_inline_dentry(inode))
 		set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_INLINE_DENTRY);
@@ -128,8 +128,6 @@ static int f2fs_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
 	nid_t ino = 0;
 	int err;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
 	inode = f2fs_new_inode(dir, mode);
 	if (IS_ERR(inode))
 		return PTR_ERR(inode);
@@ -142,6 +140,8 @@ static int f2fs_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
 	inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &f2fs_dblock_aops;
 	ino = inode->i_ino;
 
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+
 	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 	err = f2fs_add_link(dentry, inode);
 	if (err)
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ static int f2fs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
 		!f2fs_is_child_context_consistent_with_parent(dir, inode))
 		return -EPERM;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
 	inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
 	ihold(inode);
@@ -214,6 +214,15 @@ static int __recover_dot_dentries(struct inode *dir, nid_t pino)
 	struct page *page;
 	int err = 0;
 
+	if (f2fs_readonly(sbi->sb)) {
+		f2fs_msg(sbi->sb, KERN_INFO,
+			"skip recovering inline_dots inode (ino:%lu, pino:%u) "
+			"in readonly mountpoint", dir->i_ino, pino);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+
 	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 
 	de = f2fs_find_entry(dir, &dot, &page);
@@ -288,12 +297,13 @@ static int f2fs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	int err = -ENOENT;
 
 	trace_f2fs_unlink_enter(dir, dentry);
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
 
 	de = f2fs_find_entry(dir, &dentry->d_name, &page);
 	if (!de)
 		goto fail;
 
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+
 	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 	err = acquire_orphan_inode(sbi);
 	if (err) {
@@ -352,8 +362,6 @@ static int f2fs_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
 	if (len > dir->i_sb->s_blocksize)
 		return -ENAMETOOLONG;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
 	inode = f2fs_new_inode(dir, S_IFLNK | S_IRWXUGO);
 	if (IS_ERR(inode))
 		return PTR_ERR(inode);
@@ -364,6 +372,8 @@ static int f2fs_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
 		inode->i_op = &f2fs_symlink_inode_operations;
 	inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &f2fs_dblock_aops;
 
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+
 	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 	err = f2fs_add_link(dentry, inode);
 	if (err)
@@ -444,8 +454,6 @@ static int f2fs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
 	struct inode *inode;
 	int err;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
 	inode = f2fs_new_inode(dir, S_IFDIR | mode);
 	if (IS_ERR(inode))
 		return PTR_ERR(inode);
@@ -455,6 +463,8 @@ static int f2fs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
 	inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &f2fs_dblock_aops;
 	mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping, GFP_F2FS_HIGH_ZERO);
 
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+
 	set_inode_flag(F2FS_I(inode), FI_INC_LINK);
 	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 	err = f2fs_add_link(dentry, inode);
@@ -495,8 +505,6 @@ static int f2fs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
 	if (!new_valid_dev(rdev))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
 	inode = f2fs_new_inode(dir, mode);
 	if (IS_ERR(inode))
 		return PTR_ERR(inode);
@@ -504,6 +512,8 @@ static int f2fs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
 	init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, rdev);
 	inode->i_op = &f2fs_special_inode_operations;
 
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+
 	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 	err = f2fs_add_link(dentry, inode);
 	if (err)
@@ -543,8 +553,6 @@ static int f2fs_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
-
 	old_entry = f2fs_find_entry(old_dir, &old_dentry->d_name, &old_page);
 	if (!old_entry)
 		goto out;
@@ -568,6 +576,8 @@ static int f2fs_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 		if (!new_entry)
 			goto out_dir;
 
+		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+
 		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 
 		err = acquire_orphan_inode(sbi);
@@ -599,6 +609,8 @@ static int f2fs_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 		update_inode_page(old_inode);
 		update_inode_page(new_inode);
 	} else {
+		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
+
 		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 
 		err = f2fs_add_link(new_dentry, old_inode);
@@ -666,7 +678,7 @@ static void *f2fs_encrypted_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry,
 {
 	struct page *cpage = NULL;
 	char *caddr, *paddr = NULL;
-	struct f2fs_str cstr;
+	struct f2fs_str cstr = FSTR_INIT(NULL, 0);
 	struct f2fs_str pstr = FSTR_INIT(NULL, 0);
 	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
 	struct f2fs_encrypted_symlink_data *sd;
@@ -687,6 +699,12 @@ static void *f2fs_encrypted_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry,
 	/* Symlink is encrypted */
 	sd = (struct f2fs_encrypted_symlink_data *)caddr;
 	cstr.len = le16_to_cpu(sd->len);
+
+	/* this is broken symlink case */
+	if (unlikely(cstr.len == 0)) {
+		res = -ENOENT;
+		goto errout;
+	}
 	cstr.name = kmalloc(cstr.len, GFP_NOFS);
 	if (!cstr.name) {
 		res = -ENOMEM;
@@ -695,7 +713,7 @@ static void *f2fs_encrypted_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry,
 	memcpy(cstr.name, sd->encrypted_path, cstr.len);
 
 	/* this is broken symlink case */
-	if (cstr.name[0] == 0 && cstr.len == 0) {
+	if (unlikely(cstr.name[0] == 0)) {
 		res = -ENOENT;
 		goto errout;
 	}
@@ -747,10 +765,12 @@ const struct inode_operations f2fs_encrypted_symlink_inode_operations = {
 	.put_link       = kfree_put_link,
 	.getattr	= f2fs_getattr,
 	.setattr	= f2fs_setattr,
+#ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_XATTR
 	.setxattr	= generic_setxattr,
 	.getxattr	= generic_getxattr,
 	.listxattr	= f2fs_listxattr,
 	.removexattr	= generic_removexattr,
+#endif
 };
 #endif
 
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/node.c b/fs/f2fs/node.c
index 413d7724bdf9..97a29b4237cc 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/node.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/node.c
@@ -65,13 +65,14 @@ bool available_free_memory(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
 				sizeof(struct ino_entry)) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 		res = mem_size < ((avail_ram * nm_i->ram_thresh / 100) >> 1);
 	} else if (type == EXTENT_CACHE) {
-		mem_size = (sbi->total_ext_tree * sizeof(struct extent_tree) +
+		mem_size = (atomic_read(&sbi->total_ext_tree) *
+				sizeof(struct extent_tree) +
 				atomic_read(&sbi->total_ext_node) *
 				sizeof(struct extent_node)) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 		res = mem_size < ((avail_ram * nm_i->ram_thresh / 100) >> 1);
 	} else {
-		if (sbi->sb->s_bdi->dirty_exceeded)
-			return false;
+		if (!sbi->sb->s_bdi->dirty_exceeded)
+			return true;
 	}
 	return res;
 }
@@ -261,13 +262,11 @@ static void cache_nat_entry(struct f2fs_nm_info *nm_i, nid_t nid,
 {
 	struct nat_entry *e;
 
-	down_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 	e = __lookup_nat_cache(nm_i, nid);
 	if (!e) {
 		e = grab_nat_entry(nm_i, nid);
 		node_info_from_raw_nat(&e->ni, ne);
 	}
-	up_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 }
 
 static void set_node_addr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct node_info *ni,
@@ -379,6 +378,8 @@ void get_node_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t nid, struct node_info *ni)
 
 	memset(&ne, 0, sizeof(struct f2fs_nat_entry));
 
+	down_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
+
 	/* Check current segment summary */
 	mutex_lock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
 	i = lookup_journal_in_cursum(sum, NAT_JOURNAL, nid, 0);
@@ -399,6 +400,7 @@ void get_node_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t nid, struct node_info *ni)
 cache:
 	/* cache nat entry */
 	cache_nat_entry(NM_I(sbi), nid, &ne);
+	up_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -676,7 +678,8 @@ static int truncate_nodes(struct dnode_of_data *dn, unsigned int nofs,
 			ret = truncate_dnode(&rdn);
 			if (ret < 0)
 				goto out_err;
-			set_nid(page, i, 0, false);
+			if (set_nid(page, i, 0, false))
+				dn->node_changed = true;
 		}
 	} else {
 		child_nofs = nofs + ofs * (NIDS_PER_BLOCK + 1) + 1;
@@ -689,7 +692,8 @@ static int truncate_nodes(struct dnode_of_data *dn, unsigned int nofs,
 			rdn.nid = child_nid;
 			ret = truncate_nodes(&rdn, child_nofs, 0, depth - 1);
 			if (ret == (NIDS_PER_BLOCK + 1)) {
-				set_nid(page, i, 0, false);
+				if (set_nid(page, i, 0, false))
+					dn->node_changed = true;
 				child_nofs += ret;
 			} else if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENOENT) {
 				goto out_err;
@@ -750,7 +754,8 @@ static int truncate_partial_nodes(struct dnode_of_data *dn,
 		err = truncate_dnode(dn);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto fail;
-		set_nid(pages[idx], i, 0, false);
+		if (set_nid(pages[idx], i, 0, false))
+			dn->node_changed = true;
 	}
 
 	if (offset[idx + 1] == 0) {
@@ -975,7 +980,8 @@ struct page *new_node_page(struct dnode_of_data *dn,
 	fill_node_footer(page, dn->nid, dn->inode->i_ino, ofs, true);
 	set_cold_node(dn->inode, page);
 	SetPageUptodate(page);
-	set_page_dirty(page);
+	if (set_page_dirty(page))
+		dn->node_changed = true;
 
 	if (f2fs_has_xattr_block(ofs))
 		F2FS_I(dn->inode)->i_xattr_nid = dn->nid;
@@ -1035,6 +1041,10 @@ void ra_node_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t nid)
 	struct page *apage;
 	int err;
 
+	if (!nid)
+		return;
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, check_nid_range(sbi, nid));
+
 	apage = find_get_page(NODE_MAPPING(sbi), nid);
 	if (apage && PageUptodate(apage)) {
 		f2fs_put_page(apage, 0);
@@ -1050,52 +1060,37 @@ void ra_node_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t nid)
 	f2fs_put_page(apage, err ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
-struct page *get_node_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t nid)
+/*
+ * readahead MAX_RA_NODE number of node pages.
+ */
+void ra_node_pages(struct page *parent, int start)
 {
-	struct page *page;
-	int err;
-repeat:
-	page = grab_cache_page(NODE_MAPPING(sbi), nid);
-	if (!page)
-		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_P_SB(parent);
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+	int i, end;
+	nid_t nid;
 
-	err = read_node_page(page, READ_SYNC);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
-		return ERR_PTR(err);
-	} else if (err != LOCKED_PAGE) {
-		lock_page(page);
-	}
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
 
-	if (unlikely(!PageUptodate(page) || nid != nid_of_node(page))) {
-		ClearPageUptodate(page);
-		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
-		return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
-	}
-	if (unlikely(page->mapping != NODE_MAPPING(sbi))) {
-		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
-		goto repeat;
+	/* Then, try readahead for siblings of the desired node */
+	end = start + MAX_RA_NODE;
+	end = min(end, NIDS_PER_BLOCK);
+	for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
+		nid = get_nid(parent, i, false);
+		ra_node_page(sbi, nid);
 	}
-	mark_page_accessed(page);
-	return page;
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
 }
 
-/*
- * Return a locked page for the desired node page.
- * And, readahead MAX_RA_NODE number of node pages.
- */
-struct page *get_node_page_ra(struct page *parent, int start)
+struct page *__get_node_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t nid,
+					struct page *parent, int start)
 {
-	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_P_SB(parent);
-	struct blk_plug plug;
 	struct page *page;
-	int err, i, end;
-	nid_t nid;
+	int err;
 
-	/* First, try getting the desired direct node. */
-	nid = get_nid(parent, start, false);
 	if (!nid)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, check_nid_range(sbi, nid));
 repeat:
 	page = grab_cache_page(NODE_MAPPING(sbi), nid);
 	if (!page)
@@ -1109,47 +1104,54 @@ struct page *get_node_page_ra(struct page *parent, int start)
 		goto page_hit;
 	}
 
-	blk_start_plug(&plug);
-
-	/* Then, try readahead for siblings of the desired node */
-	end = start + MAX_RA_NODE;
-	end = min(end, NIDS_PER_BLOCK);
-	for (i = start + 1; i < end; i++) {
-		nid = get_nid(parent, i, false);
-		if (!nid)
-			continue;
-		ra_node_page(sbi, nid);
-	}
-
-	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+	if (parent)
+		ra_node_pages(parent, start + 1);
 
 	lock_page(page);
+
+	if (unlikely(!PageUptodate(page))) {
+		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+		return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+	}
 	if (unlikely(page->mapping != NODE_MAPPING(sbi))) {
 		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
 		goto repeat;
 	}
 page_hit:
-	if (unlikely(!PageUptodate(page))) {
-		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
-		return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
-	}
 	mark_page_accessed(page);
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, nid != nid_of_node(page));
 	return page;
 }
 
+struct page *get_node_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t nid)
+{
+	return __get_node_page(sbi, nid, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+struct page *get_node_page_ra(struct page *parent, int start)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_P_SB(parent);
+	nid_t nid = get_nid(parent, start, false);
+
+	return __get_node_page(sbi, nid, parent, start);
+}
+
 void sync_inode_page(struct dnode_of_data *dn)
 {
+	int ret = 0;
+
 	if (IS_INODE(dn->node_page) || dn->inode_page == dn->node_page) {
-		update_inode(dn->inode, dn->node_page);
+		ret = update_inode(dn->inode, dn->node_page);
 	} else if (dn->inode_page) {
 		if (!dn->inode_page_locked)
 			lock_page(dn->inode_page);
-		update_inode(dn->inode, dn->inode_page);
+		ret = update_inode(dn->inode, dn->inode_page);
 		if (!dn->inode_page_locked)
 			unlock_page(dn->inode_page);
 	} else {
-		update_inode_page(dn->inode);
+		ret = update_inode_page(dn->inode);
 	}
+	dn->node_changed = ret ? true: false;
 }
 
 int sync_node_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino,
@@ -1177,6 +1179,11 @@ int sync_node_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino,
 		for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
 			struct page *page = pvec.pages[i];
 
+			if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+				pagevec_release(&pvec);
+				return -EIO;
+			}
+
 			/*
 			 * flushing sequence with step:
 			 * 0. indirect nodes
@@ -1351,7 +1358,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_node_page(struct page *page,
 	up_read(&sbi->node_write);
 	unlock_page(page);
 
-	if (wbc->for_reclaim)
+	if (wbc->for_reclaim || unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
 		f2fs_submit_merged_bio(sbi, NODE, WRITE);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -1442,13 +1449,10 @@ static int add_free_nid(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t nid, bool build)
 
 	if (build) {
 		/* do not add allocated nids */
-		down_read(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 		ne = __lookup_nat_cache(nm_i, nid);
-		if (ne &&
-			(!get_nat_flag(ne, IS_CHECKPOINTED) ||
+		if (ne && (!get_nat_flag(ne, IS_CHECKPOINTED) ||
 				nat_get_blkaddr(ne) != NULL_ADDR))
 			allocated = true;
-		up_read(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 		if (allocated)
 			return 0;
 	}
@@ -1534,6 +1538,8 @@ static void build_free_nids(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	ra_meta_pages(sbi, NAT_BLOCK_OFFSET(nid), FREE_NID_PAGES,
 							META_NAT, true);
 
+	down_read(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
+
 	while (1) {
 		struct page *page = get_current_nat_page(sbi, nid);
 
@@ -1562,6 +1568,7 @@ static void build_free_nids(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 			remove_free_nid(nm_i, nid);
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+	up_read(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 
 	ra_meta_pages(sbi, NAT_BLOCK_OFFSET(nm_i->next_scan_nid),
 					nm_i->ra_nid_pages, META_NAT, false);
@@ -1584,8 +1591,6 @@ bool alloc_nid(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t *nid)
 
 	/* We should not use stale free nids created by build_free_nids */
 	if (nm_i->fcnt && !on_build_free_nids(nm_i)) {
-		struct node_info ni;
-
 		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, list_empty(&nm_i->free_nid_list));
 		list_for_each_entry(i, &nm_i->free_nid_list, list)
 			if (i->state == NID_NEW)
@@ -1596,13 +1601,6 @@ bool alloc_nid(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t *nid)
 		i->state = NID_ALLOC;
 		nm_i->fcnt--;
 		spin_unlock(&nm_i->free_nid_list_lock);
-
-		/* check nid is allocated already */
-		get_node_info(sbi, *nid, &ni);
-		if (ni.blk_addr != NULL_ADDR) {
-			alloc_nid_done(sbi, *nid);
-			goto retry;
-		}
 		return true;
 	}
 	spin_unlock(&nm_i->free_nid_list_lock);
@@ -1844,14 +1842,12 @@ static void remove_nats_in_journal(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 
 		raw_ne = nat_in_journal(sum, i);
 
-		down_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 		ne = __lookup_nat_cache(nm_i, nid);
 		if (!ne) {
 			ne = grab_nat_entry(nm_i, nid);
 			node_info_from_raw_nat(&ne->ni, &raw_ne);
 		}
 		__set_nat_cache_dirty(nm_i, ne);
-		up_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 	}
 	update_nats_in_cursum(sum, -i);
 	mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
@@ -1885,7 +1881,6 @@ static void __flush_nat_entry_set(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	struct f2fs_nat_block *nat_blk;
 	struct nat_entry *ne, *cur;
 	struct page *page = NULL;
-	struct f2fs_nm_info *nm_i = NM_I(sbi);
 
 	/*
 	 * there are two steps to flush nat entries:
@@ -1922,12 +1917,8 @@ static void __flush_nat_entry_set(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 			raw_ne = &nat_blk->entries[nid - start_nid];
 		}
 		raw_nat_from_node_info(raw_ne, &ne->ni);
-
-		down_write(&NM_I(sbi)->nat_tree_lock);
 		nat_reset_flag(ne);
 		__clear_nat_cache_dirty(NM_I(sbi), ne);
-		up_write(&NM_I(sbi)->nat_tree_lock);
-
 		if (nat_get_blkaddr(ne) == NULL_ADDR)
 			add_free_nid(sbi, nid, false);
 	}
@@ -1939,9 +1930,7 @@ static void __flush_nat_entry_set(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 
 	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, set->entry_cnt);
 
-	down_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 	radix_tree_delete(&NM_I(sbi)->nat_set_root, set->set);
-	up_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 	kmem_cache_free(nat_entry_set_slab, set);
 }
 
@@ -1961,6 +1950,9 @@ void flush_nat_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 
 	if (!nm_i->dirty_nat_cnt)
 		return;
+
+	down_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
+
 	/*
 	 * if there are no enough space in journal to store dirty nat
 	 * entries, remove all entries from journal and merge them
@@ -1969,7 +1961,6 @@ void flush_nat_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	if (!__has_cursum_space(sum, nm_i->dirty_nat_cnt, NAT_JOURNAL))
 		remove_nats_in_journal(sbi);
 
-	down_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 	while ((found = __gang_lookup_nat_set(nm_i,
 					set_idx, SETVEC_SIZE, setvec))) {
 		unsigned idx;
@@ -1978,12 +1969,13 @@ void flush_nat_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 			__adjust_nat_entry_set(setvec[idx], &sets,
 							MAX_NAT_JENTRIES(sum));
 	}
-	up_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
 
 	/* flush dirty nats in nat entry set */
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(set, tmp, &sets, set_list)
 		__flush_nat_entry_set(sbi, set);
 
+	up_write(&nm_i->nat_tree_lock);
+
 	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, nm_i->dirty_nat_cnt);
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/node.h b/fs/f2fs/node.h
index e4fffd2d98c4..d4d1f636fe1c 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/node.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/node.h
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ static inline pgoff_t current_nat_addr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t start)
 
 	block_addr = (pgoff_t)(nm_i->nat_blkaddr +
 		(seg_off << sbi->log_blocks_per_seg << 1) +
-		(block_off & ((1 << sbi->log_blocks_per_seg) - 1)));
+		(block_off & (sbi->blocks_per_seg - 1)));
 
 	if (f2fs_test_bit(block_off, nm_i->nat_bitmap))
 		block_addr += sbi->blocks_per_seg;
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ static inline bool IS_DNODE(struct page *node_page)
 	return true;
 }
 
-static inline void set_nid(struct page *p, int off, nid_t nid, bool i)
+static inline int set_nid(struct page *p, int off, nid_t nid, bool i)
 {
 	struct f2fs_node *rn = F2FS_NODE(p);
 
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ static inline void set_nid(struct page *p, int off, nid_t nid, bool i)
 		rn->i.i_nid[off - NODE_DIR1_BLOCK] = cpu_to_le32(nid);
 	else
 		rn->in.nid[off] = cpu_to_le32(nid);
-	set_page_dirty(p);
+	return set_page_dirty(p);
 }
 
 static inline nid_t get_nid(struct page *p, int off, bool i)
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/recovery.c b/fs/f2fs/recovery.c
index 6a3f04fa34e3..d24c1a040a13 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/recovery.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/recovery.c
@@ -168,6 +168,32 @@ static void recover_inode(struct inode *inode, struct page *page)
 			ino_of_node(page), name);
 }
 
+static bool is_same_inode(struct inode *inode, struct page *ipage)
+{
+	struct f2fs_inode *ri = F2FS_INODE(ipage);
+	struct timespec disk;
+
+	if (!IS_INODE(ipage))
+		return true;
+
+	disk.tv_sec = le64_to_cpu(ri->i_ctime);
+	disk.tv_nsec = le32_to_cpu(ri->i_ctime_nsec);
+	if (timespec_compare(&inode->i_ctime, &disk) > 0)
+		return false;
+
+	disk.tv_sec = le64_to_cpu(ri->i_atime);
+	disk.tv_nsec = le32_to_cpu(ri->i_atime_nsec);
+	if (timespec_compare(&inode->i_atime, &disk) > 0)
+		return false;
+
+	disk.tv_sec = le64_to_cpu(ri->i_mtime);
+	disk.tv_nsec = le32_to_cpu(ri->i_mtime_nsec);
+	if (timespec_compare(&inode->i_mtime, &disk) > 0)
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 static int find_fsync_dnodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct list_head *head)
 {
 	unsigned long long cp_ver = cur_cp_version(F2FS_CKPT(sbi));
@@ -197,7 +223,10 @@ static int find_fsync_dnodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct list_head *head)
 			goto next;
 
 		entry = get_fsync_inode(head, ino_of_node(page));
-		if (!entry) {
+		if (entry) {
+			if (!is_same_inode(entry->inode, page))
+				goto next;
+		} else {
 			if (IS_INODE(page) && is_dent_dnode(page)) {
 				err = recover_inode_page(sbi, page);
 				if (err)
@@ -459,8 +488,7 @@ static int do_recover_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct inode *inode,
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int recover_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
-				struct list_head *head, int type)
+static int recover_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct list_head *head)
 {
 	unsigned long long cp_ver = cur_cp_version(F2FS_CKPT(sbi));
 	struct curseg_info *curseg;
@@ -469,7 +497,7 @@ static int recover_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	block_t blkaddr;
 
 	/* get node pages in the current segment */
-	curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+	curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_WARM_NODE);
 	blkaddr = NEXT_FREE_BLKADDR(sbi, curseg);
 
 	while (1) {
@@ -556,7 +584,7 @@ int recover_fsync_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	need_writecp = true;
 
 	/* step #2: recover data */
-	err = recover_data(sbi, &inode_list, CURSEG_WARM_NODE);
+	err = recover_data(sbi, &inode_list);
 	if (!err)
 		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, !list_empty(&inode_list));
 out:
@@ -595,7 +623,7 @@ int recover_fsync_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 			.reason = CP_RECOVERY,
 		};
 		mutex_unlock(&sbi->cp_mutex);
-		write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
+		err = write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
 	} else {
 		mutex_unlock(&sbi->cp_mutex);
 	}
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
index efebae3a6c3c..69b637881212 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/segment.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ static inline unsigned long __reverse_ffs(unsigned long word)
 /*
  * __find_rev_next(_zero)_bit is copied from lib/find_next_bit.c because
  * f2fs_set_bit makes MSB and LSB reversed in a byte.
+ * @size must be integral times of unsigned long.
  * Example:
  *                             MSB <--> LSB
  *   f2fs_set_bit(0, bitmap) => 1000 0000
@@ -154,94 +155,73 @@ static unsigned long __find_rev_next_bit(const unsigned long *addr,
 			unsigned long size, unsigned long offset)
 {
 	const unsigned long *p = addr + BIT_WORD(offset);
-	unsigned long result = offset & ~(BITS_PER_LONG - 1);
+	unsigned long result = size;
 	unsigned long tmp;
 
 	if (offset >= size)
 		return size;
 
-	size -= result;
+	size -= (offset & ~(BITS_PER_LONG - 1));
 	offset %= BITS_PER_LONG;
-	if (!offset)
-		goto aligned;
-
-	tmp = __reverse_ulong((unsigned char *)p);
-	tmp &= ~0UL >> offset;
-
-	if (size < BITS_PER_LONG)
-		goto found_first;
-	if (tmp)
-		goto found_middle;
-
-	size -= BITS_PER_LONG;
-	result += BITS_PER_LONG;
-	p++;
-aligned:
-	while (size & ~(BITS_PER_LONG-1)) {
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (*p == 0)
+			goto pass;
+
 		tmp = __reverse_ulong((unsigned char *)p);
+
+		tmp &= ~0UL >> offset;
+		if (size < BITS_PER_LONG)
+			tmp &= (~0UL << (BITS_PER_LONG - size));
 		if (tmp)
-			goto found_middle;
-		result += BITS_PER_LONG;
+			goto found;
+pass:
+		if (size <= BITS_PER_LONG)
+			break;
 		size -= BITS_PER_LONG;
+		offset = 0;
 		p++;
 	}
-	if (!size)
-		return result;
-
-	tmp = __reverse_ulong((unsigned char *)p);
-found_first:
-	tmp &= (~0UL << (BITS_PER_LONG - size));
-	if (!tmp)		/* Are any bits set? */
-		return result + size;   /* Nope. */
-found_middle:
-	return result + __reverse_ffs(tmp);
+	return result;
+found:
+	return result - size + __reverse_ffs(tmp);
 }
 
 static unsigned long __find_rev_next_zero_bit(const unsigned long *addr,
 			unsigned long size, unsigned long offset)
 {
 	const unsigned long *p = addr + BIT_WORD(offset);
-	unsigned long result = offset & ~(BITS_PER_LONG - 1);
+	unsigned long result = size;
 	unsigned long tmp;
 
 	if (offset >= size)
 		return size;
 
-	size -= result;
+	size -= (offset & ~(BITS_PER_LONG - 1));
 	offset %= BITS_PER_LONG;
-	if (!offset)
-		goto aligned;
-
-	tmp = __reverse_ulong((unsigned char *)p);
-	tmp |= ~((~0UL << offset) >> offset);
-
-	if (size < BITS_PER_LONG)
-		goto found_first;
-	if (tmp != ~0UL)
-		goto found_middle;
-
-	size -= BITS_PER_LONG;
-	result += BITS_PER_LONG;
-	p++;
-aligned:
-	while (size & ~(BITS_PER_LONG - 1)) {
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (*p == ~0UL)
+			goto pass;
+
 		tmp = __reverse_ulong((unsigned char *)p);
+
+		if (offset)
+			tmp |= ~0UL << (BITS_PER_LONG - offset);
+		if (size < BITS_PER_LONG)
+			tmp |= ~0UL >> size;
 		if (tmp != ~0UL)
-			goto found_middle;
-		result += BITS_PER_LONG;
+			goto found;
+pass:
+		if (size <= BITS_PER_LONG)
+			break;
 		size -= BITS_PER_LONG;
+		offset = 0;
 		p++;
 	}
-	if (!size)
-		return result;
-
-	tmp = __reverse_ulong((unsigned char *)p);
-found_first:
-	tmp |= ~(~0UL << (BITS_PER_LONG - size));
-	if (tmp == ~0UL)	/* Are any bits zero? */
-		return result + size;   /* Nope. */
-found_middle:
-	return result + __reverse_ffz(tmp);
+	return result;
+found:
+	return result - size + __reverse_ffz(tmp);
 }
 
 void register_inmem_page(struct inode *inode, struct page *page)
@@ -292,7 +272,7 @@ int commit_inmem_pages(struct inode *inode, bool abort)
 	 * inode becomes free by iget_locked in f2fs_iget.
 	 */
 	if (!abort) {
-		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
+		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 	}
 
@@ -316,6 +296,7 @@ int commit_inmem_pages(struct inode *inode, bool abort)
 				submit_bio = true;
 			}
 		} else {
+			ClearPageUptodate(cur->page);
 			trace_f2fs_commit_inmem_page(cur->page, INMEM_DROP);
 		}
 		set_page_private(cur->page, 0);
@@ -340,8 +321,10 @@ int commit_inmem_pages(struct inode *inode, bool abort)
  * This function balances dirty node and dentry pages.
  * In addition, it controls garbage collection.
  */
-void f2fs_balance_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+void f2fs_balance_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool need)
 {
+	if (!need)
+		return;
 	/*
 	 * We should do GC or end up with checkpoint, if there are so many dirty
 	 * dir/node pages without enough free segments.
@@ -369,8 +352,12 @@ void f2fs_balance_fs_bg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	if (!available_free_memory(sbi, NAT_ENTRIES) ||
 			excess_prefree_segs(sbi) ||
 			!available_free_memory(sbi, INO_ENTRIES) ||
-			jiffies > sbi->cp_expires)
+			(is_idle(sbi) && f2fs_time_over(sbi, CP_TIME))) {
+		if (test_opt(sbi, DATA_FLUSH))
+			sync_dirty_inodes(sbi, FILE_INODE);
 		f2fs_sync_fs(sbi->sb, true);
+		stat_inc_bg_cp_count(sbi->stat_info);
+	}
 }
 
 struct __submit_bio_ret {
@@ -1220,6 +1207,7 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
 	__u64 end = start + F2FS_BYTES_TO_BLK(range->len) - 1;
 	unsigned int start_segno, end_segno;
 	struct cp_control cpc;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	if (start >= MAX_BLKADDR(sbi) || range->len < sbi->blocksize)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -1250,12 +1238,12 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
 				sbi->segs_per_sec) - 1, end_segno);
 
 		mutex_lock(&sbi->gc_mutex);
-		write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
+		err = write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
 		mutex_unlock(&sbi->gc_mutex);
 	}
 out:
 	range->len = F2FS_BLK_TO_BYTES(cpc.trimmed);
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
 static bool __has_curseg_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
@@ -1835,13 +1823,13 @@ int lookup_journal_in_cursum(struct f2fs_summary_block *sum, int type,
 			if (le32_to_cpu(nid_in_journal(sum, i)) == val)
 				return i;
 		}
-		if (alloc && nats_in_cursum(sum) < NAT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES)
+		if (alloc && __has_cursum_space(sum, 1, NAT_JOURNAL))
 			return update_nats_in_cursum(sum, 1);
 	} else if (type == SIT_JOURNAL) {
 		for (i = 0; i < sits_in_cursum(sum); i++)
 			if (le32_to_cpu(segno_in_journal(sum, i)) == val)
 				return i;
-		if (alloc && sits_in_cursum(sum) < SIT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES)
+		if (alloc && __has_cursum_space(sum, 1, SIT_JOURNAL))
 			return update_sits_in_cursum(sum, 1);
 	}
 	return -1;
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/shrinker.c b/fs/f2fs/shrinker.c
index 420b233d3de0..c997717eec1d 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/shrinker.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/shrinker.c
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ static unsigned long __count_free_nids(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 
 static unsigned long __count_extent_cache(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
-	return sbi->total_ext_tree + atomic_read(&sbi->total_ext_node);
+	return atomic_read(&sbi->total_zombie_tree) +
+				atomic_read(&sbi->total_ext_node);
 }
 
 int f2fs_shrink_count(struct shrinker *shrink,
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/super.c b/fs/f2fs/super.c
index 95ee32c09236..5666b2286a7a 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/super.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/super.c
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ enum {
 	Opt_extent_cache,
 	Opt_noextent_cache,
 	Opt_noinline_data,
+	Opt_data_flush,
 	Opt_err,
 };
 
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ static match_table_t f2fs_tokens = {
 	{Opt_extent_cache, "extent_cache"},
 	{Opt_noextent_cache, "noextent_cache"},
 	{Opt_noinline_data, "noinline_data"},
+	{Opt_data_flush, "data_flush"},
 	{Opt_err, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -215,7 +217,8 @@ F2FS_RW_ATTR(NM_INFO, f2fs_nm_info, ram_thresh, ram_thresh);
 F2FS_RW_ATTR(NM_INFO, f2fs_nm_info, ra_nid_pages, ra_nid_pages);
 F2FS_RW_ATTR(F2FS_SBI, f2fs_sb_info, max_victim_search, max_victim_search);
 F2FS_RW_ATTR(F2FS_SBI, f2fs_sb_info, dir_level, dir_level);
-F2FS_RW_ATTR(F2FS_SBI, f2fs_sb_info, cp_interval, cp_interval);
+F2FS_RW_ATTR(F2FS_SBI, f2fs_sb_info, cp_interval, interval_time[CP_TIME]);
+F2FS_RW_ATTR(F2FS_SBI, f2fs_sb_info, idle_interval, interval_time[REQ_TIME]);
 
 #define ATTR_LIST(name) (&f2fs_attr_##name.attr)
 static struct attribute *f2fs_attrs[] = {
@@ -234,6 +237,7 @@ static struct attribute *f2fs_attrs[] = {
 	ATTR_LIST(ram_thresh),
 	ATTR_LIST(ra_nid_pages),
 	ATTR_LIST(cp_interval),
+	ATTR_LIST(idle_interval),
 	NULL,
 };
 
@@ -405,6 +409,9 @@ static int parse_options(struct super_block *sb, char *options)
 		case Opt_noinline_data:
 			clear_opt(sbi, INLINE_DATA);
 			break;
+		case Opt_data_flush:
+			set_opt(sbi, DATA_FLUSH);
+			break;
 		default:
 			f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_ERR,
 				"Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" or missing value",
@@ -431,6 +438,7 @@ static struct inode *f2fs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
 	fi->i_current_depth = 1;
 	fi->i_advise = 0;
 	init_rwsem(&fi->i_sem);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fi->dirty_list);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fi->inmem_pages);
 	mutex_init(&fi->inmem_lock);
 
@@ -541,7 +549,7 @@ static void f2fs_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
 	 * normally superblock is clean, so we need to release this.
 	 * In addition, EIO will skip do checkpoint, we need this as well.
 	 */
-	release_dirty_inode(sbi);
+	release_ino_entry(sbi);
 	release_discard_addrs(sbi);
 
 	f2fs_leave_shrinker(sbi);
@@ -559,13 +567,14 @@ static void f2fs_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
 	wait_for_completion(&sbi->s_kobj_unregister);
 
 	sb->s_fs_info = NULL;
-	brelse(sbi->raw_super_buf);
+	kfree(sbi->raw_super);
 	kfree(sbi);
 }
 
 int f2fs_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int sync)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_SB(sb);
+	int err = 0;
 
 	trace_f2fs_sync_fs(sb, sync);
 
@@ -575,14 +584,12 @@ int f2fs_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int sync)
 		cpc.reason = __get_cp_reason(sbi);
 
 		mutex_lock(&sbi->gc_mutex);
-		write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
+		err = write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
 		mutex_unlock(&sbi->gc_mutex);
-	} else {
-		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
 	}
 	f2fs_trace_ios(NULL, 1);
 
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
 static int f2fs_freeze(struct super_block *sb)
@@ -679,6 +686,8 @@ static int f2fs_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
 		seq_puts(seq, ",extent_cache");
 	else
 		seq_puts(seq, ",noextent_cache");
+	if (test_opt(sbi, DATA_FLUSH))
+		seq_puts(seq, ",data_flush");
 	seq_printf(seq, ",active_logs=%u", sbi->active_logs);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -891,7 +900,7 @@ static const struct export_operations f2fs_export_ops = {
 	.get_parent = f2fs_get_parent,
 };
 
-static loff_t max_file_size(unsigned bits)
+static loff_t max_file_blocks(void)
 {
 	loff_t result = (DEF_ADDRS_PER_INODE - F2FS_INLINE_XATTR_ADDRS);
 	loff_t leaf_count = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK;
@@ -907,10 +916,82 @@ static loff_t max_file_size(unsigned bits)
 	leaf_count *= NIDS_PER_BLOCK;
 	result += leaf_count;
 
-	result <<= bits;
 	return result;
 }
 
+static inline bool sanity_check_area_boundary(struct super_block *sb,
+					struct f2fs_super_block *raw_super)
+{
+	u32 segment0_blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment0_blkaddr);
+	u32 cp_blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->cp_blkaddr);
+	u32 sit_blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->sit_blkaddr);
+	u32 nat_blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->nat_blkaddr);
+	u32 ssa_blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->ssa_blkaddr);
+	u32 main_blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->main_blkaddr);
+	u32 segment_count_ckpt = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment_count_ckpt);
+	u32 segment_count_sit = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment_count_sit);
+	u32 segment_count_nat = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment_count_nat);
+	u32 segment_count_ssa = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment_count_ssa);
+	u32 segment_count_main = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment_count_main);
+	u32 segment_count = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment_count);
+	u32 log_blocks_per_seg = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->log_blocks_per_seg);
+
+	if (segment0_blkaddr != cp_blkaddr) {
+		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_INFO,
+			"Mismatch start address, segment0(%u) cp_blkaddr(%u)",
+			segment0_blkaddr, cp_blkaddr);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (cp_blkaddr + (segment_count_ckpt << log_blocks_per_seg) !=
+							sit_blkaddr) {
+		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_INFO,
+			"Wrong CP boundary, start(%u) end(%u) blocks(%u)",
+			cp_blkaddr, sit_blkaddr,
+			segment_count_ckpt << log_blocks_per_seg);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (sit_blkaddr + (segment_count_sit << log_blocks_per_seg) !=
+							nat_blkaddr) {
+		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_INFO,
+			"Wrong SIT boundary, start(%u) end(%u) blocks(%u)",
+			sit_blkaddr, nat_blkaddr,
+			segment_count_sit << log_blocks_per_seg);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (nat_blkaddr + (segment_count_nat << log_blocks_per_seg) !=
+							ssa_blkaddr) {
+		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_INFO,
+			"Wrong NAT boundary, start(%u) end(%u) blocks(%u)",
+			nat_blkaddr, ssa_blkaddr,
+			segment_count_nat << log_blocks_per_seg);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (ssa_blkaddr + (segment_count_ssa << log_blocks_per_seg) !=
+							main_blkaddr) {
+		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_INFO,
+			"Wrong SSA boundary, start(%u) end(%u) blocks(%u)",
+			ssa_blkaddr, main_blkaddr,
+			segment_count_ssa << log_blocks_per_seg);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (main_blkaddr + (segment_count_main << log_blocks_per_seg) !=
+		segment0_blkaddr + (segment_count << log_blocks_per_seg)) {
+		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_INFO,
+			"Wrong MAIN_AREA boundary, start(%u) end(%u) blocks(%u)",
+			main_blkaddr,
+			segment0_blkaddr + (segment_count << log_blocks_per_seg),
+			segment_count_main << log_blocks_per_seg);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
 static int sanity_check_raw_super(struct super_block *sb,
 			struct f2fs_super_block *raw_super)
 {
@@ -940,6 +1021,14 @@ static int sanity_check_raw_super(struct super_block *sb,
 		return 1;
 	}
 
+	/* check log blocks per segment */
+	if (le32_to_cpu(raw_super->log_blocks_per_seg) != 9) {
+		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_INFO,
+			"Invalid log blocks per segment (%u)\n",
+			le32_to_cpu(raw_super->log_blocks_per_seg));
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	/* Currently, support 512/1024/2048/4096 bytes sector size */
 	if (le32_to_cpu(raw_super->log_sectorsize) >
 				F2FS_MAX_LOG_SECTOR_SIZE ||
@@ -958,6 +1047,23 @@ static int sanity_check_raw_super(struct super_block *sb,
 			le32_to_cpu(raw_super->log_sectorsize));
 		return 1;
 	}
+
+	/* check reserved ino info */
+	if (le32_to_cpu(raw_super->node_ino) != 1 ||
+		le32_to_cpu(raw_super->meta_ino) != 2 ||
+		le32_to_cpu(raw_super->root_ino) != 3) {
+		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_INFO,
+			"Invalid Fs Meta Ino: node(%u) meta(%u) root(%u)",
+			le32_to_cpu(raw_super->node_ino),
+			le32_to_cpu(raw_super->meta_ino),
+			le32_to_cpu(raw_super->root_ino));
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/* check CP/SIT/NAT/SSA/MAIN_AREA area boundary */
+	if (sanity_check_area_boundary(sb, raw_super))
+		return 1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1011,7 +1117,8 @@ static void init_sb_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 		atomic_set(&sbi->nr_pages[i], 0);
 
 	sbi->dir_level = DEF_DIR_LEVEL;
-	sbi->cp_interval = DEF_CP_INTERVAL;
+	sbi->interval_time[CP_TIME] = DEF_CP_INTERVAL;
+	sbi->interval_time[REQ_TIME] = DEF_IDLE_INTERVAL;
 	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sbi->s_list);
@@ -1025,111 +1132,114 @@ static void init_sb_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
  */
 static int read_raw_super_block(struct super_block *sb,
 			struct f2fs_super_block **raw_super,
-			struct buffer_head **raw_super_buf,
-			int *recovery)
+			int *valid_super_block, int *recovery)
 {
 	int block = 0;
-	struct buffer_head *buffer;
-	struct f2fs_super_block *super;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	struct f2fs_super_block *super, *buf;
 	int err = 0;
 
+	super = kzalloc(sizeof(struct f2fs_super_block), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!super)
+		return -ENOMEM;
 retry:
-	buffer = sb_bread(sb, block);
-	if (!buffer) {
+	bh = sb_bread(sb, block);
+	if (!bh) {
 		*recovery = 1;
 		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_ERR, "Unable to read %dth superblock",
 				block + 1);
-		if (block == 0) {
-			block++;
-			goto retry;
-		} else {
-			err = -EIO;
-			goto out;
-		}
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto next;
 	}
 
-	super = (struct f2fs_super_block *)
-		((char *)(buffer)->b_data + F2FS_SUPER_OFFSET);
+	buf = (struct f2fs_super_block *)(bh->b_data + F2FS_SUPER_OFFSET);
 
 	/* sanity checking of raw super */
-	if (sanity_check_raw_super(sb, super)) {
-		brelse(buffer);
+	if (sanity_check_raw_super(sb, buf)) {
+		brelse(bh);
 		*recovery = 1;
 		f2fs_msg(sb, KERN_ERR,
 			"Can't find valid F2FS filesystem in %dth superblock",
 								block + 1);
-		if (block == 0) {
-			block++;
-			goto retry;
-		} else {
-			err = -EINVAL;
-			goto out;
-		}
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto next;
 	}
 
 	if (!*raw_super) {
-		*raw_super_buf = buffer;
+		memcpy(super, buf, sizeof(*super));
+		*valid_super_block = block;
 		*raw_super = super;
-	} else {
-		/* already have a valid superblock */
-		brelse(buffer);
 	}
+	brelse(bh);
 
+next:
 	/* check the validity of the second superblock */
 	if (block == 0) {
 		block++;
 		goto retry;
 	}
 
-out:
 	/* No valid superblock */
-	if (!*raw_super)
+	if (!*raw_super) {
+		kfree(super);
 		return err;
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int __f2fs_commit_super(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int block)
+{
+	struct f2fs_super_block *super = F2FS_RAW_SUPER(sbi);
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int err;
+
+	bh = sb_getblk(sbi->sb, block);
+	if (!bh)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	lock_buffer(bh);
+	memcpy(bh->b_data + F2FS_SUPER_OFFSET, super, sizeof(*super));
+	set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+	set_buffer_dirty(bh);
+	unlock_buffer(bh);
+
+	/* it's rare case, we can do fua all the time */
+	err = __sync_dirty_buffer(bh, WRITE_FLUSH_FUA);
+	brelse(bh);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
 int f2fs_commit_super(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool recover)
 {
-	struct buffer_head *sbh = sbi->raw_super_buf;
-	sector_t block = sbh->b_blocknr;
 	int err;
 
 	/* write back-up superblock first */
-	sbh->b_blocknr = block ? 0 : 1;
-	mark_buffer_dirty(sbh);
-	err = sync_dirty_buffer(sbh);
-
-	sbh->b_blocknr = block;
+	err = __f2fs_commit_super(sbi, sbi->valid_super_block ? 0 : 1);
 
 	/* if we are in recovery path, skip writing valid superblock */
 	if (recover || err)
-		goto out;
+		return err;
 
 	/* write current valid superblock */
-	mark_buffer_dirty(sbh);
-	err = sync_dirty_buffer(sbh);
-out:
-	clear_buffer_write_io_error(sbh);
-	set_buffer_uptodate(sbh);
-	return err;
+	return __f2fs_commit_super(sbi, sbi->valid_super_block);
 }
 
 static int f2fs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi;
 	struct f2fs_super_block *raw_super;
-	struct buffer_head *raw_super_buf;
 	struct inode *root;
 	long err;
 	bool retry = true, need_fsck = false;
 	char *options = NULL;
-	int recovery, i;
+	int recovery, i, valid_super_block;
 
 try_onemore:
 	err = -EINVAL;
 	raw_super = NULL;
-	raw_super_buf = NULL;
+	valid_super_block = -1;
 	recovery = 0;
 
 	/* allocate memory for f2fs-specific super block info */
@@ -1143,7 +1253,8 @@ static int f2fs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 		goto free_sbi;
 	}
 
-	err = read_raw_super_block(sb, &raw_super, &raw_super_buf, &recovery);
+	err = read_raw_super_block(sb, &raw_super, &valid_super_block,
+								&recovery);
 	if (err)
 		goto free_sbi;
 
@@ -1160,7 +1271,9 @@ static int f2fs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 	if (err)
 		goto free_options;
 
-	sb->s_maxbytes = max_file_size(le32_to_cpu(raw_super->log_blocksize));
+	sbi->max_file_blocks = max_file_blocks();
+	sb->s_maxbytes = sbi->max_file_blocks <<
+				le32_to_cpu(raw_super->log_blocksize);
 	sb->s_max_links = F2FS_LINK_MAX;
 	get_random_bytes(&sbi->s_next_generation, sizeof(u32));
 
@@ -1176,7 +1289,7 @@ static int f2fs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 	/* init f2fs-specific super block info */
 	sbi->sb = sb;
 	sbi->raw_super = raw_super;
-	sbi->raw_super_buf = raw_super_buf;
+	sbi->valid_super_block = valid_super_block;
 	mutex_init(&sbi->gc_mutex);
 	mutex_init(&sbi->writepages);
 	mutex_init(&sbi->cp_mutex);
@@ -1229,8 +1342,10 @@ static int f2fs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 				le64_to_cpu(sbi->ckpt->valid_block_count);
 	sbi->last_valid_block_count = sbi->total_valid_block_count;
 	sbi->alloc_valid_block_count = 0;
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sbi->dir_inode_list);
-	spin_lock_init(&sbi->dir_inode_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_INODE_TYPE; i++) {
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sbi->inode_list[i]);
+		spin_lock_init(&sbi->inode_lock[i]);
+	}
 
 	init_extent_cache_info(sbi);
 
@@ -1348,12 +1463,14 @@ static int f2fs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 		f2fs_commit_super(sbi, true);
 	}
 
-	sbi->cp_expires = round_jiffies_up(jiffies);
-
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, CP_TIME);
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, REQ_TIME);
 	return 0;
 
 free_kobj:
 	kobject_del(&sbi->s_kobj);
+	kobject_put(&sbi->s_kobj);
+	wait_for_completion(&sbi->s_kobj_unregister);
 free_proc:
 	if (sbi->s_proc) {
 		remove_proc_entry("segment_info", sbi->s_proc);
@@ -1380,7 +1497,7 @@ static int f2fs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 free_options:
 	kfree(options);
 free_sb_buf:
-	brelse(raw_super_buf);
+	kfree(raw_super);
 free_sbi:
 	kfree(sbi);
 
@@ -1468,10 +1585,14 @@ static int __init init_f2fs_fs(void)
 	err = register_filesystem(&f2fs_fs_type);
 	if (err)
 		goto free_shrinker;
-	f2fs_create_root_stats();
+	err = f2fs_create_root_stats();
+	if (err)
+		goto free_filesystem;
 	f2fs_proc_root = proc_mkdir("fs/f2fs", NULL);
 	return 0;
 
+free_filesystem:
+	unregister_filesystem(&f2fs_fs_type);
 free_shrinker:
 	unregister_shrinker(&f2fs_shrinker_info);
 	f2fs_exit_crypto();
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/xattr.c b/fs/f2fs/xattr.c
index dd0646a56874..00195b4db282 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/xattr.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/xattr.c
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ int f2fs_setxattr(struct inode *inode, int index, const char *name,
 	if (ipage)
 		return __f2fs_setxattr(inode, index, name, value,
 						size, ipage, flags);
-	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi);
+	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
 	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
 	/* protect xattr_ver */
@@ -619,5 +619,6 @@ int f2fs_setxattr(struct inode *inode, int index, const char *name,
 	up_write(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_sem);
 	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
 
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, REQ_TIME);
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/include/linux/f2fs_fs.h b/include/linux/f2fs_fs.h
index 25c6324a0dd0..e59c3be92106 100644
--- a/include/linux/f2fs_fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/f2fs_fs.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 #define MAX_ACTIVE_DATA_LOGS	8
 
 #define VERSION_LEN	256
+#define MAX_VOLUME_NAME		512
 
 /*
  * For superblock
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ struct f2fs_super_block {
 	__le32 node_ino;		/* node inode number */
 	__le32 meta_ino;		/* meta inode number */
 	__u8 uuid[16];			/* 128-bit uuid for volume */
-	__le16 volume_name[512];	/* volume name */
+	__le16 volume_name[MAX_VOLUME_NAME];	/* volume name */
 	__le32 extension_count;		/* # of extensions below */
 	__u8 extension_list[F2FS_MAX_EXTENSION][8];	/* extension array */
 	__le32 cp_payload;
diff --git a/include/trace/events/f2fs.h b/include/trace/events/f2fs.h
index 18550209f622..79f872a92307 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/f2fs.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/f2fs.h
@@ -1227,6 +1227,44 @@ TRACE_EVENT(f2fs_destroy_extent_tree,
 		__entry->node_cnt)
 );
 
+DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct super_block *sb, int type, int count),
+
+	TP_ARGS(sb, type, count),
+
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(dev_t, dev)
+		__field(int, type)
+		__field(int, count)
+	),
+
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->dev	= sb->s_dev;
+		__entry->type	= type;
+		__entry->count	= count;
+	),
+
+	TP_printk("dev = (%d,%d), %s, dirty count = %d",
+		show_dev(__entry),
+		show_file_type(__entry->type),
+		__entry->count)
+);
+
+DEFINE_EVENT(f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes, f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_enter,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct super_block *sb, int type, int count),
+
+	TP_ARGS(sb, type, count)
+);
+
+DEFINE_EVENT(f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes, f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_exit,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct super_block *sb, int type, int count),
+
+	TP_ARGS(sb, type, count)
+);
+
 #endif /* _TRACE_F2FS_H */
 
  /* This part must be outside protection */