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column.go
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column.go
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package parquet
import (
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
"io"
"reflect"
"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/compress"
"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/deprecated"
"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/encoding"
"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/format"
"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/internal/unsafecast"
)
// Column represents a column in a parquet file.
//
// Methods of Column values are safe to call concurrently from multiple
// goroutines.
//
// Column instances satisfy the Node interface.
type Column struct {
typ Type
file *File
schema *format.SchemaElement
order *format.ColumnOrder
path columnPath
columns []*Column
chunks []*format.ColumnChunk
columnIndex []*format.ColumnIndex
offsetIndex []*format.OffsetIndex
encoding encoding.Encoding
compression compress.Codec
depth int8
maxRepetitionLevel byte
maxDefinitionLevel byte
index int16
}
// Type returns the type of the column.
//
// The returned value is unspecified if c is not a leaf column.
func (c *Column) Type() Type { return c.typ }
// Optional returns true if the column is optional.
func (c *Column) Optional() bool { return schemaRepetitionTypeOf(c.schema) == format.Optional }
// Repeated returns true if the column may repeat.
func (c *Column) Repeated() bool { return schemaRepetitionTypeOf(c.schema) == format.Repeated }
// Required returns true if the column is required.
func (c *Column) Required() bool { return schemaRepetitionTypeOf(c.schema) == format.Required }
// Leaf returns true if c is a leaf column.
func (c *Column) Leaf() bool { return c.index >= 0 }
// Fields returns the list of fields on the column.
func (c *Column) Fields() []Field {
fields := make([]Field, len(c.columns))
for i, column := range c.columns {
fields[i] = column
}
return fields
}
// Encoding returns the encodings used by this column.
func (c *Column) Encoding() encoding.Encoding { return c.encoding }
// Compression returns the compression codecs used by this column.
func (c *Column) Compression() compress.Codec { return c.compression }
// Path of the column in the parquet schema.
func (c *Column) Path() []string { return c.path[1:] }
// Name returns the column name.
func (c *Column) Name() string { return c.schema.Name }
// ID returns column field id
func (c *Column) ID() int { return int(c.schema.FieldID) }
// Columns returns the list of child columns.
//
// The method returns the same slice across multiple calls, the program must
// treat it as a read-only value.
func (c *Column) Columns() []*Column { return c.columns }
// Column returns the child column matching the given name.
func (c *Column) Column(name string) *Column {
for _, child := range c.columns {
if child.Name() == name {
return child
}
}
return nil
}
// Pages returns a reader exposing all pages in this column, across row groups.
func (c *Column) Pages() Pages {
if c.index < 0 {
return emptyPages{}
}
r := &columnPages{
pages: make([]filePages, len(c.file.rowGroups)),
}
for i := range r.pages {
r.pages[i].init(c.file.rowGroups[i].(*fileRowGroup).columns[c.index].(*fileColumnChunk))
}
return r
}
type columnPages struct {
pages []filePages
index int
}
func (c *columnPages) ReadPage() (Page, error) {
for {
if c.index >= len(c.pages) {
return nil, io.EOF
}
p, err := c.pages[c.index].ReadPage()
if err == nil || err != io.EOF {
return p, err
}
c.index++
}
}
func (c *columnPages) SeekToRow(rowIndex int64) error {
c.index = 0
for c.index < len(c.pages) && c.pages[c.index].chunk.rowGroup.NumRows < rowIndex {
rowIndex -= c.pages[c.index].chunk.rowGroup.NumRows
c.index++
}
if c.index < len(c.pages) {
if err := c.pages[c.index].SeekToRow(rowIndex); err != nil {
return err
}
for i := c.index + 1; i < len(c.pages); i++ {
p := &c.pages[i]
if err := p.SeekToRow(0); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
return nil
}
func (c *columnPages) Close() error {
var lastErr error
for i := range c.pages {
if err := c.pages[i].Close(); err != nil {
lastErr = err
}
}
c.pages = nil
c.index = 0
return lastErr
}
// Depth returns the position of the column relative to the root.
func (c *Column) Depth() int { return int(c.depth) }
// MaxRepetitionLevel returns the maximum value of repetition levels on this
// column.
func (c *Column) MaxRepetitionLevel() int { return int(c.maxRepetitionLevel) }
// MaxDefinitionLevel returns the maximum value of definition levels on this
// column.
func (c *Column) MaxDefinitionLevel() int { return int(c.maxDefinitionLevel) }
// Index returns the position of the column in a row. Only leaf columns have a
// column index, the method returns -1 when called on non-leaf columns.
func (c *Column) Index() int { return int(c.index) }
// GoType returns the Go type that best represents the parquet column.
func (c *Column) GoType() reflect.Type { return goTypeOf(c) }
// Value returns the sub-value in base for the child column at the given
// index.
func (c *Column) Value(base reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
return base.MapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(&c.schema.Name).Elem())
}
// String returns a human-readable string representation of the column.
func (c *Column) String() string { return c.path.String() + ": " + sprint(c.Name(), c) }
func (c *Column) forEachLeaf(do func(*Column)) {
if len(c.columns) == 0 {
do(c)
} else {
for _, child := range c.columns {
child.forEachLeaf(do)
}
}
}
func openColumns(file *File) (*Column, error) {
cl := columnLoader{}
c, err := cl.open(file, nil)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Validate that there aren't extra entries in the row group columns,
// which would otherwise indicate that there are dangling data pages
// in the file.
for index, rowGroup := range file.metadata.RowGroups {
if cl.rowGroupColumnIndex != len(rowGroup.Columns) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("row group at index %d contains %d columns but %d were referenced by the column schemas",
index, len(rowGroup.Columns), cl.rowGroupColumnIndex)
}
}
_, err = c.setLevels(0, 0, 0, 0)
return c, err
}
func (c *Column) setLevels(depth, repetition, definition, index int) (int, error) {
if depth > MaxColumnDepth {
return -1, fmt.Errorf("cannot represent parquet columns with more than %d nested levels: %s", MaxColumnDepth, c.path)
}
if index > MaxColumnIndex {
return -1, fmt.Errorf("cannot represent parquet rows with more than %d columns: %s", MaxColumnIndex, c.path)
}
if repetition > MaxRepetitionLevel {
return -1, fmt.Errorf("cannot represent parquet columns with more than %d repetition levels: %s", MaxRepetitionLevel, c.path)
}
if definition > MaxDefinitionLevel {
return -1, fmt.Errorf("cannot represent parquet columns with more than %d definition levels: %s", MaxDefinitionLevel, c.path)
}
switch schemaRepetitionTypeOf(c.schema) {
case format.Optional:
definition++
case format.Repeated:
repetition++
definition++
}
c.depth = int8(depth)
c.maxRepetitionLevel = byte(repetition)
c.maxDefinitionLevel = byte(definition)
depth++
if len(c.columns) > 0 {
c.index = -1
} else {
c.index = int16(index)
index++
}
var err error
for _, child := range c.columns {
if index, err = child.setLevels(depth, repetition, definition, index); err != nil {
return -1, err
}
}
return index, nil
}
type columnLoader struct {
schemaIndex int
columnOrderIndex int
rowGroupColumnIndex int
}
func (cl *columnLoader) open(file *File, path []string) (*Column, error) {
c := &Column{
file: file,
schema: &file.metadata.Schema[cl.schemaIndex],
}
c.path = columnPath(path).append(c.schema.Name)
cl.schemaIndex++
numChildren := int(c.schema.NumChildren)
if numChildren == 0 {
c.typ = schemaElementTypeOf(c.schema)
if cl.columnOrderIndex < len(file.metadata.ColumnOrders) {
c.order = &file.metadata.ColumnOrders[cl.columnOrderIndex]
cl.columnOrderIndex++
}
rowGroups := file.metadata.RowGroups
rowGroupColumnIndex := cl.rowGroupColumnIndex
cl.rowGroupColumnIndex++
c.chunks = make([]*format.ColumnChunk, 0, len(rowGroups))
c.columnIndex = make([]*format.ColumnIndex, 0, len(rowGroups))
c.offsetIndex = make([]*format.OffsetIndex, 0, len(rowGroups))
for i, rowGroup := range rowGroups {
if rowGroupColumnIndex >= len(rowGroup.Columns) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("row group at index %d does not have enough columns", i)
}
c.chunks = append(c.chunks, &rowGroup.Columns[rowGroupColumnIndex])
}
if len(file.columnIndexes) > 0 {
for i := range rowGroups {
if rowGroupColumnIndex >= len(file.columnIndexes) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("row group at index %d does not have enough column index pages", i)
}
c.columnIndex = append(c.columnIndex, &file.columnIndexes[rowGroupColumnIndex])
}
}
if len(file.offsetIndexes) > 0 {
for i := range rowGroups {
if rowGroupColumnIndex >= len(file.offsetIndexes) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("row group at index %d does not have enough offset index pages", i)
}
c.offsetIndex = append(c.offsetIndex, &file.offsetIndexes[rowGroupColumnIndex])
}
}
if len(c.chunks) > 0 {
// Pick the encoding and compression codec of the first chunk.
//
// Technically each column chunk may use a different compression
// codec, and each page of the column chunk might have a different
// encoding. Exposing these details does not provide a lot of value
// to the end user.
//
// Programs that wish to determine the encoding and compression of
// each page of the column should iterate through the pages and read
// the page headers to determine which compression and encodings are
// applied.
for _, encoding := range c.chunks[0].MetaData.Encoding {
if c.encoding == nil {
c.encoding = LookupEncoding(encoding)
}
if encoding != format.Plain && encoding != format.RLE {
c.encoding = LookupEncoding(encoding)
break
}
}
c.compression = LookupCompressionCodec(c.chunks[0].MetaData.Codec)
}
return c, nil
}
c.typ = &groupType{}
if lt := c.schema.LogicalType; lt != nil && lt.Map != nil {
c.typ = &mapType{}
}
c.columns = make([]*Column, numChildren)
for i := range c.columns {
if cl.schemaIndex >= len(file.metadata.Schema) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("column %q has more children than there are schemas in the file: %d > %d",
c.schema.Name, cl.schemaIndex+1, len(file.metadata.Schema))
}
var err error
c.columns[i], err = cl.open(file, c.path)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", c.schema.Name, err)
}
}
return c, nil
}
func schemaElementTypeOf(s *format.SchemaElement) Type {
if lt := s.LogicalType; lt != nil {
// A logical type exists, the Type interface implementations in this
// package are all based on the logical parquet types declared in the
// format sub-package so we can return them directly via a pointer type
// conversion.
switch {
case lt.UTF8 != nil:
return (*stringType)(lt.UTF8)
case lt.Map != nil:
return (*mapType)(lt.Map)
case lt.List != nil:
return (*listType)(lt.List)
case lt.Enum != nil:
return (*enumType)(lt.Enum)
case lt.Decimal != nil:
// A parquet decimal can be one of several different physical types.
if t := s.Type; t != nil {
var typ Type
switch kind := Kind(*s.Type); kind {
case Int32:
typ = Int32Type
case Int64:
typ = Int64Type
case FixedLenByteArray:
if s.TypeLength == nil {
panic("DECIMAL using FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY must specify a length")
}
typ = FixedLenByteArrayType(int(*s.TypeLength))
default:
panic("DECIMAL must be of type INT32, INT64, or FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY but got " + kind.String())
}
return &decimalType{
decimal: *lt.Decimal,
Type: typ,
}
}
case lt.Date != nil:
return (*dateType)(lt.Date)
case lt.Time != nil:
return (*timeType)(lt.Time)
case lt.Timestamp != nil:
return (*timestampType)(lt.Timestamp)
case lt.Integer != nil:
return (*intType)(lt.Integer)
case lt.Unknown != nil:
return (*nullType)(lt.Unknown)
case lt.Json != nil:
return (*jsonType)(lt.Json)
case lt.Bson != nil:
return (*bsonType)(lt.Bson)
case lt.UUID != nil:
return (*uuidType)(lt.UUID)
}
}
if ct := s.ConvertedType; ct != nil {
// This column contains no logical type but has a converted type, it
// was likely created by an older parquet writer. Convert the legacy
// type representation to the equivalent logical parquet type.
switch *ct {
case deprecated.UTF8:
return &stringType{}
case deprecated.Map:
return &mapType{}
case deprecated.MapKeyValue:
return &groupType{}
case deprecated.List:
return &listType{}
case deprecated.Enum:
return &enumType{}
case deprecated.Decimal:
if s.Scale != nil && s.Precision != nil {
// A parquet decimal can be one of several different physical types.
if t := s.Type; t != nil {
var typ Type
switch kind := Kind(*s.Type); kind {
case Int32:
typ = Int32Type
case Int64:
typ = Int64Type
case FixedLenByteArray:
if s.TypeLength == nil {
panic("DECIMAL using FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY must specify a length")
}
typ = FixedLenByteArrayType(int(*s.TypeLength))
case ByteArray:
typ = ByteArrayType
default:
panic("DECIMAL must be of type INT32, INT64, BYTE_ARRAY or FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY but got " + kind.String())
}
return &decimalType{
decimal: format.DecimalType{
Scale: *s.Scale,
Precision: *s.Precision,
},
Type: typ,
}
}
}
case deprecated.Date:
return &dateType{}
case deprecated.TimeMillis:
return &timeType{IsAdjustedToUTC: true, Unit: Millisecond.TimeUnit()}
case deprecated.TimeMicros:
return &timeType{IsAdjustedToUTC: true, Unit: Microsecond.TimeUnit()}
case deprecated.TimestampMillis:
return ×tampType{IsAdjustedToUTC: true, Unit: Millisecond.TimeUnit()}
case deprecated.TimestampMicros:
return ×tampType{IsAdjustedToUTC: true, Unit: Microsecond.TimeUnit()}
case deprecated.Uint8:
return &unsignedIntTypes[0]
case deprecated.Uint16:
return &unsignedIntTypes[1]
case deprecated.Uint32:
return &unsignedIntTypes[2]
case deprecated.Uint64:
return &unsignedIntTypes[3]
case deprecated.Int8:
return &signedIntTypes[0]
case deprecated.Int16:
return &signedIntTypes[1]
case deprecated.Int32:
return &signedIntTypes[2]
case deprecated.Int64:
return &signedIntTypes[3]
case deprecated.Json:
return &jsonType{}
case deprecated.Bson:
return &bsonType{}
case deprecated.Interval:
// TODO
}
}
if t := s.Type; t != nil {
// The column only has a physical type, convert it to one of the
// primitive types supported by this package.
switch kind := Kind(*t); kind {
case Boolean:
return BooleanType
case Int32:
return Int32Type
case Int64:
return Int64Type
case Int96:
return Int96Type
case Float:
return FloatType
case Double:
return DoubleType
case ByteArray:
return ByteArrayType
case FixedLenByteArray:
if s.TypeLength != nil {
return FixedLenByteArrayType(int(*s.TypeLength))
}
}
}
// If we reach this point, we are likely reading a parquet column that was
// written with a non-standard type or is in a newer version of the format
// than this package supports.
return &nullType{}
}
func schemaRepetitionTypeOf(s *format.SchemaElement) format.FieldRepetitionType {
if s.RepetitionType != nil {
return *s.RepetitionType
}
return format.Required
}
func (c *Column) decompress(compressedPageData []byte, uncompressedPageSize int32) (page *buffer, err error) {
page = buffers.get(int(uncompressedPageSize))
page.data, err = c.compression.Decode(page.data, compressedPageData)
if err != nil {
page.unref()
page = nil
}
return page, err
}
// DecodeDataPageV1 decodes a data page from the header, compressed data, and
// optional dictionary passed as arguments.
func (c *Column) DecodeDataPageV1(header DataPageHeaderV1, page []byte, dict Dictionary) (Page, error) {
return c.decodeDataPageV1(header, &buffer{data: page}, dict, -1)
}
func (c *Column) decodeDataPageV1(header DataPageHeaderV1, page *buffer, dict Dictionary, size int32) (Page, error) {
var pageData = page.data
var err error
if isCompressed(c.compression) {
if page, err = c.decompress(pageData, size); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("decompressing data page v1: %w", err)
}
defer page.unref()
pageData = page.data
}
var numValues = int(header.NumValues())
var repetitionLevels *buffer
var definitionLevels *buffer
if c.maxRepetitionLevel > 0 {
encoding := lookupLevelEncoding(header.RepetitionLevelEncoding(), c.maxRepetitionLevel)
repetitionLevels, pageData, err = decodeLevelsV1(encoding, numValues, pageData)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("decoding repetition levels of data page v1: %w", err)
}
defer repetitionLevels.unref()
}
if c.maxDefinitionLevel > 0 {
encoding := lookupLevelEncoding(header.DefinitionLevelEncoding(), c.maxDefinitionLevel)
definitionLevels, pageData, err = decodeLevelsV1(encoding, numValues, pageData)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("decoding definition levels of data page v1: %w", err)
}
defer definitionLevels.unref()
// Data pages v1 did not embed the number of null values,
// so we have to compute it from the definition levels.
numValues -= countLevelsNotEqual(definitionLevels.data, c.maxDefinitionLevel)
}
return c.decodeDataPage(header, numValues, repetitionLevels, definitionLevels, page, pageData, dict)
}
// DecodeDataPageV2 decodes a data page from the header, compressed data, and
// optional dictionary passed as arguments.
func (c *Column) DecodeDataPageV2(header DataPageHeaderV2, page []byte, dict Dictionary) (Page, error) {
return c.decodeDataPageV2(header, &buffer{data: page}, dict, -1)
}
func (c *Column) decodeDataPageV2(header DataPageHeaderV2, page *buffer, dict Dictionary, size int32) (Page, error) {
var numValues = int(header.NumValues())
var pageData = page.data
var err error
var repetitionLevels *buffer
var definitionLevels *buffer
if length := header.RepetitionLevelsByteLength(); length > 0 {
if c.maxRepetitionLevel == 0 {
// In some cases we've observed files which have a non-zero
// repetition level despite the column not being repeated
// (nor nested within a repeated column).
//
// See https://github.com/apache/parquet-testing/pull/24
pageData, err = skipLevelsV2(pageData, length)
} else {
encoding := lookupLevelEncoding(header.RepetitionLevelEncoding(), c.maxRepetitionLevel)
repetitionLevels, pageData, err = decodeLevelsV2(encoding, numValues, pageData, length)
}
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("decoding repetition levels of data page v2: %w", io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
}
if repetitionLevels != nil {
defer repetitionLevels.unref()
}
}
if length := header.DefinitionLevelsByteLength(); length > 0 {
if c.maxDefinitionLevel == 0 {
pageData, err = skipLevelsV2(pageData, length)
} else {
encoding := lookupLevelEncoding(header.DefinitionLevelEncoding(), c.maxDefinitionLevel)
definitionLevels, pageData, err = decodeLevelsV2(encoding, numValues, pageData, length)
}
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("decoding definition levels of data page v2: %w", io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
}
if definitionLevels != nil {
defer definitionLevels.unref()
}
}
if isCompressed(c.compression) && header.IsCompressed() {
if page, err = c.decompress(pageData, size); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("decompressing data page v2: %w", err)
}
defer page.unref()
pageData = page.data
}
numValues -= int(header.NumNulls())
return c.decodeDataPage(header, numValues, repetitionLevels, definitionLevels, page, pageData, dict)
}
func (c *Column) decodeDataPage(header DataPageHeader, numValues int, repetitionLevels, definitionLevels, page *buffer, data []byte, dict Dictionary) (Page, error) {
pageEncoding := LookupEncoding(header.Encoding())
pageType := c.Type()
if isDictionaryEncoding(pageEncoding) {
// In some legacy configurations, the PLAIN_DICTIONARY encoding is used
// on data page headers to indicate that the page contains indexes into
// the dictionary page, but the page is still encoded using the RLE
// encoding in this case, so we convert it to RLE_DICTIONARY.
pageEncoding = &RLEDictionary
pageType = indexedPageType{newIndexedType(pageType, dict)}
}
var vbuf, obuf *buffer
var pageValues []byte
var pageOffsets []uint32
if pageEncoding.CanDecodeInPlace() {
vbuf = page
pageValues = data
} else {
vbuf = buffers.get(pageType.EstimateDecodeSize(numValues, data, pageEncoding))
defer vbuf.unref()
pageValues = vbuf.data
}
// Page offsets not needed when dictionary-encoded
if pageType.Kind() == ByteArray && !isDictionaryEncoding(pageEncoding) {
obuf = buffers.get(4 * (numValues + 1))
defer obuf.unref()
pageOffsets = unsafecast.Slice[uint32](obuf.data)
}
values := pageType.NewValues(pageValues, pageOffsets)
values, err := pageType.Decode(values, data, pageEncoding)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
newPage := pageType.NewPage(c.Index(), numValues, values)
switch {
case c.maxRepetitionLevel > 0:
newPage = newRepeatedPage(
newPage,
c.maxRepetitionLevel,
c.maxDefinitionLevel,
repetitionLevels.data,
definitionLevels.data,
)
case c.maxDefinitionLevel > 0:
newPage = newOptionalPage(
newPage,
c.maxDefinitionLevel,
definitionLevels.data,
)
}
return newBufferedPage(newPage, vbuf, obuf, repetitionLevels, definitionLevels), nil
}
func decodeLevelsV1(enc encoding.Encoding, numValues int, data []byte) (*buffer, []byte, error) {
if len(data) < 4 {
return nil, data, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
}
i := 4
j := 4 + int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data))
if j > len(data) {
return nil, data, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
}
levels, err := decodeLevels(enc, numValues, data[i:j])
return levels, data[j:], err
}
func decodeLevelsV2(enc encoding.Encoding, numValues int, data []byte, length int64) (*buffer, []byte, error) {
levels, err := decodeLevels(enc, numValues, data[:length])
return levels, data[length:], err
}
func decodeLevels(enc encoding.Encoding, numValues int, data []byte) (levels *buffer, err error) {
levels = buffers.get(numValues)
levels.data, err = enc.DecodeLevels(levels.data, data)
if err != nil {
levels.unref()
levels = nil
} else {
switch {
case len(levels.data) < numValues:
err = fmt.Errorf("decoding level expected %d values but got only %d", numValues, len(levels.data))
case len(levels.data) > numValues:
levels.data = levels.data[:numValues]
}
}
return levels, err
}
func skipLevelsV2(data []byte, length int64) ([]byte, error) {
if length >= int64(len(data)) {
return data, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
}
return data[length:], nil
}
// DecodeDictionary decodes a data page from the header and compressed data
// passed as arguments.
func (c *Column) DecodeDictionary(header DictionaryPageHeader, page []byte) (Dictionary, error) {
return c.decodeDictionary(header, &buffer{data: page}, -1)
}
func (c *Column) decodeDictionary(header DictionaryPageHeader, page *buffer, size int32) (Dictionary, error) {
pageData := page.data
if isCompressed(c.compression) {
var err error
if page, err = c.decompress(pageData, size); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("decompressing dictionary page: %w", err)
}
defer page.unref()
pageData = page.data
}
pageType := c.Type()
pageEncoding := header.Encoding()
if pageEncoding == format.PlainDictionary {
pageEncoding = format.Plain
}
// Dictionaries always have PLAIN encoding, so we need to allocate offsets for the decoded page.
numValues := int(header.NumValues())
dictBufferSize := pageType.EstimateDecodeSize(numValues, pageData, LookupEncoding(pageEncoding))
values := pageType.NewValues(make([]byte, 0, dictBufferSize), make([]uint32, 0, numValues))
values, err := pageType.Decode(values, pageData, LookupEncoding(pageEncoding))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return pageType.NewDictionary(int(c.index), numValues, values), nil
}
var (
_ Node = (*Column)(nil)
)