From d968614461e91d8b1bb36c8e7ad59bb26d7c23a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan <jonathanfmach@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2024 20:14:40 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Experiment #3: Try FastDepends lib

---
 .../.devcontainer/devcontainer.json           |   3 +-
 flask-dependency-injection-poc/README.md      |   7 +-
 .../app_3_fastdepends.py                      | 157 ++++++++++
 flask-dependency-injection-poc/poetry.lock    | 286 +++++++++++-------
 flask-dependency-injection-poc/pyproject.toml |   6 +-
 .../test_app_3_fastdepends.py                 |  38 +++
 6 files changed, 384 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 flask-dependency-injection-poc/app_3_fastdepends.py
 create mode 100644 flask-dependency-injection-poc/test_app_3_fastdepends.py

diff --git a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
index 4039104..27728b8 100644
--- a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
             "extensions":[
 				"ms-python.python",
 				"njpwerner.autodocstring",
-				"rangav.vscode-thunder-client"
+				"rangav.vscode-thunder-client",
+				"charliermarsh.ruff"
 			]
             }
         }
diff --git a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/README.md b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/README.md
index fd3d51a..66e9c86 100644
--- a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/README.md
+++ b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ Experiment with alternative approaches to inject dependencies in a Flask applica
 
 
 
-## Journal log
+## Experimentation log
+#### `@2024-11-19`: Experiment #3: Try FastDepends lib
+Made good progress trying to inject depedencies, as well as validating requests with Pydantic. 
+Currently facing problems with dependency overriding.
+See [app_3_fastdepends.py](./app_3_fastdepends.py).
+
 #### `2024-11-19`  Challenge #2: Flask-Pydantic conflict with Flask-Injector
 Problem: Flask-Pydantic tries to validate the type of injected dependecy.
 ...
diff --git a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/app_3_fastdepends.py b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/app_3_fastdepends.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0566375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/app_3_fastdepends.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+from functools import wraps
+from typing import Annotated, Callable
+from flask import Blueprint, Flask
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from fast_depends import inject, Depends
+from fast_depends.library import CustomField
+
+# schemas
+
+
+class WebhookRequest(BaseModel):
+    payload: dict
+
+
+# services
+class WebhookService:
+    def process_webhook(self, payload):
+        print("Processing webhook:", payload)
+
+
+# decorator that injects user_id into the view
+def include_user_id():
+    def decorator(f: Callable) -> Callable:
+        """
+        When you decorate a function with @wraps(original_function), it ensures that:
+        1.	The wrapped function (wrapper) retains the metadata (such as the name, docstring, and attributes) of the original function (f).
+        2.	The wrapped function looks like the original function in tools and frameworks that inspect function metadata, such as Flask’s app.view_functions.
+        """
+
+        @wraps(f)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            user_id = "123"
+            return f(user_id, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+# blueprints
+webhooks_api = Blueprint("webhooks_api", __name__)
+
+
+def get_webhook_service():
+    return WebhookService()
+
+
+# ✅ Experiment #1: Ability to inject the service into the view
+@webhooks_api.route("/exp1", methods=["GET"])
+@inject
+def my_webhook(webhook_service=Depends(get_webhook_service)):
+    print(webhook_service.process_webhook({"foo": "bar"}))
+    return "Webhook processed successfully"
+
+
+class Validate(CustomField):
+    def get_body_dict(self):
+        # inspired on flask_pydantic: https://github.com/bauerji/flask-pydantic/blob/8595fa8b5513a336c9c679829f49ddc20f56377d/flask_pydantic/core.py#L87
+        from flask import request
+
+        data = request.get_json()
+        if data is None:
+            return {}
+        return data
+
+    def use(self, /, **kwargs):
+        if self.param_name == "body":
+            kwargs = super().use(**kwargs)
+            kwargs["body"] = self.get_body_dict()
+            return kwargs
+
+
+# ✅ Experiment #1.2: Request validation using Pydantic. Based on: https://lancetnik.github.io/FastDepends/#usage
+# 💥 Challenge A: `@inject` (see source code) can't see the request body because Flask doesn't pass it to the view (see `flask/app.py/Flask.dispatch_request` source code)
+#       and (of course), the library doesn't have Flask as a dependency.
+#       ✅ Solved: we need to use a custom field that will extract the request body from Flask.request,
+#       implemented through the `Validate` class
+@webhooks_api.route("/exp1.2", methods=["POST"])
+@inject
+def request_validation(body: WebhookRequest = Validate()):
+    """
+    @inject decorator plays multiple roles at the same time:
+    - resolve Depends classes
+    - cast types according to Python annotation
+    - validate incoming parameters using pydantic
+    """
+    print(body)
+    return "Webhook processed successfully"
+
+
+# ✅ Experiment #2: DI injection + request validation
+#   Discovery A: can use type aliasing to make the code more readable, less verbose, and more maintainable!
+#       Eg: WebhooksService = Annotated[WebhookService, Depends(get_webhook_service)]
+WebhooksService = Annotated[WebhookService, Depends(get_webhook_service)]
+
+
+@webhooks_api.route("/exp2", methods=["POST"])
+@inject
+def my_webhook2(
+    # webhooks_service: WebhooksService, # 💥 see Challenge #3/A
+    webhooks_service: WebhookService = Depends(get_webhook_service),
+    body: WebhookRequest = Validate(),
+):
+    webhooks_service.process_webhook(body.payload)
+    return "Webhook processed successfully"
+
+
+# Experiment #3: Dependencies Overriding (Testing) - see test_app.py
+# 💥 Challenge A: override seems to work with Exp#1, which uses `Depends(get_webhook_service)`, but not
+#       with alias: `WebhooksService = Annotated[WebhookService, Depends(get_webhook_service)]`, nor `webhooks_service: WebhookService = Depends(get_webhook_service)`
+#
+#       Error: pydantic_core._pydantic_core.ValidationError: 1 validation error for my_webhook2
+#       webhooks_service
+#       Input should be an instance of WebhookService [type=is_instance_of, input_value=<test_app_3_fastdepends.g...bject at 0xffff9bc4eaa0>, input_type=get_fake_webhook_service.<locals>.FakeWebhookService]
+#       For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.9/v/is_instance_of
+#       (The same issue doesn't happen on FastAPI)
+#       
+#       @2024-11-24: Opened issue: https://github.com/Lancetnik/FastDepends/issues/150
+#
+
+def create_app():
+    app = Flask(__name__)
+
+    @app.route("/")
+    def hello_world():
+        return """
+        <html>
+            <body>
+                <form id="myForm">
+                    <input type="submit" value="Submit to /exp2">
+                </form>
+                <script>
+                    document.getElementById('myForm').addEventListener('submit', function(event) {
+                        event.preventDefault();
+                        fetch('/exp2', {
+                            method: 'POST',
+                            headers: {
+                                'Content-Type': 'application/json'
+                            },
+                            body: JSON.stringify({"payload": {"foo": "bar"}})
+                        }).then(response => response.json()).then(data => {
+                            console.log(data);
+                        });
+                    });
+                </script>
+            </body>
+        </html>
+        """
+
+    app.register_blueprint(webhooks_api)
+
+    return app
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    app = create_app()
+    app.run(debug=True)
diff --git a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/poetry.lock b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/poetry.lock
index 22b5955..a6e870a 100644
--- a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/poetry.lock
+++ b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/poetry.lock
@@ -11,6 +11,28 @@ files = [
     {file = "annotated_types-0.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:aff07c09a53a08bc8cfccb9c85b05f1aa9a2a6f23728d790723543408344ce89"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "anyio"
+version = "4.6.2.post1"
+description = "High level compatibility layer for multiple asynchronous event loop implementations"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+files = [
+    {file = "anyio-4.6.2.post1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6d170c36fba3bdd840c73d3868c1e777e33676a69c3a72cf0a0d5d6d8009b61d"},
+    {file = "anyio-4.6.2.post1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4c8bc31ccdb51c7f7bd251f51c609e038d63e34219b44aa86e47576389880b4c"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+exceptiongroup = {version = ">=1.0.2", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+idna = ">=2.8"
+sniffio = ">=1.1"
+typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+doc = ["Sphinx (>=7.4,<8.0)", "packaging", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.2.0)", "sphinx-rtd-theme"]
+test = ["anyio[trio]", "coverage[toml] (>=7)", "exceptiongroup (>=1.2.0)", "hypothesis (>=4.0)", "psutil (>=5.9)", "pytest (>=7.0)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6.1)", "trustme", "truststore (>=0.9.1)", "uvloop (>=0.21.0b1)"]
+trio = ["trio (>=0.26.1)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "blinker"
 version = "1.9.0"
@@ -61,6 +83,21 @@ files = [
 [package.extras]
 test = ["pytest (>=6)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fast-depends"
+version = "2.4.12"
+description = "FastDepends - extracted and cleared from HTTP domain logic FastAPI Dependency Injection System. Async and sync are both supported."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "fast_depends-2.4.12-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9e5d110ddc962329e46c9b35e5fe65655984247a13ee3ca5a33186db7d2d75c2"},
+    {file = "fast_depends-2.4.12.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9393e6de827f7afa0141e54fa9553b737396aaf06bd0040e159d1f790487b16d"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+anyio = ">=3.0.0,<5.0.0"
+pydantic = ">=1.7.4,<1.8 || >1.8,<1.8.1 || >1.8.1,<3.0.0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "flask"
 version = "3.1.0"
@@ -84,31 +121,29 @@ async = ["asgiref (>=3.2)"]
 dotenv = ["python-dotenv"]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "Flask-Injector"
+name = "flask-injector"
 version = "0.15.0"
 description = "Adds Injector, a Dependency Injection framework, support to Flask."
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
-files = []
-develop = true
+files = [
+    {file = "Flask-Injector-0.15.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:567c69da7657b96565db990bb7c87cc0acf04e383714341954902f1ef85c5875"},
+    {file = "Flask_Injector-0.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9908904ab8d8830e5160b274fd5dd73453741c9c618d3fc6deb2b08d894f4ece"},
+]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 Flask = ">=2.2.0"
 injector = ">=0.20.0"
 
-[package.source]
-type = "directory"
-url = "libs/flask_injector"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "flask-openapi3"
-version = "4.0.2"
+version = "4.0.3"
 description = "Generate REST API and OpenAPI documentation for your Flask project."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "flask_openapi3-4.0.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c748b1e9b10c15164da7f70724d519541d8c479ff093ae94b2ecb9092012dcd2"},
-    {file = "flask_openapi3-4.0.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:13c2eaad95afe847a24bceb044f85b579cfafa9eddff66c0f9fb649dd6b9da07"},
+    {file = "flask_openapi3-4.0.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a05312a238bac25d35d6d20ec09d2e78c7a6ff85d453d26faba546c91895e661"},
+    {file = "flask_openapi3-4.0.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e7932284263083eeb1f35c6657f6a4d1bb98be76f18f0509bd230e67f9854467"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -157,6 +192,20 @@ files = [
 Flask = "*"
 pydantic = ">=2.0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "idna"
+version = "3.10"
+description = "Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+files = [
+    {file = "idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:946d195a0d259cbba61165e88e65941f16e9b36ea6ddb97f00452bae8b1287d3"},
+    {file = "idna-3.10.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:12f65c9b470abda6dc35cf8e63cc574b1c52b11df2c86030af0ac09b01b13ea9"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+all = ["flake8 (>=7.1.1)", "mypy (>=1.11.2)", "pytest (>=8.3.2)", "ruff (>=0.6.2)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "iniconfig"
 version = "2.0.0"
@@ -308,22 +357,19 @@ testing = ["pytest", "pytest-benchmark"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pydantic"
-version = "2.9.2"
+version = "2.10.1"
 description = "Data validation using Python type hints"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "pydantic-2.9.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f048cec7b26778210e28a0459867920654d48e5e62db0958433636cde4254f12"},
-    {file = "pydantic-2.9.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d155cef71265d1e9807ed1c32b4c8deec042a44a50a4188b25ac67ecd81a9c0f"},
+    {file = "pydantic-2.10.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a8d20db84de64cf4a7d59e899c2caf0fe9d660c7cfc482528e7020d7dd189a7e"},
+    {file = "pydantic-2.10.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a4daca2dc0aa429555e0656d6bf94873a7dc5f54ee42b1f5873d666fb3f35560"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 annotated-types = ">=0.6.0"
-pydantic-core = "2.23.4"
-typing-extensions = [
-    {version = ">=4.12.2", markers = "python_version >= \"3.13\""},
-    {version = ">=4.6.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.13\""},
-]
+pydantic-core = "2.27.1"
+typing-extensions = ">=4.12.2"
 
 [package.extras]
 email = ["email-validator (>=2.0.0)"]
@@ -331,100 +377,111 @@ timezone = ["tzdata"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pydantic-core"
-version = "2.23.4"
+version = "2.27.1"
 description = "Core functionality for Pydantic validation and serialization"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "pydantic_core-2.23.4-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:b10bd51f823d891193d4717448fab065733958bdb6a6b351967bd349d48d5c9b"},
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -452,6 +509,17 @@ tomli = {version = ">=1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 [package.extras]
 dev = ["argcomplete", "attrs (>=19.2)", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "pygments (>=2.7.2)", "requests", "setuptools", "xmlschema"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sniffio"
+version = "1.3.1"
+description = "Sniff out which async library your code is running under"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+files = [
+    {file = "sniffio-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2f6da418d1f1e0fddd844478f41680e794e6051915791a034ff65e5f100525a2"},
+    {file = "sniffio-1.3.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f4324edc670a0f49750a81b895f35c3adb843cca46f0530f79fc1babb23789dc"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tomli"
 version = "2.1.0"
@@ -494,4 +562,4 @@ watchdog = ["watchdog (>=2.3)"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = "^3.10"
-content-hash = "3be680958c6ce141998dd2797bc62b47419a3c3e14a4fa8de357d8ecccd37fcb"
+content-hash = "45e26da800abb9540419325f2a282c425277a5dd3cce1e611e74d182612e5864"
diff --git a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/pyproject.toml b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/pyproject.toml
index 4caa5e0..8a09bff 100644
--- a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/pyproject.toml
+++ b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/pyproject.toml
@@ -2,16 +2,18 @@
 name = "flask-dependency-injection-poc"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Experimenting with dependency injection and Flask"
-authors = ["Jonathan <jonathanfmach@gmail.com>"]
+package-mode = false
 readme = "README.md"
 
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
 python = "^3.10"
 flask = "^3.1.0"
 flask-pydantic = "^0.12.0"
-flask-injector = {path = "libs/flask_injector", develop = true}
+# flask-injector = {path = "libs/flask_injector", develop = true}
 pytest = "^8.3.3"
 flask-openapi3 = {extras = ["swagger"], version = "^4.0.2"}
+fast-depends = "^2.4.12"
+flask-injector = "^0.15.0"
 
 
 [build-system]
diff --git a/flask-dependency-injection-poc/test_app_3_fastdepends.py b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/test_app_3_fastdepends.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f2c739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flask-dependency-injection-poc/test_app_3_fastdepends.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import pytest
+from fast_depends import dependency_provider, inject, Depends
+
+from app import WebhookService
+from app_3_fastdepends import create_app, get_webhook_service
+
+
+class FakeWebhookService(WebhookService):
+    def process_webhook(self, payload):
+        print("Fake processing webhook:", payload)
+
+
+def get_fake_webhook_service():
+    return FakeWebhookService()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def test_app():
+    flask_app = create_app()
+
+    # Override the dependency
+    dependency_provider.override(get_webhook_service, get_fake_webhook_service)
+    # or
+    # dependency_provider.dependency_overrides[original_dependency] = override_dependency
+
+    with flask_app.test_client() as test_client:
+        yield test_client
+
+
+def test_dependency_overriding(test_app):
+    res = test_app.get("/exp1")
+    assert res.status_code == 200, res.data
+
+
+def test_dependency_overriding_exp2(test_app):
+    # Exp2: Uses Annotated
+    res = test_app.post("/exp2", json={"payload": {"foo": "bar"}})
+    assert res.status_code == 200, res.data