diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d7cd6accaa41..01481ec5f85f 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 ### Features
 
+- `[jest-core]` Add support for `testResultsProcessor` written in ESM ([#12006](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12006))
+
 ### Fixes
 
 - `[expect]` Allow again `expect.Matchers` generic with single value ([#11986](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/11986))
diff --git a/e2e/__tests__/testResultsProcessor.test.ts b/e2e/__tests__/testResultsProcessor.test.ts
index cd7d89e6f592..c3724b6fe92e 100644
--- a/e2e/__tests__/testResultsProcessor.test.ts
+++ b/e2e/__tests__/testResultsProcessor.test.ts
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@
  */
 
 import * as path from 'path';
+import {onNodeVersions} from '@jest/test-utils';
 import {json as runWithJson} from '../runJest';
 
-test('testNamePattern', () => {
+test('testResultsProcessor', () => {
   const processorPath = path.resolve(
     __dirname,
     '../test-results-processor/processor.js',
@@ -19,3 +20,18 @@ test('testNamePattern', () => {
   ]);
   expect(json.processed).toBe(true);
 });
+
+// The versions where vm.Module exists and commonjs with "exports" is not broken
+onNodeVersions('>=12.16.0', () => {
+  test('testResultsProcessor written in ESM', () => {
+    const processorPath = path.resolve(
+      __dirname,
+      '../test-results-processor/processor.mjs',
+    );
+    const {json} = runWithJson('test-results-processor', [
+      '--json',
+      `--testResultsProcessor=${processorPath}`,
+    ]);
+    expect(json.processed).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/e2e/test-results-processor/processor.mjs b/e2e/test-results-processor/processor.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..be9679b3353d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/test-results-processor/processor.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+export default function (results) {
+  results.processed = true;
+  return results;
+}
diff --git a/packages/jest-core/src/runJest.ts b/packages/jest-core/src/runJest.ts
index 636c28993385..a7c8f2fb238a 100644
--- a/packages/jest-core/src/runJest.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-core/src/runJest.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {CustomConsole} from '@jest/console';
 import {
   AggregatedResult,
   Test,
+  TestResultsProcessor,
   formatTestResults,
   makeEmptyAggregatedTestResult,
 } from '@jest/test-result';
@@ -96,7 +97,9 @@ const processResults = async (
   }
 
   if (testResultsProcessor) {
-    runResults = require(testResultsProcessor)(runResults);
+    runResults = (
+      await requireOrImportModule<TestResultsProcessor>(testResultsProcessor)
+    )(runResults);
   }
   if (isJSON) {
     if (outputFile) {
diff --git a/packages/jest-test-result/src/index.ts b/packages/jest-test-result/src/index.ts
index 97c2def09908..26edbc397fa6 100644
--- a/packages/jest-test-result/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-test-result/src/index.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export type {
   TestEvents,
   TestFileEvent,
   TestResult,
+  TestResultsProcessor,
   TestCaseResult,
   V8CoverageResult,
 } from './types';
diff --git a/packages/jest-test-result/src/types.ts b/packages/jest-test-result/src/types.ts
index 94c23cf72cd7..d911ac818fbf 100644
--- a/packages/jest-test-result/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-test-result/src/types.ts
@@ -78,6 +78,10 @@ export type AggregatedResult = AggregatedResultWithoutCoverage & {
   coverageMap?: CoverageMap | null;
 };
 
+export type TestResultsProcessor = (
+  results: AggregatedResult,
+) => AggregatedResult;
+
 export type Suite = {
   title: string;
   suites: Array<Suite>;