diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/edge.fast.frag.glsl b/examples/extra-large-graphs/edge.fast.frag.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21bece896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/edge.fast.frag.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+precision mediump float;
+
+varying vec4 v_color;
+
+void main(void) {
+  gl_FragColor = v_color;
+}
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/edge.fast.vert.glsl b/examples/extra-large-graphs/edge.fast.vert.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac4db39cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/edge.fast.vert.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+attribute vec2 a_position;
+attribute vec4 a_color;
+
+uniform mat3 u_matrix;
+
+varying vec4 v_color;
+
+void main() {
+  // Scale from [[-1 1] [-1 1]] to the container:
+  gl_Position = vec4(
+    (u_matrix * vec3(a_position, 1)).xy,
+    0,
+    1
+  );
+
+  // Extract the color:
+  v_color = a_color;
+}
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/edge.gpu.ts b/examples/extra-large-graphs/edge.gpu.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09a55822a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/edge.gpu.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/**
+ * Sigma.js WebGL Renderer Fast Edge Program
+ * ==========================================
+ *
+ * Program rendering edges using GL_LINES which is presumably very fast but
+ * won't render thickness correctly on some GPUs and has some quirks.
+ * @module
+ */
+import { AbstractEdgeProgram }  from "sigma/rendering/webgl/programs/common/edge";
+import { RenderParams } from "sigma/rendering/webgl/programs/common/program";
+
+import fragmentShaderSource from "./edge.fast.frag.glsl";
+import vertexShaderSource from "./edge.fast.vert.glsl";
+
+let POINTS = 2;
+const ATTRIBUTES = 3;
+
+export default class EdgeGpuProgram extends AbstractEdgeProgram {
+  positionLocation: GLint;
+  colorLocation: GLint;
+  matrixLocation: WebGLUniformLocation;
+
+  constructor(gl: WebGLRenderingContext) {
+    super(gl, vertexShaderSource, fragmentShaderSource, POINTS, ATTRIBUTES);
+
+    // Locations:
+    this.positionLocation = gl.getAttribLocation(this.program, "a_position");
+    this.colorLocation = gl.getAttribLocation(this.program, "a_color");
+
+    // Uniform locations:
+    const matrixLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(this.program, "u_matrix");
+    if (matrixLocation === null) throw new Error("EdgeGpuProgram: error while getting matrixLocation");
+    this.matrixLocation = matrixLocation;
+
+    this.bind();
+  }
+
+  bind(): void {
+    const gl = this.gl;
+
+    // Bindings
+    gl.enableVertexAttribArray(this.positionLocation);
+    gl.enableVertexAttribArray(this.colorLocation);
+
+    gl.vertexAttribPointer(
+      this.positionLocation,
+      2,
+      gl.FLOAT,
+      false,
+      this.attributes * Float32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT,
+      0,
+    );
+    gl.vertexAttribPointer(
+      this.colorLocation,
+      4,
+      gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+      true,
+      this.attributes * Float32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT,
+      8,
+    );
+  }
+
+  computeIndices(): void {
+    //nothing to do
+  }
+
+  process(
+    sourceData,
+    targetData,
+    data,
+    hidden: boolean,
+    offset: number,
+  ): void {
+    this.array = data.buffer.getChild('edges').toArray();
+    POINTS = this.array.length / ATTRIBUTES;
+    this.points = POINTS;
+  }
+
+  render(params: RenderParams): void {
+    if (this.hasNothingToRender()) return;
+
+    const gl = this.gl;
+    const program = this.program;
+
+    gl.useProgram(program);
+
+    gl.uniformMatrix3fv(this.matrixLocation, false, params.matrix);
+
+    gl.drawArrays(gl.LINES, 0, this.array.length / ATTRIBUTES);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/generate-graph.js b/examples/extra-large-graphs/generate-graph.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..938f32c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/generate-graph.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * This example aims at showcasing sigma's performances.
+ */
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const seedrandom = require('seedrandom');
+
+const {Graph} = require('graphology');
+
+const circlepack = require( "graphology-layout/circlepack");
+const clusters = require( "graphology-generators/random/clusters");
+
+const rng = seedrandom("sigma");
+const state = {
+  order: 1000000,
+  size: 2000000,
+  clusters: 3,
+  edgesRenderer: 'edges-fast'
+};
+
+// 1. Generate a graph:
+const graph = clusters(Graph, { ...state, rng });
+circlepack.assign(graph, {
+  hierarchyAttributes: ["cluster"],
+});
+const colors = {};
+for (let i = 0; i < +state.clusters; i++) {
+  colors[i] = "#" + Math.floor(rng() * 16777215).toString(16);
+}
+let i = 0;
+graph.forEachNode((node, { cluster }) => {
+  graph.mergeNodeAttributes(node, {
+    size: graph.degree(node) / 3,
+    label: `Node n°${++i}, in cluster n°${cluster}`,
+    color: colors[cluster + ""],
+  });
+});
+
+// 2. Save the graph:
+fs.writeFile('./large-graph.json', JSON.stringify(graph.toJSON(), {}, 2), (err) => {
+  if(err) {
+    console.log('unable to savfe file');
+  } else {
+    console.log('file saved?');
+  }
+});
+console.log('Finished step 2');
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/generate-graph.ts b/examples/extra-large-graphs/generate-graph.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67cda889c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/generate-graph.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * This example aims at showcasing sigma's performances.
+ */
+
+const fs         = require('fs');
+const seedrandom = require('seedrandom');
+
+const {Graph} = require('graphology');
+
+const circlepack  = require('graphology-layout/circlepack');
+const clusters    = require('graphology-generators/random/clusters');
+const FA2Layout   = require('graphology-layout-forceatlas2/worker');
+const forceAtlas2 = require('graphology-layout-forceatlas2');
+
+const rng   = seedrandom('sigma');
+const state = {
+  order: parseInt(process.argv[2]),
+  size: parseInt(process.argv[3]),
+  clusters: parseInt(process.argv[4]),
+  edgesRenderer: 'edges-fast'
+};
+
+// 1. Generate a graph:
+const graph = clusters(Graph, {...state, rng});
+circlepack.assign(graph, {
+  hierarchyAttributes: ['cluster'],
+});
+const colors = {};
+for (let i = 0; i < +state.clusters; i++) {
+  colors[i] = '#' + Math.floor(rng() * 16777215).toString(16);
+}
+let i = 0;
+graph.forEachNode((node, {cluster}) => {
+  graph.mergeNodeAttributes(node, {
+    size: graph.degree(node),
+    label: `Node n°${++i}, in cluster n°${cluster}`,
+    color: colors[cluster + ''],
+  });
+});
+
+// 2. Save the graph:
+fs.writeFile(process.argv[5], JSON.stringify(graph.toJSON(), null, 2), (err) => {
+  if (err) {
+    console.log('unable to save file');
+  } else {
+    console.log('file saved?');
+  }
+});
+console.log('Finished step 2');
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/gpu-loader.ts b/examples/extra-large-graphs/gpu-loader.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffb6f6648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/gpu-loader.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * This example aims at showcasing sigma's performances.
+ */
+
+import arrow from 'apache-arrow';
+
+async function request(obj) {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+    xhr.open(obj.method || 'GET', obj.url || obj);
+    if (obj.headers) {
+      Object.keys(obj.headers).forEach(key => { xhr.setRequestHeader(key, obj.headers[key]); });
+    }
+    xhr.onload = () => {
+      try {
+        if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
+          resolve(xhr.response);
+        } else {
+          reject(xhr.statusText);
+        }
+      } catch (e) { reject(e); }
+    };
+    xhr.onerror = () => reject(xhr.statusText);
+    xhr.send(obj.body);
+  });
+}
+
+const SERVER             = 'http://localhost:3010';
+const DATASET_ROUTE      = '/graphology/read_large_demo?filename=../../public/fewer-edges.json';
+const NODES_ROUTE        = '/graphology/get_column/nodes';
+const NODES_BOUNDS_ROUTE = '/graphology/nodes/bounds';
+const NODES_BUFFER_ROUTE = '/graphology/nodes';
+const EDGES_BUFFER_ROUTE = '/graphology/edges';
+const TABLE_ROUTE        = '/graphology/get_table';
+
+const GpuLoader = {
+  init: async ()          => request({method: 'POST', url: SERVER + DATASET_ROUTE, mode: 'no-cors'}),
+  getTable: async (table) => {
+    const result = await fetch(SERVER + TABLE_ROUTE + '/' + table, {method: 'GET', headers: {'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*'}})
+    return arrow.tableFromIPC(result);
+  },
+  getColumn: async (table, column) => {
+    const table_route  = {'nodes': '/graphology/get_column/nodes/'}[table];
+    const column_route = SERVER + table_route + column;
+    const result = await fetch(column_route, {method: 'GET', headers: {'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*'}});
+    return arrow.tableFromIPC(result);
+  },
+  getNodesBounds: async () => request(SERVER + NODES_BOUNDS_ROUTE),
+  getNodesBuffer: async () => {
+    const route = SERVER + NODES_BUFFER_ROUTE;
+    const result = await fetch(route, {method: 'GET', headers: {'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*'}});
+    return arrow.tableFromIPC(result);
+  },
+  getEdgesBuffer: async () => {
+    const route = SERVER + EDGES_BUFFER_ROUTE;
+    const result = await fetch(route, {method: 'GET', headers: {'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*'}});
+    return arrow.tableFromIPC(result);
+  }
+};
+
+export default GpuLoader;
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/index.html b/examples/extra-large-graphs/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f5bcf723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>Sigma example: Performances showcase</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <style>
+      html,
+      body,
+      #sigma-container {
+        width: 100%;
+        height: 100%;
+        margin: 0;
+        padding: 0;
+        overflow: hidden;
+        font-family: sans-serif;
+      }
+      #buttons {
+        position: absolute;
+        right: 1em;
+        top: 1em;
+        display: flex;
+      }
+
+      input[type="number"] {
+        width: 5em;
+      }
+      h4 {
+        margin: 0;
+      }
+      fieldset {
+        border: none;
+      }
+      h4,
+      fieldset > div {
+        margin-bottom: 0.2em;
+      }
+      button {
+        margin-right: 1em;
+        display: inline-block;
+        text-align: center;
+        background: white;
+        outline: none;
+        border: 1px solid dimgrey;
+        border-radius: 2px;
+        cursor: pointer;
+      }
+    </style>
+    <div id="sigma-container"></div>
+    <div id="buttons">
+      <form>
+        <fieldset>
+          <h4>Graph</h4>
+          <div>
+            <input type="number" id="order" name="order" min="2" step="1" value="5000" />
+            <label for="order">Number of nodes</label>
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <input type="number" id="size" name="size" min="1" step="1" value="10000" />
+            <label for="size">Number of edges</label>
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <input type="number" id="clusters" name="clusters" min="1" step="1" value="3" />
+            <label for="clusters">Number of clusters</label>
+          </div>
+        </fieldset>
+        <fieldset>
+          <h4>Edges renderer</h4>
+          <div>
+            <input type="radio" name="edges-renderer" id="edges-default" value="edges-default" />
+            <label for="edges-default">Default</label>
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <input type="radio" name="edges-renderer" id="edges-fast" value="edges-fast" checked />
+            <label for="edges-fast">Faster (only 1px thick edges)</label>
+          </div>
+        </fieldset>
+        <fieldset>
+          <button type="submit">Reset graph</button>
+          <button type="button" id="fa2">Start layout ▶</button>
+        </fieldset>
+      </form>
+    </div>
+    <script src="build/bundle.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/index.ts b/examples/extra-large-graphs/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56b755d10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/**
+ * This example aims at showcasing sigma's performances.
+ */
+
+import {Table} from 'apache-arrow';
+import Graph from 'graphology';
+import clusters from 'graphology-generators/random/clusters';
+import forceAtlas2 from 'graphology-layout-forceatlas2';
+import FA2Layout from 'graphology-layout-forceatlas2/worker';
+import circlepack from 'graphology-layout/circlepack';
+import seedrandom from 'seedrandom';
+import Sigma from 'sigma';
+import Settings from 'sigma';
+import NodeDisplayData from 'sigma';
+import EdgesDefaultProgram from 'sigma/rendering/webgl/programs/edge';
+import EdgesFastProgram from 'sigma/rendering/webgl/programs/edge.fast';
+import {ConsoleLogger} from 'typedoc/dist/lib/utils';
+
+import EdgesGpuProgram from './edge.gpu';
+import gpuLoader from './gpu-loader';
+import NodesGpuProgram from './node.gpu';
+import RapidsGraphologyGraph from './rapids-graph'
+
+const rng = seedrandom('sigma');
+(async function() {
+
+  // 2. Read form values to build a full state:
+  const state = {
+    order: +document.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('#order')?.value,
+    size: +document.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('#size')?.value,
+    clusters: +document.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('#clusters')?.value,
+    edgesRenderer:
+      document.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('[name="edges-renderer"]:checked')?.value,
+  };
+
+  // 3. Load the graph from node-rapids
+  await gpuLoader.init();
+  const bounds  = await gpuLoader.getNodesBounds();
+  const nodes   = await gpuLoader.getNodesBuffer();
+  const edges   = await gpuLoader.getEdgesBuffer();
+  const options = await gpuLoader.getTable('options');
+  const graph   = new RapidsGraphologyGraph(nodes, edges, options);
+  graph.setExtent(JSON.parse(bounds.toString()).bounds);
+
+  // 3. Generate a graph:
+  /*
+  const small_graph = clusters(Graph, {...state, rng});
+  circlepack.assign(small_graph, {
+    hierarchyAttributes: ['cluster'],
+  });
+  const colors: Record<string, string> = {};
+  for (let i = 0; i < +state.clusters; i++) {
+    colors[i] = '#' + Math.floor(rng() * 16777215).toString(16);
+  }
+  let i = 0;
+  small_graph.forEachNode((node, {cluster}) => {small_graph.mergeNodeAttributes(node, {
+                            size: small_graph.degree(node) * 4,
+                            label: `Node n°${++i}, in cluster n°${cluster}`,
+                            color: colors[cluster + ''],
+                          })});
+                          */
+
+  // create random clusters from random source
+  // set the graph to have cluster attributes
+  // create n random colors
+  // for each node in the cluster
+  //   set the size based on its connectedness
+  //   give it an increasing label index
+  //   set the color based on the cluster
+
+  // 4. Render the graph:
+  const container = document.getElementById('sigma-container') as HTMLElement;
+  const renderer  = new Sigma(graph, container, {
+    defaultEdgeColor: '#e6e6e6',
+    defaultEdgeType: state.edgesRenderer,
+    edgeProgramClasses: {
+      'edges-default': EdgesGpuProgram,
+      'edges-fast': EdgesGpuProgram,
+    },
+    nodeProgramClasses: {
+      'circle': NodesGpuProgram,
+    },
+  });
+  // Object.defineProperty(renderer, 'nodeDataCache', {value: graph._gpu_nodes})
+  // Object.defineProperty(renderer, 'process', {value: () => { console.log('no more processing.')
+  // }})
+
+  // 5. Enable FA2 button:
+  const fa2Button        = document.getElementById('fa2') as HTMLButtonElement;
+  const sensibleSettings = forceAtlas2.inferSettings(graph);
+  const fa2Layout        = new FA2Layout(graph, {
+    settings: sensibleSettings,
+  });
+  function toggleFA2Layout() {
+    if (fa2Layout.isRunning()) {
+      fa2Layout.stop();
+      fa2Button.innerHTML = `Start layout ▶`;
+    } else {
+      fa2Layout.start();
+      fa2Button.innerHTML = `Stop layout ⏸`;
+    }
+  }
+  fa2Button.addEventListener('click', toggleFA2Layout);
+
+  // Cheap trick: tilt the camera a bit to make labels more readable:
+  renderer.getCamera().setState({
+    angle: 0.2,
+  });
+})();
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/node.fast.frag.glsl b/examples/extra-large-graphs/node.fast.frag.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f1631a43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/node.fast.frag.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+precision mediump float;
+
+varying vec4 v_color;
+varying float v_border;
+
+const float radius = 0.5;
+const vec4 transparent = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+
+void main(void) {
+  vec2 m = gl_PointCoord - vec2(0.5, 0.5);
+  float dist = radius - length(m);
+
+  float t = 0.0;
+  if (dist > v_border)
+    t = 1.0;
+  else if (dist > 0.0)
+    t = dist / v_border;
+
+  gl_FragColor = mix(transparent, v_color, t);
+}
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/node.fast.vert.glsl b/examples/extra-large-graphs/node.fast.vert.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8574125c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/node.fast.vert.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+attribute vec2 a_position;
+attribute float a_size;
+attribute vec4 a_color;
+
+uniform float u_ratio;
+uniform float u_scale;
+uniform mat3 u_matrix;
+
+varying vec4 v_color;
+varying float v_border;
+
+const float bias = 255.0 / 254.0;
+
+void main() {
+  gl_Position = vec4(
+    (u_matrix * vec3(a_position, 1)).xy,
+    0,
+    1
+  );
+
+  // Multiply the point size twice:
+  //  - x SCALING_RATIO to correct the canvas scaling
+  //  - x 2 to correct the formulae
+  gl_PointSize = a_size * u_ratio * u_scale * 2.0;
+
+  v_border = (1.0 / u_ratio) * (0.5 / a_size);
+
+  // Extract the color:
+  v_color = a_color;
+  v_color.a *= bias;
+}
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/node.gpu.ts b/examples/extra-large-graphs/node.gpu.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2ab67c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/node.gpu.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Sigma.js WebGL Renderer Node Program
+ * =====================================
+ *
+ * Simple program rendering nodes using GL_POINTS. This is faster than the
+ * three triangle option but has some quirks and is not supported equally by
+ * every GPU.
+ * @module
+ */
+import {AbstractNodeProgram} from 'sigma/rendering/webgl/programs/common/node';
+import {RenderParams} from 'sigma/rendering/webgl/programs/common/program';
+
+import fragmentShaderSource from './node.fast.frag.glsl';
+import vertexShaderSource from './node.fast.vert.glsl';
+
+let POINTS = 1;
+const ATTRIBUTES = 4;
+
+export default class NodeGpuProgram extends AbstractNodeProgram {
+  constructor(gl: WebGLRenderingContext) {
+    super(gl, vertexShaderSource, fragmentShaderSource, POINTS, ATTRIBUTES);
+    this.bind();
+  }
+
+  process(data, hidden: boolean, offset: number): void {
+    this.array = data.buffer.getChild('nodes').toArray();
+    POINTS = this.array.length / ATTRIBUTES;
+    this.points = POINTS;
+  }
+
+  render(params: RenderParams): void {
+    if (this.hasNothingToRender()) return;
+
+    const gl = this.gl;
+
+    const program = this.program;
+    gl.useProgram(program);
+
+    gl.uniform1f(this.ratioLocation, 1 / Math.sqrt(params.ratio));
+    gl.uniform1f(this.scaleLocation, params.scalingRatio);
+    gl.uniformMatrix3fv(this.matrixLocation, false, params.matrix);
+
+    gl.drawArrays(gl.POINTS, 0, this.array.length / ATTRIBUTES);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/package.json b/examples/extra-large-graphs/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18077b2b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "name": "sigma-example-extra-large-graphs",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "A sigma example to showcase node/rapids performances.",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "kotatsu --port 3001 serve --typescript index.ts --public / ./public"
+  },
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@types/seedrandom": "^3.0.1",
+    "apache-arrow": "8.0.0",
+    "graphology": "^0.23.0",
+    "graphology-generators": "^0.11.2",
+    "graphology-layout": "^0.5.0",
+    "graphology-layout-forceatlas2": "^0.8.1",
+    "graphology-types": "^0.23.0",
+    "seedrandom": "^3.0.5",
+    "sigma": "latest"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "kotatsu": "^0.22.3",
+    "typescript": "4.5.5"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/rapids-graph.ts b/examples/extra-large-graphs/rapids-graph.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2808b706d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/rapids-graph.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * This example aims at showcasing sigma's performances.
+ */
+
+import {Table} from 'apache-arrow';
+import Graph, {InvalidArgumentsGraphError} from 'graphology';
+import assignPolyfill from 'graphology';
+
+let _nodes   = null;
+let _edges   = null;
+let _options = null;
+
+export default class RapidsGraphologyGraph extends Graph {
+  _gpu_nodes: Table;
+  _gpu_edges: Table;
+  _gpu_options: Table;
+  _the_node: Map<string, any>;
+  _nodeExtent: Map<string, number>;
+
+  constructor(nodes: Table, edges: Table, options: Table) {
+    super(new Graph({type: 'undirected'}));
+    this._nodeExtent  = new Map();
+    this._gpu_nodes   = nodes;
+    this._gpu_edges   = edges;
+    this._gpu_options = options;
+    this._the_node = new Map<string, any>();
+    this._the_node['node'] = null;
+    this._the_node['hidden'] = false;
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'order', {value: this._gpu_nodes.numRows});
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'nodeExtent', {value: {x: [0, 5], y: [5, 10]}});
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'nodes', {value: () => {
+      this._the_node['node'] = this._gpu_nodes;
+      return [this._the_node];
+    }});
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'edges', {value: () => { return [{'edge': this._gpu_edges}] }});
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'getNodeAttributes', {
+      value: () => {
+        return { 'buffer': this._gpu_nodes, 'x': -1, 'y': -1 }
+      }
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'getEdgeAttributes', {
+      value: () => {
+        return { 'buffer': this._gpu_edges, 'source': -1, 'target': -1, color: '#999', hidden: false }
+      }
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'extremities', {
+      value: () => {
+        return [this._the_node, this._the_node]
+      }
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'forEachNode', {
+      value: (callback) => {
+        if (typeof callback != 'function')
+          throw new InvalidArgumentsGraphError(
+            'RapidsGraphologyGraph.forEachNode: expecting a callback');
+        const p1 = {x: this._nodeExtent['xmin'], y: this._nodeExtent['ymin']};
+        const p2 = {x: this._nodeExtent['xmax'], y: this._nodeExtent['ymax']};
+        callback('gpu_nodes_p1', p1);
+        callback('gpu_nodes_p2', p2);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  setExtent(bounds) { this._nodeExtent = bounds; }
+}
diff --git a/examples/extra-large-graphs/sandbox.config.json b/examples/extra-large-graphs/sandbox.config.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33673fa1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extra-large-graphs/sandbox.config.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "infiniteLoopProtection": true,
+  "hardReloadOnChange": false,
+  "view": "browser",
+  "template": "create-react-app"
+}
diff --git a/examples/package-lock.json b/examples/package-lock.json
index 0045e7afa..eeb0b4864 100644
--- a/examples/package-lock.json
+++ b/examples/package-lock.json
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
         "@types/file-saver": "^2.0.4",
         "@types/papaparse": "^5.3.1",
         "@types/seedrandom": "^3.0.1",
+        "apache-arrow": "8.0.0",
         "chroma-js": "^2.1.2",
         "file-saver": "^2.0.5",
         "graphology": "^0.23.2",
@@ -1755,6 +1756,16 @@
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@types/command-line-args": {
+      "version": "5.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/command-line-args/-/command-line-args-5.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-UuKzKpJJ/Ief6ufIaIzr3A/0XnluX7RvFgwkV89Yzvm77wCh1kFaFmqN8XEnGcN62EuHdedQjEMb8mYxFLGPyA=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/command-line-usage": {
+      "version": "5.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/command-line-usage/-/command-line-usage-5.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-n7RlEEJ+4x4TS7ZQddTmNSxP+zziEG0TNsMfiRIxcIVXt71ENJ9ojeXmGO3wPoTdn7pJcU2xc3CJYMktNT6DPg=="
+    },
     "node_modules/@types/eslint": {
       "version": "7.28.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/eslint/-/eslint-7.28.2.tgz",
@@ -1786,6 +1797,11 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/file-saver/-/file-saver-2.0.4.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-sPZYQEIF/SOnLAvaz9lTuydniP+afBMtElRTdYkeV1QtEgvtJ7qolCPjly6O32QI8CbEmP5O/fztMXEDWfEcrg=="
     },
+    "node_modules/@types/flatbuffers": {
+      "version": "1.10.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/flatbuffers/-/flatbuffers-1.10.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7btbphLrKvo5yl/5CC2OCxUSMx1wV1wvGT1qDXkSt7yi00/YW7E8k6qzXqJHsp+WU0eoG7r6MTQQXI9lIvd0qA=="
+    },
     "node_modules/@types/http-proxy": {
       "version": "1.17.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/http-proxy/-/http-proxy-1.17.7.tgz",
@@ -1802,9 +1818,14 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/@types/node": {
-      "version": "16.11.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-16.11.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QB5D2sqfSjCmTuWcBWyJ+/44bcjO7VbjSbOE0ucoVbAsSNQc4Lt6QkgkVXkTDwkL4z/beecZNDvVX15D4P8Jbw=="
+      "version": "17.0.45",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-17.0.45.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-w+tIMs3rq2afQdsPJlODhoUEKzFP1ayaoyl1CcnwtIlsVe7K7bA1NGm4s3PraqTLlXnbIN84zuBlxBWo1u9BLw=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/pad-left": {
+      "version": "2.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/pad-left/-/pad-left-2.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Xd22WCRBydkGSApl5Bw0PhAOHKSVjNL3E3AwzKaps96IMraPqy5BvZIsBVK6JLwdybUzjHnuWVwpDd0JjTfHXA=="
     },
     "node_modules/@types/papaparse": {
       "version": "5.3.1",
@@ -2085,6 +2106,35 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/chalk/ansi-styles?sponsor=1"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/apache-arrow": {
+      "version": "8.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/apache-arrow/-/apache-arrow-8.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-74wgHL9P+vgylNOhnLGw1meOQ1cbYyi+TXo1eDnQJ9g2Ly+k8novUWQIG5SIp6acnErhGRTsMJajwUh9x/ZbaQ==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/command-line-args": "5.2.0",
+        "@types/command-line-usage": "5.0.2",
+        "@types/flatbuffers": "*",
+        "@types/node": "^17.0.24",
+        "@types/pad-left": "2.1.1",
+        "command-line-args": "5.2.1",
+        "command-line-usage": "6.1.3",
+        "flatbuffers": "2.0.4",
+        "json-bignum": "^0.0.3",
+        "pad-left": "^2.1.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.3.1"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "arrow2csv": "bin/arrow2csv.js"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/array-back": {
+      "version": "3.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/array-back/-/array-back-3.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-TkuxA4UCOvxuDK6NZYXCalszEzj+TLszyASooky+i742l9TqsOdYCMJJupxRic61hwquNtppB3hgcuq9SVSH1Q==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/array-flatten": {
       "version": "1.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/array-flatten/-/array-flatten-1.1.1.tgz",
@@ -2470,6 +2520,106 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-hUewv7oMjCp+wkBv5Rm0v87eJhq4woh5rSR+42YSQJKecCqgIqNkZ6lAlQms/BwHPJA5NKMRlpxPRv0n8HQW6g==",
       "dev": true
     },
+    "node_modules/command-line-args": {
+      "version": "5.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/command-line-args/-/command-line-args-5.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-H4UfQhZyakIjC74I9d34fGYDwk3XpSr17QhEd0Q3I9Xq1CETHo4Hcuo87WyWHpAF1aSLjLRf5lD9ZGX2qStUvg==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "array-back": "^3.1.0",
+        "find-replace": "^3.0.0",
+        "lodash.camelcase": "^4.3.0",
+        "typical": "^4.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/command-line-usage": {
+      "version": "6.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/command-line-usage/-/command-line-usage-6.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sH5ZSPr+7UStsloltmDh7Ce5fb8XPlHyoPzTpyyMuYCtervL65+ubVZ6Q61cFtFl62UyJlc8/JwERRbAFPUqgw==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "array-back": "^4.0.2",
+        "chalk": "^2.4.2",
+        "table-layout": "^1.0.2",
+        "typical": "^5.2.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/command-line-usage/node_modules/ansi-styles": {
+      "version": "3.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-3.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-VT0ZI6kZRdTh8YyJw3SMbYm/u+NqfsAxEpWO0Pf9sq8/e94WxxOpPKx9FR1FlyCtOVDNOQ+8ntlqFxiRc+r5qA==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "color-convert": "^1.9.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/command-line-usage/node_modules/array-back": {
+      "version": "4.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/array-back/-/array-back-4.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NbdMezxqf94cnNfWLL7V/im0Ub+Anbb0IoZhvzie8+4HJ4nMQuzHuy49FkGYCJK2yAloZ3meiB6AVMClbrI1vg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/command-line-usage/node_modules/chalk": {
+      "version": "2.4.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chalk/-/chalk-2.4.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Mti+f9lpJNcwF4tWV8/OrTTtF1gZi+f8FqlyAdouralcFWFQWF2+NgCHShjkCb+IFBLq9buZwE1xckQU4peSuQ==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "ansi-styles": "^3.2.1",
+        "escape-string-regexp": "^1.0.5",
+        "supports-color": "^5.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/command-line-usage/node_modules/color-convert": {
+      "version": "1.9.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-convert/-/color-convert-1.9.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QfAUtd+vFdAtFQcC8CCyYt1fYWxSqAiK2cSD6zDB8N3cpsEBAvRxp9zOGg6G/SHHJYAT88/az/IuDGALsNVbGg==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "color-name": "1.1.3"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/command-line-usage/node_modules/color-name": {
+      "version": "1.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-name/-/color-name-1.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-72fSenhMw2HZMTVHeCA9KCmpEIbzWiQsjN+BHcBbS9vr1mtt+vJjPdksIBNUmKAW8TFUDPJK5SUU3QhE9NEXDw=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/command-line-usage/node_modules/has-flag": {
+      "version": "3.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-3.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sKJf1+ceQBr4SMkvQnBDNDtf4TXpVhVGateu0t918bl30FnbE2m4vNLX+VWe/dpjlb+HugGYzW7uQXH98HPEYw==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/command-line-usage/node_modules/supports-color": {
+      "version": "5.5.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-5.5.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QjVjwdXIt408MIiAqCX4oUKsgU2EqAGzs2Ppkm4aQYbjm+ZEWEcW4SfFNTr4uMNZma0ey4f5lgLrkB0aX0QMow==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "has-flag": "^3.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/command-line-usage/node_modules/typical": {
+      "version": "5.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typical/-/typical-5.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dvdQgNDNJo+8B2uBQoqdb11eUCE1JQXhvjC/CZtgvZseVd5TYMXnq0+vuUemXbd/Se29cTaUuPX3YIc2xgbvIg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/commander": {
       "version": "2.20.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/commander/-/commander-2.20.3.tgz",
@@ -2701,6 +2851,14 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/deep-extend": {
+      "version": "0.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/deep-extend/-/deep-extend-0.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LOHxIOaPYdHlJRtCQfDIVZtfw/ufM8+rVj649RIHzcm/vGwQRXFt6OPqIFWsm2XEMrNIEtWR64sY1LEKD2vAOA==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/define-lazy-prop": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/define-lazy-prop/-/define-lazy-prop-2.0.0.tgz",
@@ -2811,7 +2969,6 @@
       "version": "1.0.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/escape-string-regexp/-/escape-string-regexp-1.0.5.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha1-G2HAViGQqN/2rjuyzwIAyhMLhtQ=",
-      "dev": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=0.8.0"
       }
@@ -3023,6 +3180,17 @@
         "node": ">=6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/find-replace": {
+      "version": "3.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/find-replace/-/find-replace-3.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6Tb2myMioCAgv5kfvP5/PkZZ/ntTpVK39fHY7WkWBgvbeE+VHd/tZuZ4mrC+bxh4cfOZeYKVPaJIZtZXV7GNCQ==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "array-back": "^3.0.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/find-up": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/find-up/-/find-up-3.0.0.tgz",
@@ -3035,6 +3203,11 @@
         "node": ">=6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/flatbuffers": {
+      "version": "2.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/flatbuffers/-/flatbuffers-2.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4rUFVDPjSoP0tOII34oQf+72NKU7E088U5oX7kwICahft0UB2kOQ9wUzzCp+OHxByERIfxRDCgX5mP8Pjkfl0g=="
+    },
     "node_modules/follow-redirects": {
       "version": "1.14.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/follow-redirects/-/follow-redirects-1.14.5.tgz",
@@ -3628,6 +3801,14 @@
         "node": ">=4"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/json-bignum": {
+      "version": "0.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/json-bignum/-/json-bignum-0.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2WHyXj3OfHSgNyuzDbSxI1w2jgw5gkWSWhS7Qg4bWXx1nLk3jnbwfUeS0PSba3IzpTUWdHxBieELUzXRjQB2zg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/json-parse-better-errors": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/json-parse-better-errors/-/json-parse-better-errors-1.0.2.tgz",
@@ -3777,6 +3958,11 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-v2kDEe57lecTulaDIuNTPy3Ry4gLGJ6Z1O3vE1krgXZNrsQ+LFTGHVxVjcXPs17LhbZVGedAJv8XZ1tvj5FvSg==",
       "dev": true
     },
+    "node_modules/lodash.camelcase": {
+      "version": "4.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.camelcase/-/lodash.camelcase-4.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-TwuEnCnxbc3rAvhf/LbG7tJUDzhqXyFnv3dtzLOPgCG/hODL7WFnsbwktkD7yUV0RrreP/l1PALq/YSg6VvjlA=="
+    },
     "node_modules/lodash.debounce": {
       "version": "4.0.8",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.debounce/-/lodash.debounce-4.0.8.tgz",
@@ -4094,6 +4280,17 @@
         "node": ">=6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/pad-left": {
+      "version": "2.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pad-left/-/pad-left-2.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-HJxs9K9AztdIQIAIa/OIazRAUW/L6B9hbQDxO4X07roW3eo9XqZc2ur9bn1StH9CnbbI9EgvejHQX7CBpCF1QA==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "repeat-string": "^1.5.4"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/pandemonium": {
       "version": "1.5.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pandemonium/-/pandemonium-1.5.0.tgz",
@@ -4457,6 +4654,14 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/webpack"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/reduce-flatten": {
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/reduce-flatten/-/reduce-flatten-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EJ4UNY/U1t2P/2k6oqotuX2Cc3T6nxJwsM0N0asT7dhrtH1ltUxDn4NalSYmPE2rCkVpcf/X6R0wDwcFpzhd4w==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/regenerate": {
       "version": "1.4.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/regenerate/-/regenerate-1.4.2.tgz",
@@ -4534,6 +4739,14 @@
         "jsesc": "bin/jsesc"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/repeat-string": {
+      "version": "1.6.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/repeat-string/-/repeat-string-1.6.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-PV0dzCYDNfRi1jCDbJzpW7jNNDRuCOG/jI5ctQcGKt/clZD+YcPS3yIlWuTJMmESC8aevCFmWJy5wjAFgNqN6w==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/require-directory": {
       "version": "2.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/require-directory/-/require-directory-2.1.1.tgz",
@@ -4870,6 +5083,36 @@
         "node": ">=8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/table-layout": {
+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/table-layout/-/table-layout-1.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qd/R7n5rQTRFi+Zf2sk5XVVd9UQl6ZkduPFC3S7WEGJAmetDTjY3qPN50eSKzwuzEyQKy5TN2TiZdkIjos2L6A==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "array-back": "^4.0.1",
+        "deep-extend": "~0.6.0",
+        "typical": "^5.2.0",
+        "wordwrapjs": "^4.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/table-layout/node_modules/array-back": {
+      "version": "4.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/array-back/-/array-back-4.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NbdMezxqf94cnNfWLL7V/im0Ub+Anbb0IoZhvzie8+4HJ4nMQuzHuy49FkGYCJK2yAloZ3meiB6AVMClbrI1vg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/table-layout/node_modules/typical": {
+      "version": "5.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typical/-/typical-5.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dvdQgNDNJo+8B2uBQoqdb11eUCE1JQXhvjC/CZtgvZseVd5TYMXnq0+vuUemXbd/Se29cTaUuPX3YIc2xgbvIg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/tapable": {
       "version": "2.2.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tapable/-/tapable-2.2.1.tgz",
@@ -5030,6 +5273,11 @@
         "node": ">=10"
       }
     },
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+      "version": "4.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wordwrapjs/-/wordwrapjs-4.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-kKlNACbvHrkpIw6oPeYDSmdCTu2hdMHoyXLTcUKala++lx5Y+wjJ/e474Jqv5abnVmwxw08DiTuHmw69lJGksA==",
+      "requires": {
+        "reduce-flatten": "^2.0.0",
+        "typical": "^5.2.0"
+      },
+      "dependencies": {
+        "typical": {
+          "version": "5.2.0",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typical/-/typical-5.2.0.tgz",
+          "integrity": "sha512-dvdQgNDNJo+8B2uBQoqdb11eUCE1JQXhvjC/CZtgvZseVd5TYMXnq0+vuUemXbd/Se29cTaUuPX3YIc2xgbvIg=="
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "wrap-ansi": {
       "version": "7.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-7.0.0.tgz",
diff --git a/examples/package.json b/examples/package.json
index ed4c88150..f7cb64f52 100644
--- a/examples/package.json
+++ b/examples/package.json
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     "@types/file-saver": "^2.0.4",
     "@types/papaparse": "^5.3.1",
     "@types/seedrandom": "^3.0.1",
+    "apache-arrow": "8.0.0",
     "chroma-js": "^2.1.2",
     "file-saver": "^2.0.5",
     "graphology": "^0.23.2",
diff --git a/examples/webpack.config.js b/examples/webpack.config.js
index b34b7f80f..8404dff6b 100644
--- a/examples/webpack.config.js
+++ b/examples/webpack.config.js
@@ -20,9 +20,14 @@ module.exports = {
         __dirname,
         "../src/rendering/webgl/programs/common/node.ts",
       ),
+      "sigma/rendering/webgl/programs/common/edge": path.resolve(
+        __dirname,
+        "../src/rendering/webgl/programs/common/edge.ts",
+      ),
       sigma: path.resolve(__dirname, "../src/index.ts"),
-    },
-  },
+      "apache-arrow": require.resolve("apache-arrow/Arrow.es2015.min")
+    }
+},
   module: {
     rules: [
       {