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Running Your Own Subtensor Chain Locally

This tutorial will guide you through setting up a local subtensor chain, creating a subnetwork, and connecting your mechanism to it.

1. Install substrate dependencies

Begin by installing the required dependencies for running a substrate node.

# Update your system packages
sudo apt update

# Install additional required libraries and tools
sudo apt install --assume-yes make build-essential git clang curl libssl-dev llvm libudev-dev protobuf-compiler

2. Install Rust and Cargo

Rust is the programming language used in substrate development, and Cargo is Rust's package manager.

# Install rust and cargo
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# Update your shell's source to include Cargo's path
source "$HOME/.cargo/env"

3. Clone the Subtensor Repository

This step fetches the subtensor codebase to your local machine.

git clone https://github.com/opentensor/subtensor.git

4. Switch to the User-Creation Branch

Navigate into the repository and switch to the desired branch.

cd subtensor
git fetch origin subnets/user-creation
git checkout subnets/user-creation

5. Setup Rust for Substrate Development

Ensure you have the nightly toolchain and the WebAssembly (wasm) compilation target. Note that this step will run the subtensor chain on your terminal directly, hence we advise that you run this as a background process using PM2 or other software.

# Update to the nightly version of rust
./subtensor/scripts/init.sh

6. Initialize Your Local Subtensor Chain in Development Mode

This command will set up and run a local subtensor network.

./scripts/localnet.sh

Note

Watch for any build or initialization outputs here. If building the project for the first time, this step will take while to finish building depending on your hardware.

7. Clone and Setup Bittensor Revolution

If you don't already have the Bittensor revolution, follow these steps.

# Navigate to your workspace root
cd ..

# Clone the template repository
git clone https://github.com/opentensor/bittensor-subnet-template.git

# Navigate to the cloned repository
cd bittensor-subnet-template

# Install the bittensor-subnet-template python package
python -m pip install -e .

8. Set Up Wallets

You'll need wallets for different roles in the subnetwork. The owner wallet creates and controls the subnet. The validator and miner will run the respective validator/miner scripts and be registered to the subnetwork created by the owner.

# Create a coldkey for the owner role
btcli wallet new_coldkey --wallet.name owner

# Set up the miner's wallets
btcli wallet new_coldkey --wallet.name miner
btcli wallet new_hotkey --wallet.name miner --wallet.hotkey default

# Set up the validator's wallets
btcli wallet new_coldkey --wallet.name validator
btcli wallet new_hotkey --wallet.name validator --wallet.hotkey default

9. Mint yourself tokens

You will need tokens to initialize the intentive mechanism on the chain as well as registering a network (below). Run the following command to mint yourself tokens on your chain.

# Mint tokens for the owner
btcli wallet faucet --wallet.name owner --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946
>> Balance: τ0.000000000 ➡ τ100.000000000
# Mint tokens to your validator.
btcli wallet faucet --wallet.name validator --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946
>> Balance: τ0.000000000 ➡ τ100.000000000

10. Create a Subnetwork

The commands below establish a new subnetwork on the local chain. The cost will be exactly τ100.000000000 for the first network you create.

btcli subnet create --wallet.name owner --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946
>> Your balance is: τ200.000000000
>> Do you want to register a subnet for τ100.000000000? [y/n]:
>> Enter password to unlock key: [YOUR_PASSWORD]
>> ✅ Registered subnetwork with netuid: 1

Note: The local chain will now have a default netuid of 1, the second registration will create netuid 2 and so on until you reach the subnet limit of 8. After this point the subnetwork with the least staked TAO will be replaced the incoming one.

11. Register Your Validator and Miner Keys

Enroll your validator and miner on the network. This gives your two keys unique slots on the subnetwork which has a current limit of 128 slots.

# Register the miner
btcli subnet register --wallet.name miner --wallet.hotkey default --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946
>> Enter netuid [1] (1): 1
>> Continue Registration? [y/n]: y
>> ⠦ 📡 Submitting POW...
>> ✅ Registered


# Register the validator
btcli subnet register --wallet.name validator --wallet.hotkey default --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946
>> Enter netuid [1] (1): 1
>> Continue Registration? [y/n]: y
>> ⠦ 📡 Submitting POW...
>> ✅ Registered

11. Stake to your validator

This bootstraps the incentives on your new subnet by adding stake into its incentive mechanism.

btcli stake add --wallet.name validator --wallet.hotkey default --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946
>> Stake all Tao from account: 'validator'? [y/n]: y
>> Stake:
    τ0.000000000 ➡ τ100.000000000

12. Validate Your Key Registrations on your new subnet

Ensure both the miner and validator keys are successfully registered.

btcli subnet list --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946
                        Subnets - finney
NETUID  NEURONS  MAX_N   DIFFICULTY  TEMPO  CON_REQ  EMISSION  BURN(τ)
   1        2     256.00   10.00 M    1000    None     0.00%    τ1.00000
   2      128

btcli wallet overview --wallet.name validator --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946
Subnet: 1
COLDKEY  HOTKEY   UID  ACTIVE  STAKE(τ)     RANK    TRUST  CONSENSUS  INCENTIVE  DIVIDENDS  EMISSION(ρ)   VTRUST  VPERMIT  UPDATED  AXON  HOTKEY_SS58
miner    default  0      True   100.00000  0.00000  0.00000    0.00000    0.00000    0.00000            0  0.00000                14  none  5GTFrsEQfvTsh3WjiEVFeKzFTc2xcf…
1        1        2            τ100.00000  0.00000  0.00000    0.00000    0.00000    0.00000           ρ0  0.00000
                                                                          Wallet balance: τ0.0

btcli wallet overview --wallet.name miner --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946
Subnet: 1
COLDKEY  HOTKEY   UID  ACTIVE  STAKE(τ)     RANK    TRUST  CONSENSUS  INCENTIVE  DIVIDENDS  EMISSION(ρ)   VTRUST  VPERMIT  UPDATED  AXON  HOTKEY_SS58
miner    default  1      True   0.00000  0.00000  0.00000    0.00000    0.00000    0.00000            0  0.00000                14  none  5GTFrsEQfvTsh3WjiEVFeKzFTc2xcf…
1        1        2            τ0.00000  0.00000  0.00000    0.00000    0.00000    0.00000           ρ0  0.00000
                                                                          Wallet balance: τ0.0

13. Run Miner and Validator

Use the following commands to run the miner and validator against the local chain.

pm2 start neurons/miner.py --interpreter python3 --name miner -- --netuid 1 --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946 --wallet.name miner --wallet.hotkey default
pm2 start neurons/validator.py --interpreter python3 --name validator -- --netuid 1 --subtensor.chain_endpoint ws://127.0.0.1:9946 --wallet.name validator --wallet.hotkey default

View all acceptable CLI arguments →

14. Monitor miner and validator

Use the following command to monitor the miner and validator.

pm2 monit