PredPatt extracts knowledge from text .
?a extracts ?b from ?c
?a: PredPatt
?b: knowledge
?c: text
Chris loves Pat .
?a loves ?b
?a: Chris
?b: Pat
Chris slept .
?a slept
?a: Chris
Chris gave Pat the book .
?a gave ?b ?c
?a: Chris
?b: Pat
?c: the book
Chris gave the book to Pat .
?a gave ?b to ?c
?a: Chris
?b: the book
?c: Pat
PredPatt handles negation by modifying the predicate's name.
Chris does not love Pat .
?a does not love ?b
?a: Chris
?b: Pat
Chris failed to dance at the party .
?a failed to dance at ?b
?a: Chris
?b: the party
Sheng loves to work on PredPatt with Tim .
?a loves to work on ?b with ?c
?a: Sheng
?b: PredPatt
?c: Tim
A boat was built by a boy .
?a was built by ?b
?a: A boat
?b: a boy
Chris built a boat quickly .
?a built ?b quickly
?a: Chris
?b: a boat
Chris quickly built a boat .
?a quickly built ?b
?a: Chris
?b: a boat
Chris bought an apple , three bananas , a grapefruit , and two onions .
?a bought ?b
?a: Chris
?b: an apple
?a bought ?b
?a: Chris
?b: three bananas
?a bought ?b
?a: Chris
?b: a grapefruit
?a bought ?b
?a: Chris
?b: two onions
Distribution over tree place predicate ?a bought ?b on ?c
Chris and Pat bought apples , bananas , and onions on Monday and Tuesday .
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Chris
?b: apples
?c: Monday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Pat
?b: apples
?c: Monday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Chris
?b: bananas
?c: Monday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Pat
?b: bananas
?c: Monday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Chris
?b: onions
?c: Monday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Pat
?b: onions
?c: Monday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Chris
?b: apples
?c: Tuesday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Pat
?b: apples
?c: Tuesday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Chris
?b: bananas
?c: Tuesday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Pat
?b: bananas
?c: Tuesday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Chris
?b: onions
?c: Tuesday
?a bought ?b on ?c
?a: Pat
?b: onions
?c: Tuesday
Not all predicates distribute over their arguments. With the --resolve-conj
option enabled PredPatt will naively expand all predicates over arguments
containing a conjunction.
Chris and Pat are a team .
?a are a team
?a: Chris
?a are a team
?a: Pat
The average American has 2.5 children .
?a is/are average
?a: The American
?a has ?b
?a: The average American
?b: 2.5 children
Texting while driving is illegal .
?a is illegal
?a: SOMETHING := Texting while driving
Chris , Pat 's sibling , loves pineapple .
sibling is a predicate
?a poss ?b
?a: Pat
?b: sibling
?a is/are ?b 's sibling
?a: Chris
?b: Pat
?a loves ?b
?a: Chris
?b: pineapple
Chris , the sibling of Pat , loves pineapple .
?a is/are the sibling of ?b
?a: Chris
?b: Pat
?a loves ?b
?a: Chris
?b: pineapple
Pat 's sibling , Chris , loves pineapple .
?a poss ?b
?a: Pat
?b: sibling
?a is/are Chris
?a: Pat 's sibling
?a loves ?b
?a: Pat 's sibling
?b: pineapple
Chris stood up and sang the National Anthem .
?a stood up
?a: Chris
?a sang ?b
?a: Chris
?b: the National Anthem
Chris stood up and jumped up and sang the National Anthem .
?a stood up
?a: Chris
?a jumped up
?a: Chris
?a sang ?b
?a: Chris
?b: the National Anthem
Chris may stand up , jump up , or sing the National Anthem .
?a may stand up
?a: Chris
?a jump up
?a: Chris
?a sing ?b
?a: Chris
?b: the National Anthem
Chris did not stand up or jump up .
?a did not stand up
?a: Chris
?a not jump up
?a: Chris
Chris bought and sold stocks .
?a bought
?a: Chris
?a sold ?b
?a: Chris
?b: stocks
Ideally, we'd extract bought(Chris stocks). At this time, PredPatt only
associates subjects with coordinated predicates.
The examples pair below has the referent in different syntactic positions (subj and obj, respectively).
PredPatt over-generates the set of arguments to predicates in embedded clauses because it can't figure out how to resolve the arguments. In many cases, language-specific rules can tweak the output, e.g., dropping arguments that are only function words (that, which).
The plant , that Chris owns , is on fire .
?a ?b owns
?a: The plant
?b: Chris
?a is on fire
?a: The plant , that Chris owns
The plant , which is owned by Chris , is on fire .
?a is owned by ?b
?a: The plant
?b: Chris
?a is on fire
?a: The plant , which is owned by Chris
A form of asbestos used to make Kent cigarette filters causes cancer .
?a used to make ?b
?a: A form of asbestos
?b: Kent cigarette filters
?a causes ?b
?a: A form of asbestos used to make Kent cigarette filters
?b: cancer
The book , which Chris gave to Pat , is on fire .
?a ?b gave to ?c
?a: The book
?b: Chris
?c: Pat
?a is on fire
?a: The book , which Chris gave to Pat
Pat , who Chris gave the book to , is on fire .
?a ?b gave ?c to
?a: Pat
?b: Chris
?c: the book
?a is on fire
?a: Pat , who Chris gave the book to
The house , in which Chris grew up , is on fire .
?a in ?b grew up
?a: The house
?b: Chris
?a is on fire
?a: The house , in which Chris grew up
I know that you hate hamsters
hate is a predicate
?a know ?b
?a: I
?b: SOMETHING := you hate hamsters
?a hate ?b
?a: you
?b: hamsters
Treatment of ccomp and xcomp is consistent with some of the literature according to Aaron.
I want to eat a banana
eat is a predicate
?a want to eat ?b
?a: I
?b: a banana
I want you to eat a banana .
?a want ?b to eat ?c
?a: I
?b: you
?c: a banana
... unless the governor of xcomp is itself the root of an adjunct clause dep or second conjunct (w/ the right flag)
The man who wants to go to the mall ate a banana .
?a wants to go to ?b
?a: The man
?b: the mall
?a ate ?b
?a: The man who wants to go to the mall
?b: a banana
The man has his own car and wants to go to the mall .
?a has ?b
?a: The man
?b: his own car
?a poss ?b
?a: his
?b: own car
?a is/are own
?a: his car
?a wants to go to ?b
?a: The man
?b: the mall
The man who wants to go to the mall ate a banana .
?a wants to go to ?b
?a: The man
?b: the mall
?a ate ?b
?a: The man who wants to go to the mall
?b: a banana
The man who wants to eat a banana went to the mall .
?a wants to eat ?b
?a: The man
?b: a banana
?a went to ?b
?a: The man who wants to eat a banana
?b: the mall
The man wants to go to the mall and has his own car .
?a wants to go to ?b
?a: The man
?b: the mall
?a has ?b
?a: The man
?b: his own car
?a poss ?b
?a: his
?b: own car
?a is/are own
?a: his car
... or it violates the adv clause/conj constraints directly (w/ the right flag)
The apple that the man ate was rotten
?a ?b ate
?a: The apple
?b: the man
?a was rotten
?a: The apple that the man ate
The apple is red .
?a is red
?a: The apple
Chris ate the red apple .
?a ate ?b
?a: Chris
?b: the red apple
?a is/are red
?a: the apple
Chris , a tall man , easily grabbed the book .
?a is/are tall
?a: a man
?a is/are a tall man
?a: Chris
?a easily grabbed ?b
?a: Chris
?b: the book
Attributive adjectives are predicates...
The green apple is rotten .
green is a predicate
?a is/are green
?a: The apple
?a is rotten
?a: The green apple
... unless they modify another adjective (regardless of flag) e.g. (from English UD bank)
northeastern is not a predicate (for now)
Under the accord, a new northeastern provinical council was formed .
?a is/are new
?a: a northeastern provinical council
?a is/are northeastern
?a: a new provinical council
?a is/are provinical
?a: a new northeastern council
Under ?a , ?b was formed
?a: the accord
?b: a new northeastern provinical council
Optionally, conjuncts with other predicates are predicates
Chris bought and sold .
?a bought
?a: Chris
?a sold
?a: Chris
The company said it expects to obtain regulatory approval and complete the transaction by year-end .
?a said ?b
?a: The company
?b: SOMETHING := it expects to obtain regulatory approval and complete the transaction by year-end
?a expects to obtain ?b
?a: it
?b: regulatory approval
?a is/are regulatory
?a: approval
?a expects to complete ?b by ?c
?a: it
?b: the transaction
?c: year-end
The company sincerely expects to lie quickly , steal quietly and cheat magically .
?a sincerely expects to lie quickly
?a: The company
?a sincerely expects to steal quietly
?a: The company
?a sincerely expects to cheat magically
?a: The company
I like his toy .
?a like ?b
?a: I
?b: his toy
?a poss ?b
?a: his
?b: toy
I like Quinn's toy.
?a like ?b
?a: I
?b: Quinn 's toy
?a poss ?b
?a: Quinn
?b: toy
It is a toy of Quinn's.
?a is a toy of ?b 's
?a: It
?b: Quinn
It is one of Quinn's favorite toys.
?a is one of ?b
?a: It
?b: Quinn 's favorite toys
?a poss ?b
?a: Quinn
?b: favorite toys
?a is/are favorite
?a: Quinn 's toys
Ten students passed the exam and six failed.
?a passed ?b
?a: Ten students
?b: the exam
?a failed
?a: six
Failed predicate conjunction. The dobj of failed is a trace back to the
exam. Ideally, we'd extract [six students] failed [the exam], but we don't
know that failed is transitive without language specific rules.
Chris told Pat that a boy built a boat .
?a told ?b ?c
?a: Chris
?b: Pat
?c: SOMETHING := a boy built a boat
?a built ?b
?a: a boy
?b: a boat
Chris told Pat that Quinn told Logan that Francis loves Jordan .
?a told ?b ?c
?a: Chris
?b: Pat
?c: SOMETHING := Quinn told Logan that Francis loves Jordan
?a told ?b ?c
?a: Quinn
?b: Logan
?c: SOMETHING := Francis loves Jordan
?a loves ?b
?a: Francis
?b: Jordan
Chris was told by Pat that Quinn wants Logan to build a boat quickly .
?a was told by ?b ?c
?a: Chris
?b: Pat
?c: SOMETHING := Quinn wants Logan to build a boat quickly
?a wants ?b to build ?c quickly
?a: Quinn
?b: Logan
?c: a boat
Chris ate pasta with olives .
?a ate ?b
?a: Chris
?b: pasta with olives
Chris ate pasta with a friend .
?a ate ?b with ?c
?a: Chris
?b: pasta
?c: a friend
Let 's eat grandma !
?a eat ?b
?a: 's
?b: grandma
Let 's eat , grandma !
?a eat
?a: 's
John would have been unable to come up for air .
?a would have been unable to come up for ?b
?a: John
?b: air
We drop adveribal clauses (advcl) in predicate names.
Chris would love Pat if she loved dogs .
?a would love ?b
?a: Chris
?b: Pat
?a loved ?b
?a: she
?b: dogs
It would be nice to extract a pattern ?a would love ?b if ?c where ?c: SOMETHING := she loved dogs
Born in a small town , she took the midnight train going anywhere .
Born in ?a ?b
?a: a small town
?b: she
?a is/are small
?a: a town
?a took ?b
?a: she
?b: the midnight train going anywhere
?a going anywhere
?a: the midnight train
It's probably not worth the effort to handle the remnant tag because UD parsers don't seem to handle them yet.
Marie went to Paris and Miriam went to Prague .
?a went to ?b
?a: Marie
?b: Paris
?a went to ?b
?a: Miriam
?b: Prague
The company , which is owned by Chris , was under contract with Pat to make toys .
?a is owned by ?b
?a: The company
?b: Chris
?a was under contract with ?b to make ?c
?a: The company , which is owned by Chris
?b: Pat
?c: toys
Declarative context sentences
We expressed our hope that someday the world will know peace .
?a expressed ?b
?a: We
?b: our hope that someday the world will know peace
?a poss ?b
?a: our
?b: hope
someday ?a will know ?b
?a: the world
?b: peace
PredPatt doesn't handle language-specific rules such as the infamous W, such as, X, Y & Z.
PredPatt extracts patterns , such as , relatives , appositives , and ditransitives .
?a extracts ?b , such as ?c
?a: PredPatt
?b: patterns
?c: relatives
?a extracts ?b , such as ?c
?a: PredPatt
?b: patterns
?c: appositives
?a extracts ?b , such as ?c
?a: PredPatt
?b: patterns
?c: ditransitives